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■ 사무엘상 25장
1. 사무엘이 죽으매 온 이스라엘 무리가 모여 그를 애곡하며 라마 그의 집에서 그를 장사한지라 다윗이 일어나 바란 광야로 내려가니라
And Samuel died ; and all the Israelites were gathered together , and lamented him, and buried him in his house at Ramah . And David arose , and went down to the wilderness of Paran .
2. 마온에 한 사람이 있는데 그 업이 갈멜에 있고 심히 부하여 양이 삼천이요 염소가 일천이므로 그가 갈멜에서 그 양털을 깎고 있었으니
And there was a man in Maon , whose possessions were in Carmel ; and the man was very great , and he had three thousand sheep , and a thousand goats : and he was shearing his sheep in Carmel .
3. 그 사람의 이름은 나발이요 그 아내의 이름은 아비가일이라 그 여자는 총명하고 용모가 아름다우나 남자는 완고하고 행사가 악하며 그는 갈멜 족속이었더라
Now the name of the man was Nabal ; and the name of his wife Abigail : and she was a woman of good understanding , and of a beautiful countenance : but the man was churlish and evil in his doings ; and he was of the house of Caleb .
4. 다윗이 광야에 있어서 나발이 자기 양털을 깎는다 함을 들은지라
And David heard in the wilderness that Nabal did shear his sheep .
5. 다윗이 이에 열 소년을 보내며 그 소년들에게 이르되 너희는 갈멜로 올라가 나발에게 이르러 내 이름으로 그에게 문안하고
And David sent out ten young men , and David said unto the young men , Get you up to Carmel , and go to Nabal , and greet him in my name :
6. 이같이 그 부하게 사는 자에게 이르기를 너는 평강하라 네 집도 평강하라 네 소유의 모든 것도 평강하라
And thus shall ye say to him that liveth in prosperity, Peace be both to thee, and peace be to thine house , and peace be unto all that thou hast.
7. 네게 앙털 깎는 자들이 있다 함을 이제 내가 들었노라 네 목자들이 우리와 함께 있었으나 우리가 그들을 상치 아니하였고 그들이 갈멜에 있는 동안에 그들의 것을 하나도 잃지 아니하였나니
And now I have heard that thou hast shearers : now thy shepherds which were with us, we hurt them not, neither was there ought missing unto them, all the while they were in Carmel .
8. 네 소년들에게 물으면 그들이 네게 고하리라 그런즉 내 소년들로 네게 은혜를 얻게 하라 우리가 좋은 날에 왔은즉 네 손에 있는 대로 네 종들과 네 아들 다윗에게 주기를 원하노라 하더라 하라
Ask thy young men , and they will shew thee. Wherefore let the young men find favour in thine eyes : for we come in a good day : give , I pray thee, whatsoever cometh to thine hand unto thy servants , and to thy son David .
9. 다윗의 소년들이 가서 다윗의 이름으로 이 모든 말을 나발에게 고하기를 마치매
And when David’s young men came , they spake to Nabal according to all those words in the name of David , and ceased .
10. 나발이 다윗의 사환들에게 대답하여 가로되 다윗은 누구며 이새의 아들은 누구뇨 근일에 각기 주인에게서 억지로 떠나는 종이 많도다
And Nabal answered David’s servants , and said , Who is David ? and who is the son of Jesse ? there be many servants now a days that break away every man from his master .
11. 내가 어찌 내 떡과 물과 내 양털 깎는 자를 위하여 잡은 고기를 가져 어디로서인지 알지도 못하는 자들에게 주겠느냐 한지라
Shall I then take my bread , and my water , and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers , and give it unto men , whom I know not whence they be?
12. 이에 다윗의 소년들이 돌이켜 자기 길로 행하여 돌아와서 이 모든 말로 그에게 고하매
So David’s young men turned their way , and went again , and came and told him all those sayings .
13. 다윗이 자기 사람들에게 이르되 너희는 각기 칼을 차라 각기 칼을 차매 다윗도 자기 칼을 차고 사백 명 가량은 데리고 올라가고 이백 명은 소유물 곁에 있게 하니라
And David said unto his men , Gird ye on every man his sword . And they girded on every man his sword ; and David also girded on his sword : and there went up after David about four hundred men ; and two hundred abode by the stuff .
