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■ 호세아 7장
1. 내가 이스라엘을 치료하려 할 때에 에브라임의 죄와 사마리아의 악이 드러나도다 저희는 궤사를 행하며 안으로 들어가 도적질하고 밖으로 떼 지어 노략질하며
When I would have healed Israel , then the iniquity of Ephraim was discovered , and the wickedness of Samaria : for they commit falsehood ; and the thief cometh in , and the troop of robbers spoileth without .
2. 내가 그 여러 악을 기억하였음을 저희가 마음에 생각지 아니하거니와 이제 그 행위가 저희를 에워싸고 내 목전에 있도다
And they consider not in their hearts that I remember all their wickedness : now their own doings have beset them about ; they are before my face .
3. 저희가 그 악으로 왕을, 그 거짓말로 방백들을 기쁘게 하도다
They make the king glad with their wickedness , and the princes with their lies .
4. 저희는 다 간음하는 자라 빵 만드는 자에게 달궈진 화덕과 같도다 저가 반죽을 뭉침으로 발교되기까지만 불 일으키기를 그칠 뿐이니라
They are all adulterers , as an oven heated by the baker , who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough , until it be leavened .
5. 우리 왕의 날에 방백들이 술의 뜨거움을 인하여 병이 나며 왕은 오만한 자들로 더불어 악수하는도다
In the day of our king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine ; he stretched out his hand with scorners .
6. 저희는 엎드리어 기다릴 때에 그 마음을 화덕 같이 예비하니 마치 빵 만드는 자가 밤새도록 자고 아침에 피우는 불의 일어나는 것 같도다
For they have made ready their heart like an oven , whiles they lie in wait : their baker sleepeth all the night ; in the morning it burneth as a flaming fire .
7. 저희가 다 화덕 같이 뜨거워져서 그 재판장들을 삼키며 그 왕들을 다 엎드러지게 하며 저희 중에는 내게 부르짖는 자가 하나도 없도다
They are all hot as an oven , and have devoured their judges ; all their kings are fallen : there is none among them that calleth unto me.
8. 에브라임이 열방에 혼잡되니 저는 곧 뒤집지 않은 전병이로다
Ephraim , he hath mixed himself among the people ; Ephraim is a cake not turned .
9. 저는 이방인에게 그 힘이 삼키웠으나 알지 못하고 백발이 얼룩얼룩 할지라도 깨닫지 못하는도다
Strangers have devoured his strength , and he knoweth it not: yea, gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he knoweth not.
10. 이스라엘의 교만은 그 얼굴에 증거가 되나니 저희가 이 모든 일을 당하여도 그 하나님 여호와께로 돌아오지 아니하며 구하지 아니하도다
And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face : and they do not return to the Lord their God , nor seek him for all this.
11. 에브라임은 어리석은 비둘기 같이 지혜가 없어서 애굽을 향하여 부르짖으며 앗수르로 가는도다
Ephraim also is like a silly dove without heart : they call to Egypt , they go to Assyria .
12. 저희가 갈 때에 내가 나의 그물을 그 위에 쳐서 공중의 새처럼 떨어뜨리고 전에 그 공회에 들려준 대로 저희를 징계하리라
When they shall go , I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them down as the fowls of the heaven ; I will chastise them, as their congregation hath heard .
13. 화 있을진저 저희가 나를 떠나 그릇 갔음이니라 패망할진저 저희가 내게 범죄하였음이니라 내가 저희를 구속하려 하나 저희가 나를 거스려 거짓을 말하고
Woe unto them! for they have fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet they have spoken lies against me.
14. 성심으로 나를 부르지 아니하였으며 오직 침상에서 슬피 부르짖으며 곡식과 새 포도주를 인하여 모이며 나를 거역하는도다
And they have not cried unto me with their heart , when they howled upon their beds : they assemble themselves for corn and wine , and they rebel against me.
15. 내가 저희 팔을 연습시켜 강건케 하였으나 저희는 내게 대하여 악을 꾀하는도다
Though I have bound and strengthened their arms , yet do they imagine mischief against me.
16. 저희가 돌아오나 높으신 자에게로 돌아오지 아니하니 속이는 활과 같으며 그 방백들은 그 혀의 거친 말로 인하여 칼에 엎드러지리니 이것이 애굽 땅에서 조롱거리가 되리라
They return , but not to the most High : they are like a deceitful bow : their princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their tongue : this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt .
■ 주석 보기
【호7:1 JFB】호7:1-16. Reproof of Israel.
Probably delivered in the interreign and civil war at Pekah's death; for 호7:7, "all their kings … fallen," refers to the murder of Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah. In 호7:8 the reference seems to be to Menahem's payment of tribute to Pul, in order to secure himself in the usurped throne, also to Pekah's league with Rezin of Syria, and to Hoshea's connection with Assyria during the interregnum at Pekah's death [Maurer].
1. I would have healed Israel—Israel's restoration of the two hundred thousand Jewish captives at God's command (대하28:8-15) gave hope of Israel's reformation [Henderson]. Political, as well as moral, healing is meant. When I would have healed Israel in its calamitous state, then their iniquity was discovered to be so great as to preclude hope of recovery. Then he enumerates their wickedness: "The thief cometh in (indoors stealthily), and the troop of robbers spoileth without" (out-of-doors with open violence).
