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■ 사무엘상 31장
1. 블레셋 사람이 이스라엘을 치매 이스라엘 사람들이 블레셋 사람 앞에서 도망하여 길보아 산에서 엎드러져 죽으니라
Now the Philistines fought against Israel : and the men of Israel fled from before the Philistines , and fell down slain in mount Gilboa .
2. 블레셋 사람들이 사울과 그 아들들을 쫓아 미쳐서 사울의 아들 요나단과 아비나답과 말기수아를 죽이니라
And the Philistines followed hard upon Saul and upon his sons ; and the Philistines slew Jonathan , and Abinadab , and Malchi–shua , Saul’s sons .
3. 사울이 패전하매 활 쏘는 자가 따라 미치니 사울이 그 활 쏘는 자를 인하여 중상한지라
And the battle went sore against Saul , and the archers hit him; and he was sore wounded of the archers .
4. 그가 병기 든 자에게 이르되 네 칼을 빼어 나를 찌르라 할례없는 자들이 와서 나를 찌르고 모욕할까 두려워하노라 하나 병기 든 자가 심히 두려워하여 즐겨 행치 아니하는지라 이에 사울이 자기 칼을 취하고 그 위에 엎드러지매
Then said Saul unto his armourbearer , Draw thy sword , and thrust me through therewith; lest these uncircumcised come and thrust me through , and abuse me. But his armourbearer would not; for he was sore afraid . Therefore Saul took a sword , and fell upon it.
5. 병기 든 자가 사울의 죽음을 보고 자기도 자기 칼 위에 엎드러져 그와 함께 죽으니라
And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was dead , he fell likewise upon his sword , and died with him.
6. 사울과 그 세 아들과 병기 든 자와 그의 모든 사람이 다 그 날에 함께 죽었더라
So Saul died , and his three sons , and his armourbearer , and all his men , that same day together .
7. 골짜기 저편에 있는 이스라엘 사람과 요단 건너편에 있는 자들이 이스라엘 사람들의 도망한 것과 사울과 그 아들들의 죽었음을 보고 성읍들을 버리고 도망하매 블레셋 사람들이 이르러 거기 거하니라
And when the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley , and they that were on the other side Jordan , saw that the men of Israel fled , and that Saul and his sons were dead , they forsook the cities , and fled ; and the Philistines came and dwelt in them.
8. 그 이튿날 블레셋 사람들이 죽은 자를 벗기러 왔다가 사울과 그 세 아들이 길보아 산에서 죽은 것을 보고
And it came to pass on the morrow , when the Philistines came to strip the slain , that they found Saul and his three sons fallen in mount Gilboa .
9. 사울의 머리를 베고 그 갑옷을 벗기고 자기들의 신당과 백성에게 전파하기 위하여 그것을 블레셋 사람의 땅 사방에 보내고
And they cut off his head , and stripped off his armour , and sent into the land of the Philistines round about , to publish it in the house of their idols , and among the people .
10. 그 갑옷은 아스다롯의 집에 두고 그 시체는 벧산 성벽에 못 박으매
And they put his armour in the house of Ashtaroth : and they fastened his body to the wall of Beth–shan .
11. 길르앗 야베스 거민들이 블레셋 사람들의 사울에게 행한 일을 듣고
And when the inhabitants of Jabesh–gilead heard of that which the Philistines had done to Saul ;
12. 모든 장사가 일어나 밤새도록 가서 사울과 그 아들들의 시체를 벧산 성벽에서 취하여 가지고 야베스에 돌아와서 거기서 불사르고
All the valiant men arose , and went all night , and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons from the wall of Beth–shan , and came to Jabesh , and burnt them there.
13. 그 뼈를 가져다가 야베스 에셀나무 아래 장사하고 칠 일을 금식하였더라
And they took their bones , and buried them under a tree at Jabesh , and fasted seven days .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상31:1 JFB】삼상31:1-7. Saul Having Lost His Army at Gilboa, and His Sons Being Slain, He and His Armor-bearer Kill Themselves.