14. 소년 중 하나가 나발의 아내 아비가일에게 고하여 가로되 다윗이 우리 주인에게 문안하러 광야에서 사자들을 보내었거늘 주인이 그들을 수욕하였나이다
But one of the young men told Abigail , Nabal’s wife , saying , Behold, David sent messengers out of the wilderness to salute our master ; and he railed on them.
15. 우리가 들에 있어 그들과 상종할 동안에 그 사람들이 우리를 매우 선대하였으므로 우리가 상하거나 잃은 것이 없었으니
But the men were very good unto us, and we were not hurt , neither missed we any thing , as long as we were conversant with them, when we were in the fields :
16. 우리가 양을 지키는 동안에 그들이 우리와 함께 있어 밤낮 우리에게 담이 되었음이라
They were a wall unto us both by night and day , all the while we were with them keeping the sheep .
17. 그런즉 이제 당신은 어떻게 할 것을 알아 생각하실지니 이는 다윗이 우리 주인과 주인의 온 집을 해하기로 결정하였음이니이다 주인은 불량한 사람이라 더불어 말할 수 없나이다
Now therefore know and consider what thou wilt do ; for evil is determined against our master , and against all his household : for he is such a son of Belial , that a man cannot speak to him.
18. 아비가일이 급히 떡 이백 덩이와 포도주 두 가죽 부대와 잡아 준비한 양 다섯과 볶은 곡식 다섯 세아와 건포도 백 송이와 무화과 뭉치 이백을 취하여 나귀들에게 싣고
Then Abigail made haste , and took two hundred loaves , and two bottles of wine , and five sheep ready dressed , and five measures of parched corn, and an hundred clusters of raisins , and two hundred cakes of figs, and laid them on asses .
19. 소년들에게 이르되 내 앞서 가라 나는 너희 뒤에 가리라 하고 그 남편 나발에게는 고하지 아니하니라
And she said unto her servants , Go on before me; behold, I come after you. But she told not her husband Nabal .
20. 아비가일이 나귀를 타고 산 유벽한 곳으로 좇아 내려가더니 다윗과 그의 사람들이 자기에게로 마주 내려오는 것을 만나니라
And it was so, as she rode on the ass , that she came down by the covert of the hill , and, behold, David and his men came down against her; and she met them.
21. 다윗이 이미 말하기를 내가 이 자의 소유물을 광야에서 지켜 그 모든 것을 하나도 손실이 없게 한 것이 진실로 허사라 그가 악으로 나의 선을 갚는도다
Now David had said , Surely in vain have I kept all that this fellow hath in the wilderness , so that nothing was missed of all that pertained unto him: and he hath requited me evil for good .
22. 내가 그에게 속한 모든 것 중 한 남자라도 아침까지 남겨두면 하나님은 다윗에게 벌을 내리시고 또 내리시기를 원하노라 하였더라
So and more also do God unto the enemies of David , if I leave of all that pertain to him by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall .
23. 아비가일이 다윗을 보고 급히 나귀에서 내려 다윗의 앞에 엎드려 그 얼굴을 땅에 대니라
And when Abigail saw David , she hasted , and lighted off the ass , and fell before David on her face , and bowed herself to the ground ,
24. 그가 다윗의 발에 엎드려 가로되 내 주여 청컨대 이 죄악을 나 곧 내게로 돌리시고 여종으로 주의 귀에 말하게 하시고 이 여종의 말을 들으소서
And fell at his feet , and said , Upon me, my lord , upon me let this iniquity be: and let thine handmaid , I pray thee, speak in thine audience , and hear the words of thine handmaid .
25. 원하옵나니 내 주는 이 불량한 사람 나발을 개의치 마옵소서 그 이름이 그에게 적당하니 그 이름이 나발이라 그는 미련한 자니이다 여종은 내 주의 보내신 소년들을 보지 못하였나이다
Let not my lord , I pray thee, regard this man of Belial , even Nabal : for as his name is, so is he; Nabal is his name , and folly is with him: but I thine handmaid saw not the young men of my lord , whom thou didst send .