【호7:1 CWC】[JEHOVAH'S LOVE FOR ISRAEL]
With Hosea begins the "Minor" prophets, extending to the close of the Old Testament, and so-called to distinguish them from the "Major," the first four already considered. The major are the more important not as to their contents but their size; and yet the minor prophets are, in principle, only repeating what the major prophets have recorded over and over again.
For this reason the minor prophets will be considered briefly. It may be repeated that we are not attempting to treat every chapter and verse in the Bible in detail. So far as the prophets are concerned, however, we have set forth the great subjects with which they alike deal, and in the laws of recurrence and double reference have indicated the path by which the student may with care find his own way through any of them. Of course, there always will be things calling for explanation which only the larger commentaries or Bible dictionaries can supply, but along the broader lines of study we trust these comments will be found helpful. In their use it is presupposed the reader is going through the Bible in regular order for the purpose of studying or teaching it in its completeness as a revelation of God.
The General Contents of the Chapters.
With the above understanding in view, it will be found that the following chapters in this book are simply giving in detail what the first three reveal in outline. They speak of Israel's unfaithfulness to Jehovah, and these enlarge on the expressions of that unfaithfulness.
For example, chapter 4 charges the nation with, "swearing and lying, and killing and stealing, and committing adultery" (2). People, priests and prophets are alike (4, 5). Idolatry flourishes with all its licentious accompaniments (12-14). Judah is warned by Israel's declension (15-19) but the next chapter indicates that the warning will profit her little.
Chapter 6 opens with a prophetic expression of repentance on Israel's part -- prophetic in the sense that as a nation she has not yet taken that attitude, although she will be led to do so in the latter days (1-3). Suddenly, at verse 4, Jehovah is introduced as pleading with her under the name of Ephraim her chief tribe, and pleading with her sister Judah as well. The plea is accompanied by explanation of their chastisement (4-11).
This thought is continued in the next chapters where Israel's folly in turning for help, first to Egypt and then to Assyria, is pointed out (12). The marginal references direct the reader to Kings where these matters were spoken of in their historic setting.
The style of Hosea is abrupt and broken, but the ejaculations in which it abounds are frequently expressions of God's wonderful love for His people. Examine especially 11:1-4, 8, 9. Sometimes it is difficult to determine when the prophet is expressing only his own feelings toward his nation rather than Jehovah's, and yet even in those instances it is the Holy Spirit using the feelings of man to illustrate the tenderness of the heart of God.
The Appeal to the Backslider.
But the chapter expressing this tenderness the most is the last, and though the reader finds it necessary to hasten over those intervening, he should pause here.
Note God's appeal coupled with His condemnation (1). Consider His kindness in setting before His people the way to return (2, 3). They are to take words, not works -- words of confession, faith, consecration, repentance. Look at the attitude in which He will meet them, and the promises He gives them (4-7). Here is growth, strength, expansion, loveliness and beneficence -- all to be theirs in that day.
Verse 8 is a kind of divine soliloquy. Jehovah hears Israel's repentance, and her testimony to renewing grace, and assures her of Himself as its source.
The chapter closes with an exhortation as applicable to us as to her.
【호7:1 MHCC】 The manifold sins of Israel. (호7:1-7) Their senselessness and hypocrisy. (호7:8-16)
호7:1-7 A practical disbelief of God's government was at the bottom of all israel's wickedness; as if God could not see it or did not heed it. Their sins appear on every side of them. Their hearts were inflamed by evil desires, like a heated oven. In the midst of their troubles as a nation, the people never thought of seeking help from God. The actual wickedness of men's lives bears a very small proportion to what is in their hearts. But when lust is inwardly cherished, it will break forth into outward sin. Those who tempt others to drunkenness never can be their real friends, and often design their ruin. Thus men execute the Divine vengeance on each other. Those are not only heated with sin, but hardened in sin, who continue to live without prayer, even when in trouble and distress.
호7:8-16 Israel was as a cake not turned, half burnt and half dough, none of it fit for use; a mixture of idolatry and of the worship of Jehovah. There were tokens of approaching ruin, as grey hairs are of old age, but they noticed them not. The pride which leads to break the law of God leads to self-flattery. The mercy and grace of God are the only refuge to which obstinate sinners never think of fleeing. Though they may howl forth their terrors in the form of prayers, they seldom cry to God with their hearts. Even their prayers for earthly mercies only seek fuel for their lusts. Their turning from one sect, sentiment, form, or vice, to another, still leaves them far short of Christ and holiness. Such are we by nature. And such shall we prove if left to ourselves. Create in us a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within us.
【호7:2 JFB】2. consider not in their hearts—literally, "say not to," &c. (시14:1).
that I remember—and will punish.
their own doings have beset them about—as so many witnesses against them (시9:16; 잠5:22).
before my face—(시90:8).
【호7:3 JFB】3. Their princes, instead of checking, "have pleasure in them that do" such crimes (롬1:32).