1. Now the Philistines fought against Israel—In a regular engagement, in which the two armies met (삼상28:1-4), the Israelites were forced to give way, being annoyed by the arrows of the enemy, which, destroying them at a distance before they came to close combat, threw them into panic and disorder. Taking advantage of the heights of Mount Gilboa, [the Israelites] attempted to rally, but in vain. Saul and his sons fought like heroes; but the onset of the Philistines being at length mainly directed against the quarter where they were, Jonathan and two brothers, Abinadab or Ishui (삼상14:49) and Melchishua, overpowered by numbers, were killed on the spot.
【삼상31:1 CWC】[SAUL'S CAREER ENDED]
1. Calamity Foretold, c. 28.
This chapter is important and illustrates again the deceptive character of Saul. Having professedly put the necromancers out of Israel in obedience to the divine command (레19:31; 20:27; 신18:10, 11), he no sooner finds himself in straits than he seeks out one of them for his aid.
Two questions arise. Did Samuel really come forth from the dead, and was it the woman's power that brought him forth? To the first we answer yes, on the evidence of verses 12 to 16, and to the second, no. The woman was surprised to see Samuel and affrighted (v. 12), which is proof that she was not a factor in the matter, and that God brought up Samuel to rebuke Saul.
Two other questions follow. Is it possible for human beings to talk with the dead, or lawful to do so? We answer no in both cases. Spiritualistic mediums may have intercourse with demons who by their superior knowledge personate the dead, but they are not permitted of God to bring back the dead themselves. On the other hand God may be at liberty to do what He would not permit His creatures to do.
How are we to understand the words "Tomorrow shalt thou be with me." Was not Samuel one who feared God and Saul the opposite? How then could the future life of both be located in the same place? The answer is that the Jews regarded the place of the dead as composed of two realms, one for the righteous and one for the unrighteous. Saul might be with Samuel in that he was among the dead, and yet not in the sense that he was in the company of the righteous dead.
2. The Evil in Operation, cc. 29, 30.
There is no apology for David's hypocrisy in this chapter, but the situation in which he found himself was the result of the unbelief that led him to leave the land of his fathers and throw in his lot with the Philistines (27:1).
Achish, shows up better than he in this transaction, for he seemed to have confidence in David (28:1, 2). And had it not been for the shrewder judgment of his princes (29:3-5), David would have been found playing the traitor to him later, for it is unlikely he would have fought for him against his own kith and kin.
Chapter 30 may be included in this division because it still has to do with David. There is nothing in it requiring explanation except the observation in verse 6, "that David encouraged himself in the Lord his God." How he did it, and what encouragement he received is indicated in verses 7, 8, but why God would be willing to encourage such a man puzzles us, till again we think of ourselves. The best of us are unbelieving, mean, and hypocritical at times, and yet God's patience waits, and does not destroy and cast away. The reason is that God's love for us terminates on His own glory. He is doing these things for His Name's sake. His honor is at stake in the execution of His purposes and the fulfilling of His will. He had great plans for Israel and the world through David. And He is not measuring us by what we now are, but by what He sees us to be when the work of grace is perfected in us in the ages to come. David becomes a different man even before his earthly career is ended, and we find something of the same transformation in his career as in that of his progenitor, the supplanted Jacob who became Israel, the prince who prevailed with God (창32:28).
3. The End Reached, c. 31
We need not comment on the events of this chapter which tell their own story, but the following from Illustrations of Scripture, by Hackett, will be quickening to faith:
"I venture to affirm that he who compares the Bible account of this battle with the regions around Gilboah, has the same sort of evidence that it relates what is true as a person would have concerning the battles of Saratoga, Yorktown and Waterloo, should he compare their histories with the localities where they occurred.
"Some of the most celebrated battle fields of Grecian and Roman history correspond but imperfectly with the descriptions of ancient writers. The writers may be trustworthy, but the villages they mentioned have changed their names or entirely disappeared. In some cases convulsions of nature have altered streams, or disturbed landmarks between hills and valleys. But Saul's battle ground remains mapped out on the face of the country, almost as distinctly as if it occurred in our time, and yet it occurred in an age more remote than the founding of Rome, or the siege of Troy."