26. 내 주여 여호와께서 사시고 내 주도 살아계시거니와 내 주의 손으로 피를 흘려 친히 보수하시는 일을 여호와께서 막으셨으니 내 주의 원수들과 내 주를 해하려 하는 자들은 나발과 같이 되기를 원하나이다
Now therefore, my lord , as the Lord liveth , and as thy soul liveth , seeing the Lord hath withholden thee from coming to shed blood , and from avenging thyself with thine own hand , now let thine enemies , and they that seek evil to my lord , be as Nabal .
27. 여종이 내 주에게 가져온 이 예물로 내 주를 좇는 이 소년들에게 주게 하시고
And now this blessing which thine handmaid hath brought unto my lord , let it even be given unto the young men that follow my lord .
28. 주의 여종의 허물을 사하여 주옵소서 여호와께서 반드시 내 주를 위하여 든든한 집을 세우시리니 이는 내 주께서 여호와의 싸움을 싸우심이요 내 주의 일생에 내 주에게서 악한 일을 찾을 수 없음이니이다
I pray thee, forgive the trespass of thine handmaid : for the Lord will certainly make my lord a sure house ; because my lord fighteth the battles of the Lord , and evil hath not been found in thee all thy days .
29. 사람이 일어나서 내 주를 쫓아 내 주의 생명을 찾을지라도 내 주의 생명은 내 주의 하나님 여호와와 함께 생명싸개 속에 싸였을 것이요 내 주의 원수들의 생명은 물매로 던지듯 여호와께서 그것을 던지시리이다
Yet a man is risen to pursue thee, and to seek thy soul : but the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the Lord thy God ; and the souls of thine enemies , them shall he sling out , as out of the middle of a sling .
30. 여호와께서 내 주에 대하여 하신 말씀대로 모든 선을 내 주에게 행하사 내 주를 이스라엘의 지도자로 세우신 때에
And it shall come to pass, when the Lord shall have done to my lord according to all the good that he hath spoken concerning thee, and shall have appointed thee ruler over Israel ;
31. 내 주께서 무죄한 피를 흘리셨다든지 내 주께서 친히 보수하셨다든지 함을 인하여 슬퍼하실 것도 없고 내 주의 마음에 걸리는 것도 없으시리니 다만 여호와께서 내 주를 후대하신 때에 원컨대 내 주의 여종을 생각하소서
That this shall be no grief unto thee, nor offence of heart unto my lord , either that thou hast shed blood causeless , or that my lord hath avenged himself: but when the Lord shall have dealt well with my lord , then remember thine handmaid .
32. 다윗이 아비가일에게 이르되 오늘날 너를 보내어 나를 영접케 하신 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와를 찬송할지로다
And David said to Abigail , Blessed be the Lord God of Israel , which sent thee this day to meet me:
33. 또 네 지혜를 칭찬할지며 또 네게 복이 있을지로다 오늘날 내가 피를 흘릴 것과 친히 보수하는 것을 네가 막았느니라
And blessed be thy advice , and blessed be thou, which hast kept me this day from coming to shed blood , and from avenging myself with mine own hand .
34. 나를 막아 너를 해하지 않게 하신 이스라엘의 하나님 여호와의 사심으로 맹세하노니 네가 급히 와서 나를 영접지 아니하였더면 밝는 아침에는 과연 나발에게 한 남자도 남겨두지 아니하였으리라
For in very deed , as the Lord God of Israel liveth , which hath kept me back from hurting thee, except thou hadst hasted and come to meet me, surely there had not been left unto Nabal by the morning light any that pisseth against the wall .
35. 다윗이 그가 가져온 것을 그의 손에서 받고 그에게 이르되 네 집으로 평안히 올라가라 내가 네 말을 듣고 네 청을 허락하노라
So David received of her hand that which she had brought him, and said unto her, Go up in peace to thine house ; see , I have hearkened to thy voice , and have accepted thy person .
36. 아비가일이 나발에게로 돌아오니 그가 왕의 잔치 같은 잔치를 그 집에 배설하고 대취하여 마음에 기뻐하므로 아비가일이 밝는 아침까지는 다소간 말하지 아니하다가
And Abigail came to Nabal ; and, behold, he held a feast in his house , like the feast of a king ; and Nabal’s heart was merry within him, for he was very drunken : wherefore she told him nothing , less or more , until the morning light .
37. 아침에 나발이 포도주가 깬 후에 그 아내가 그에게 이 일을 고하매 그가 낙담하여 몸이 돌과 같이 되었더니
But it came to pass in the morning , when the wine was gone out of Nabal , and his wife had told him these things , that his heart died within him, and he became as a stone .