【호7:4 JFB】4. who ceaseth from raising—rather, "heating" it, from an Arabic root, "to be hot." So the Septuagint. Their adulterous and idolatrous lust is inflamed as the oven of a baker who has it at such a heat that he ceaseth from heating it only from the time that he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened; he only needs to omit feeding it during the short period of the fermentation of the bread. Compare 벧후2:14, "that cannot cease from sin" [Henderson].
【호7:5 JFB】5. the day of our king—his birthday or day of inauguration.
have made him sick—namely, the king. Maurer translates, "make themselves sick."
with bottles of wine—drinking not merely glasses, but bottles.Maurer translates, "Owing to the heat of wine."
he stretched out his hand with scorners—the gesture of revellers in holding out the cup and in drinking to one another's health. Scoffers were the king's boon companions.
【호7:6 JFB】6. they have made ready—rather, "they make their heart approach," namely their king, in going to drink with him.
like an oven—following out the image in 호7:4. As it conceals the lighted fire all night while the baker sleeps but in the morning burns as a flaming fire, so they brood mischief in their hearts while conscience is lulled asleep, and their wicked designs wait only for a fair occasion to break forth [Horsley]. Their heart is the oven, their baker the ringleader of the plot. In 호7:7 their plots appear, namely, the intestine disturbances and murders of one king after another, after Jeroboam II.
【호7:7 JFB】7. all hot—All burn with eagerness to cause universal disturbance (왕하15:1-38).
devoured their judges—magistrates; as the fire of the oven devours the fuel.
all their kings … fallen—See on 호7:1.
none … calleth unto me—Such is their perversity that amid all these national calamities, none seeks help from Me (사9:13; 64:7).
【호7:8 JFB】8. mixed … among the people—by leagues with idolaters, and the adoption of their idolatrous practices (호7:9, 11; 시106:35).
Ephraim … cake not turned—a cake burnt on one side and unbaked on the other, and so uneatable; an image of the worthlessness of Ephraim. The Easterners bake their bread on the ground, covering it with embers (왕상19:6), and turning it every ten minutes, to bake it thoroughly without burning it.
【호7:9 JFB】9. Strangers—foreigners: the Syrians and Assyrians (왕하13:7; 15:19, 20; 17:3-6).
gray hairs—that is, symptoms of approaching national dissolution.
are here and there upon—literally, "are sprinkled on" him.
yet he knoweth not—Though old age ought to bring with it wisdom, he neither knows of his senile decay, nor has the true knowledge which leads to reformation.
【호7:10 JFB】10. Repetition of 호5:5.
not return to … Lord … for all this—notwithstanding all their calamities (사9:13).
【호7:11 JFB】11. like a silly dove—a bird proverbial for simplicity: easily deceived.
without heart—that is, understanding.
call to Egypt—Israel lying between the two great rival empires Egypt and Assyria, sought each by turns to help her against the other. As this prophecy was written in the reign of Hoshea, the allusion is probably to the alliance with So or Sabacho II (of which a record has been found on the clay cylindrical seals in Koyunjik), which ended in the overthrow of Hoshea and the deportation of Israel (왕하17:3-6). As the dove betrays its foolishness by fleeing in alarm from its nest only to fall into the net of the fowler, so Israel, though warned that foreign alliances would be their ruin, rushed into them.
【호7:12 JFB】12. When they shall go—to seek aid from this or that foreign state.
spread my net upon them—as on birds taken on the ground (겔12:13), as contrasted with "bringing them down" as the "fowls of the heavens," namely, by the use of missiles.
as their congregation hath heard—namely, by My prophets through whom I threatened "chastisement" (호5:9; 왕하17:13-18).
【호7:13 JFB】13. fled—as birds from their nest (잠27:8; 사16:2).
me—who both could and would have healed them (호7:1), had they applied to Me.
redeemed them—from Egypt and their other enemies (미6:4).
lies—(시78:36; 렘3:10). Pretending to be My worshippers, when they all the while worshipped idols (호7:14; 호12:1); also defrauding Me of the glory of their deliverance, and ascribing it and their other blessings to idols [Calvin].
【호7:14 JFB】14. not cried unto me—but unto other gods [Maurer], (욥35:9, 10). Or, they did indeed cry unto Me, but not "with their heart": answering to "lies," 호7:13 (see on 호7:13).
when they howled upon their beds—sleepless with anxiety; image of deep affliction. Their cry is termed "howling," as it is the cry of anguish, not the cry of repentance and faith.
assemble … for corn, &c.—namely in the temples of their idols, to obtain from them a good harvest and vintage, instead of coming to Me, the true Giver of these (호2:5, 8, 12), proving that their cry to God was "not with their heart."
rebel against me—literally, "withdraw themselves against Me," that is, not only withdraw from Me, but also rebel against Me.
【호7:15 JFB】15. I … bound—when I saw their arms as it were relaxed with various disasters, I bound them so as to strengthen their sinews; image from surgery [Calvin]. Maurer translates, "I instructed them" to war (시18:34; 144:1), namely, under Jeroboam II (왕하14:25). Grotius explains, "Whether I chastised them (Margin) or strengthened their arms, they imagined mischief against Me." English Version is best.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.