【삼상31:1 MHCC】We cannot judge of the spiritual or eternal state of any by the manner of their death; for in that, there is one event to the righteous and to the wicked. Saul, when sorely wounded, and unable to resist or to flee, expressed no concern about his never-dying soul; but only desired that the Philistines might not insult over him, or put him to pain, and he became his own murderer. As it is the grand deceit of the devil, to persuade sinners, under great difficulties, to fly to this last act of desperation, it is well to fortify the mind against it, by a serious consideration of its sinfulness before God, and its miserable consequences in society. But our security is not in ourselves. Let us seek protection from Him who keepeth Israel. Let us watch and pray; and take unto us the whole armour of God, that we may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand.
【삼상31:3 JFB】3-5. the battle went sore against Saul, &c.—He seems to have bravely maintained his ground for some time longer; but exhausted with fatigue and loss of blood, and dreading that if he fell alive into the enemy's hands, they would insolently maltreat him (수8:29; 10:24; 유8:21), he requested his armor bearer to despatch him. However, that officer refused to do so. Saul then falling on the point of his sword killed himself; and the armor bearer, who, according to Jewish writers, was Doeg, following the example of his master, put an end to his life also. They died by one and the same sword—the very weapon with which they had massacred the Lord's servants at Nob.
【삼상31:6 JFB】6. So Saul died—(see on 대상10:13; 호13:11).
and his three sons—The influence of a directing Providence is evidently to be traced in permitting the death of Saul's three eldest and most energetic sons, particularly that of Jonathan, for whom, had he survived his father, a strong party would undoubtedly have risen and thus obstructed the path of David to the throne.
and all his men, that same day together—his servants or bodyguard (대상10:6).
【삼상31:7 JFB】7. the men of Israel that were on the other side of the valley—probably the valley of Jezreel—the largest and southernmost of the valleys that run between Little Hermon and the ridges of the Gilboa range direct into the Jordan valley. It was very natural for the people in the towns and villages there to take fright and flee, for had they waited the arrival of the victors, they must, according to the war usages of the time, have been deprived either of their liberty or their lives.
【삼상31:8 JFB】삼상31:8-10. The Philistines Triumph over Their Dead Bodies.
8, 9. on the morrow, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his three sons fallen—On discovering the corpses of the slaughtered princes on the battlefield, the enemy reserved them for special indignities. They consecrated the armor of the king and his sons to the temple of Ashtaroth fastened their bodies on the temple of Shen, while they fixed the royal heads ignominiously in the temple of Dagon (대상10:10); thus dividing the glory among their several deities.
【삼상31:8 MHCC】The Scripture makes no mention what became of the souls of Saul and his sons, after they were dead; but of their bodies only: secret things belong not to us. It is of little consequence by what means we die, or what is done with our dead bodies. If our souls are saved, our bodies will be raised incorruptible and glorious; but not to fear His wrath, who is able to destroy both body and soul in hell, is the extreme of folly and wickedness. How useless is the respect of fellow-creatures to those who are suffering the wrath of God! While pompous funerals, grand monuments, and he praises of men, honour the memory of the deceased, the soul may be suffering in the regions of darkness and despair! Let us seek that honour which cometh from God only.
【삼상31:10 JFB】10. to the wall—(삼하21:12)—"the street" of Beth-shan. The street was called from the temple which stood in it. And they had to go along it to the wall of the city (see 수17:11).
【삼상31:11 JFB】삼상31:11-13. The Men of Jabesh-gilead Recover the Bodies and Bury Them at Jabesh.
11-13. the inhabitants of Jabesh-gilead heard of that which the Philistines had done—Mindful of the important and timely services Saul had rendered them, they gratefully and heroically resolved not to suffer such indignities to be inflicted on the remains of the royal family.
【삼상31:12 JFB】12. valiant men arose, and went all night, and took the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons—Considering that Beth-shan is an hour and a half's distance, and by a narrow upland passage, to the west of the Jordan (the whole being a journey from Jabesh-gilead of about ten miles), they must have made all haste to travel thither to carry off the headless bodies and return to their own side of the Jordan in the course of a single night.
burnt them—This was not a Hebrew custom. It was probably resorted to on this occasion to prevent all risk of the Beth-shanites coming to disinter the royal remains for further insult.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.