38. 한 열흘 후에 여호와께서 나발을 치시매 그가 죽으니라
And it came to pass about ten days after, that the Lord smote Nabal , that he died .
39. 다윗이 나발의 죽었다 함을 듣고 가로되 나발에게 당한 나의 욕을 신설하사 종으로 악한 일을 하지 않게 하신 여호와를 찬송할지로다 여호와께서 나발의 악행을 그 머리에 돌리셨도다 하니라 다윗이 아비가일로 자기 아내를 삼으려고 보내어 그에게 말하게 하매
And when David heard that Nabal was dead , he said , Blessed be the Lord , that hath pleaded the cause of my reproach from the hand of Nabal , and hath kept his servant from evil : for the Lord hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head . And David sent and communed with Abigail , to take her to him to wife .
40. 다윗의 사환들이 갈멜에 가서 아비가일에게 이르러 그에게 일러 가로되 다윗이 당신을 아내로 삼고자 하여 우리를 당신께 보내더이다
And when the servants of David were come to Abigail to Carmel , they spake unto her, saying , David sent us unto thee, to take thee to him to wife .
41. 그가 일어나 몸을 굽혀 얼굴을 땅에 대고 가로되 내 주의 여종은 내 주의 사환들의 발 씻길 종이니이다 하고
And she arose , and bowed herself on her face to the earth , and said , Behold, let thine handmaid be a servant to wash the feet of the servants of my lord .
42. 급히 일어나서 나귀를 타고 따르는 처녀 다섯과 함께 다윗의 사자들을 따라가서 다윗의 아내가 되니라
And Abigail hasted , and arose , and rode upon an ass , with five damsels of hers that went after her; and she went after the messengers of David , and became his wife .
43. 다윗이 또 이스르엘 아히노암을 취하였더니 그들 두 사람이 자기 아내가 되니라
David also took Ahinoam of Jezreel ; and they were also both of them his wives .
44. 사울이 그 딸 다윗의 아내 미갈을 갈림에 사는 라이스의 아들 발디에게 주었더라
But Saul had given Michal his daughter , David’s wife , to Phalti the son of Laish , which was of Gallim .
■ 주석 보기
【삼상25:1 JFB】삼상25:1-9. Samuel Dies.
1. Samuel died—After a long life of piety and public usefulness, he left behind him a reputation which ranks him among the greatest of Scripture worthies.
buried him in his house at Ramah—that is, his own mausoleum. The Hebrews took as great care to provide sepulchers anciently as people do in the East still, where every respectable family has its own house of the dead. Often this is in a little detached garden, containing a small stone building (where there is no rock), resembling a house, which is called the sepulcher of the family—it has neither door nor window.
David arose, and went down to the wilderness of Paran—This removal had probably no connection with the prophet's death; but was probably occasioned by the necessity of seeking provision for his numerous followers.
the wilderness of Paran—stretching from Sinai to the borders of Palestine in the southern territories of Judea. Like other wildernesses, it presented large tracts of natural pasture, to which the people sent their cattle at the grazing season, but where they were liable to constant and heavy depredations by prowling Arabs. David and his men earned their subsistence by making reprisals on the cattle of these freebooting Ishmaelites; and, frequently for their useful services, they obtained voluntary tokens of acknowledgment from the peaceful inhabitants.
【삼상25:1 CWC】[MORE BROKEN PROMISES]
1. David and Abigail, c. 25.
The romance of this chapter has a setting like this: The "Wilderness of Paran" on the south was a common pasture like our prairies, and for this reason open to marauders from among the Arabs.
David and his men must have been a protection to their countrymen from such incursions, and in the habit of receiving practical acknowledgments of their service.
Nabal was a rich sheep owner who must have been indebted to them, and "good business," to say nothing of gratitude, should have induced him to contribute to David's need without asking, and his refusal to do so was a violation of established custom.
This does not justify David's bloodthirsty action, but explains it.
The "bottles of wine" (v. 18) were goatskins holding a large quantity.
The "bundle of life" (v. 29) is a poetic expression alluding to the security of the person to whom it is applied.
The last phrase of verses 22 and 34 should be rendered "any man child."
When Nabal's "heart died" (v. 37), it means that he fainted at the thought of his narrow escape, the shock ultimately ending his life (v. 38).
David's taking Abigail to wife was in accordance with eastern custom. He was the head of a clan, Abigail seemed to recognize him as the successor of Saul (v. 30), and such an one fancying a woman for his wife had a right to command her submission to his will. Abigail seems to have been very willing, however.
Polygamy was wrong, (v. 44), but, because of the condition of the times, God seems to have permitted it (마19:3-9).
2. David and Abner, c. 26.
Why David returns to Hachilah (see 23:19) is not clear, especially when he was near his old enemies, the Ziphites.
"Within the trench" (v. 7), means "within the place of the wagons" (see Revised Version). The encampment was a circle, the wagons and the men lining it, and the place of the leader being in the center. "His bolster" is the same as "his head."
In explanation of verse 13 we are told that the air of Palestine enables the voice to be heard at a great distance. (Compare 삿9:7.)
David's heroic strategy gave good ground for his sarcastic inquiry of Abner (vv. 14-16).
Saul repents again and makes more promises; but he has broken so many hitherto that David's confidence is not restored (v. 25).
3. David and Achish, c. 27.
David's resolution (v. 1) was probably wrong (see 22:5), but God overruled it for good by making it contribute to the final destruction of Saul.
"Achish" seems to have been another than he named in the earlier chapter, and there is likelihood that he invited David into his territory. Perhaps it was good policy to do so in view of the feud between David and Saul, and his warlike purposes toward the latter.
Ziklag belonged originally to Canaan and was given to Israel, but never conquered or occupied by the latter. It was far in the south on the border of Philistia, just northeast of Beersheba.
"Road" (v. 10) should be rendered "raid." David deceives Achish in what he says, for instead of destroying the king's enemies, he really did away with the king's allies and engaged in an awful slaughter to conceal the fact (vv. 11, 12).
As in other cases we must not suppose God endorses this because it is in the record or because it was done by one of His servants.
Some of ourselves are in point. Though redeemed by the blood of Christ, and indwelt by God's Spirit, what unsatisfactory instruments do we make in His service, and how often we bring dishonor on His name. Yet He loves and bears with us and, though He chastens, still uses us.
It is one of the proofs of the credibility of the Bible that it tells us the whole truth about a man. If it were false it would be covering over the defects of its heroes; but as it is, both the Old and New Testaments never compromise the facts for the sake of a good appearance. And very grateful we should be therefore
【삼상25:1 MHCC】All Israel lamented Samuel, and they had reason. He prayed daily for them. Those have hard hearts, who can bury faithful ministers without grief; who do not feel their loss of those who have prayed for them, and taught them the way of the Lord.
【삼상25:2 JFB】2. in Carmel—now Kurmul. The district takes its name from this town, now a mass of ruins; and about a mile from it is Tell Main, the hillock on which stood ancient Maon.
the man was very great—His property consisted in cattle, and he was considered wealthy, according to the ideas of that age.
【삼상25:2 MHCC】We should not have heard of Nabal, if nothing had passed between him and David. Observe his name, Nabal, “A fool;” so it signifies. Riches make men look great in the eye of the world; but to one that takes right views, Nabal looked very mean. He had no honour or honesty; he was churlish, cross, and ill-humoured; evil in his doings, hard and oppressive; a man that cared not what fraud and violence he used in getting and saving. What little reason have we to value the wealth of this world, when so great a churl as Nabal abounds, and so good a man as David suffers want!, David pleaded the kindness Nabal's shepherds had received. Considering that David's men were in distress and debt, and discontented, and the scarcity of provisions, it was by good management that they were kept from plundering. Nabal went into a passion, as covetous men are apt to do, when asked for any thing, thinking thus to cover one sin with another; and, by abusing the poor, to excuse themselves from relieving them. But God will not thus be mocked. Let this help us to bear reproaches and misrepresentations with patience and cheerfulness, and make us easy under them; it has often been the lot of the excellent ones of the earth. Nabal insists much on the property he had in the provisions of his table. May he not do what he will with his own? We mistake, if we think we are absolute lords of what we have, and may do what we please with it. No; we are but stewards, and must use it as we are directed, remembering it is not our own, but His who intrusted us with it.
【삼상25:3 JFB】3. he was of the house of Caleb—of course, of the same tribe with David himself; but many versions consider Caleb ("dog") not as a proper, but a common noun, and render it, "he was snappish as a dog."
【삼상25:4 JFB】4-9. Nabal did shear his sheep, and David sent out ten young men, &c.—David and his men lurked in these deserts, associating with the herdsmen and shepherds of Nabal and others and doing them good offices, probably in return for information and supplies obtained through them. Hence when Nabal held his annual sheep-shearing in Carmel, David felt himself entitled to share in the festival and sent a message, recounting his own services and asking for a present. "In all these particulars we were deeply struck with the truth and strength of the biblical description of manners and customs almost identically the same as they exist at the present day. On such a festive occasion, near a town or village, even in our own time, an Arab sheik of the neighboring desert would hardly fail to put in a word either in person or by message; and his message, both in form and substance, would be only a transcript of that of David" [Robinson].
【삼상25:10 JFB】삼상25:10-13. The Churlish Answer Provokes Him.
10-12. Nabal answered David's servants, … Who is David? &c.—Nabal's answer seems to indicate that the country was at the time in a loose and disorderly state. David's own good conduct, however, as well as the important services rendered by him and his men, were readily attested by Nabal's servants. The preparations of David to chastise his insolent language and ungrateful requital are exactly what would be done in the present day by Arab chiefs, who protect the cattle of the large and wealthy sheep masters from the attacks of the marauding border tribes or wild beasts. Their protection creates a claim for some kind of tribute, in the shape of supplies of food and necessaries, which is usually given with great good will and gratitude; but when withheld, is enforced as a right. Nabal's refusal, therefore, was a violation of the established usages of the place.
【삼상25:12 MHCC】God is kind to the evil and unthankful, and why may not we be so? David determined to destroy Nabal, and all that belonged to him. Is this thy voice, O David? Has he been so long in the school of affliction, where he should have learned patience, and yet is so passionate? He at other times was calm and considerate, but is put into such a heat by a few hard words, that he seeks to destroy a whole family. What are the best of men, when God leaves them to themselves, that they may know what is in their hearts? What need to pray, Lord, lead us not into temptation!
【삼상25:13 JFB】13. two hundred abode by the stuff—This addition to his followers was made after his return into Judah (see 삼상22:2).
【삼상25:14 JFB】삼상25:14-35. Abigail Pacifies Him.
【삼상25:18 JFB】14-18. Then Abigail made haste—The prudence and address of Nabal's wife were the means of saving him and family from utter destruction. She acknowledged the demand of her formidable neighbors; but justly considering, that to atone for the insolence of her husband, a greater degree of liberality had become necessary, she collected a large amount of food, accompanying it with the most valued products of the country.
bottles—goatskins, capable of holding a great quantity.
parched corn—It was customary to eat parched corn when it was fully grown, but not ripe.
【삼상25:18 MHCC】By a present Abigail atoned for Nabal's denial of David's request. Her behaviour was very submissive. Yielding pacifies great offences. She puts herself in the place of a penitent, and of a petitioner. She could not excuse her husband's conduct. She depends not upon her own reasonings, but on God's grace, to soften David, and expects that grace would work powerfully. She says that it was below him to take vengeance on so weak and despicable an enemy as Nabal, who, as he would do him no kindness, so he could do him no hurt. She foretells the glorious end of David's present troubles. God will preserve thy life; therefore it becomes not thee unjustly and unnecessarily to take away the lives of any, especially of the people of thy God and Saviour. Abigail keeps this argument for the last, as very powerful with so good a man; that the less he indulged his passion, the more he consulted his peace and the repose of his own conscience. Many have done that in a heat, which they have a thousand times wished undone again. The sweetness of revenge is soon turned into bitterness. When tempted to sin, we should consider how it will appear when we think upon it afterwards.
【삼상25:19 JFB】19. she said unto her servants, Go on before me; behold, I come after you—People in the East always try to produce an effect by their presents, loading on several beasts what might be easily carried by one, and bringing them forward, article by article, in succession. Abigail not only sent her servants in this way, but resolved to go in person, following her present, as is commonly done, to watch the impression which her munificence would produce.
【삼상25:23 JFB】23. she hasted, and lighted off the ass, and fell before David on her face—Dismounting in presence of a superior is the highest token of respect that can be given; and it is still an essential act of homage to the great. Accompanying this act of courtesy with the lowest form of prostration, she not only by her attitude, but her language, made the fullest amends for the disrespect shown by her husband, as well as paid the fullest tribute of respect to the character and claims of David.
【삼상25:25 JFB】25. Nabal—signifying fool, gave pertinence to his wife's remark.
【삼상25:26 JFB】26. let thine enemies … be as Nabal—be as foolish and contemptible as he.
【삼상25:29 JFB】29. the soul of my lord shall be bound in the bundle of life with the Lord thy God—An Orientalism, expressing the perfect security of David's life from all the assaults of his enemies, under the protecting shield of Providence, who had destined him for high things.
【삼상25:32 JFB】32-35. David said to Abigail, Blessed be the Lord—Transported by passion and blinded by revenge, he was on the eve of perpetrating a great injury. Doubtless, the timely appearance and prudent address of Abigail were greatly instrumental in changing his purpose. At all events, it was the means of opening his eyes to the moral character of the course on which he had been impetuously rushing; and in accepting her present, he speaks with lively satisfaction as well as gratitude to Abigail, for having relieved him from bloodshed.
【삼상25:32 MHCC】David gives God thanks for sending him this happy check in a sinful way. Whoever meet us with counsel, direction, comfort, caution, or seasonable reproof, we must see God sending them. We ought to be very thankful for those happy providences which are the means of keeping us from sinning. Most people think it enough, if they take reproof patiently; but few will take it thankfully, and commend those who give it, and accept it as a favour. The nearer we are to committing sin, the greater is the mercy of a seasonable restraint. Sinners are often most secure when most in danger. He was very drunk. A sign he was Nabal, a fool, that could not use plenty without abusing it; who could not be pleasant with his friends without making a beast of himself. There is not a surer sign that a man has but little wisdom, nor a surer way to destroy the little he has, than drinking to excess. Next morning, how he is changed! His heart overnight merry with wine, next morning heavy as a stone; so deceitful are carnal pleasures, so soon passes the laughter of the fool; the end of that mirth is heaviness. Drunkards are sad, when they reflect upon their own folly. About ten days after, the Lord smote Nabal, that he died. David blessed God that he had been kept from killing Nabal. Worldly sorrow, mortified pride, and an affrighted conscience, sometimes end the joys of the sensualist, and separate the covetous man from his wealth; but, whatever the weapon, the Lord smites men with death when it pleases him.
【삼상25:36 JFB】삼상25:36-44. Nabal's Death.
36. he held a feast in his house, like the feast of a king—The sheep-shearing season was always a very joyous occasion. Masters usually entertained their shepherds; and even Nabal, though of a most niggardly disposition, prepared festivities on a scale of sumptuous liberality. The modern Arabs celebrate the season with similar hilarity.
【삼상25:37 JFB】37, 38. in the morning … his wife had told him these things, that his heart died within him—He probably fainted from horror at the perilous situation in which he had unconsciously placed himself; and such a shock had been given him by the fright to his whole system, that he rapidly pined and died.
【삼상25:39 JFB】39-42. the Lord hath returned the wickedness of Nabal upon his own head—If this was an expression of pleasure, and David's vindictive feelings were gratified by the intelligence of Nabal's death, it was an instance of human infirmity which we may lament; but perhaps he referred to the unmerited reproach (삼상25:10, 11), and the contempt of God implied in it.
David sent and communed with Abigail, to take her to wife—This unceremonious proceeding was quite in the style of Eastern monarchs, who no sooner take a fancy for a lady than they despatch a messenger to intimate their royal wishes that she should henceforth reside in the palace; and her duty is implicitly to obey. David's conduct shows that the manners of the Eastern nations were already imitated by the great men in Israel; and that the morality of the times which God permitted, gave its sanction to the practice of polygamy. His marriage with Abigail brought him a rich estate.
【삼상25:40 MHCC】Abigail believed that David would be king over Israel, and greatly esteemed his pious and excellent character. She deemed his proposal of marriage honourable, and advantageous to her, notwithstanding his present difficulties. With great humility, and doubtless agreeably to the customs of those times, she consented, being willing to share his trails. Thus those who join themselves to Christ, must be willing now to suffer with him, believing that hereafter they shall reign with him.
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