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1. 요아스가 위에 나아갈 때에 나이 칠 세라 예루살렘에서 사십 년을 치리하니라 그 모친의 이름은 시비아라 브엘세바 사람이더라
Joash was seven years old when he began to reign , and he reigned forty years in Jerusalem . His mother’s name also was Zibiah of Beer–sheba .
2. 제사장 여호야다가 세상에 사는 모든 날에 요아스가 여호와 보시기에 정직히 행하였으며
And Joash did that which was right in the sight of the Lord all the days of Jehoiada the priest .
3. 여호야다가 왕으로 두 아내에게 장가들게 하였더니 자녀를 낳았더라
And Jehoiada took for him two wives ; and he begat sons and daughters .
4. 그 후에 요아스가 여호와의 전을 중수할 뜻을 두고
And it came to pass after this, that Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord .
5. 제사장과 레위 사람을 모으고 저희에게 이르되 너희는 유다 여러 성읍에 가서 이스라엘 무리에게 해마다 너희 하나님의 전을 수리할 돈을 거두되 그 일을 빨리 하라 하였으나 레위 사람이 빨리 하지 아니한지라
And he gathered together the priests and the Levites , and said to them, Go out unto the cities of Judah , and gather of all Israel money to repair the house of your God from year to year , and see that ye hasten the matter . Howbeit the Levites hastened it not.
6. 왕이 대제사장 여호야다를 불러 이르되 네가 어찌하여 레위 사람을 시켜서 여호와의 종 모세와 이스라엘의 회중이 법막을 위하여 정한 세를 유다와 예루살렘에서 거두게 하지 아니하였느냐 하니
And the king called for Jehoiada the chief , and said unto him, Why hast thou not required of the Levites to bring in out of Judah and out of Jerusalem the collection , according to the commandment of Moses the servant of the Lord , and of the congregation of Israel , for the tabernacle of witness ?
7. 이는 그 악한 여인 아달랴의 아들들이 하나님의 전을 깨뜨리고 또 여호와의 전의 모든 성물을 바알들에게 드렸음이었더라
For the sons of Athaliah , that wicked woman, had broken up the house of God ; and also all the dedicated things of the house of the Lord did they bestow upon Baalim .
8. 이에 왕이 명하여 한 궤를 만들어 여호와의 전 문밖에 두게 하고
And at the king’s commandment they made a chest , and set it without at the gate of the house of the Lord .
9. 유다와 예루살렘에 반포하여 하나님의 종 모세가 광야에서 이스라엘에게 정한 세를 여호와께 드리라 하였더니
And they made a proclamation through Judah and Jerusalem , to bring in to the Lord the collection that Moses the servant of God laid upon Israel in the wilderness .
10. 모든 방백과 백성들이 기뻐하며 마치기까지 돈을 가져다가 궤에 던진지라
And all the princes and all the people rejoiced , and brought in , and cast into the chest , until they had made an end .
11. 언제든지 레위 사람들이 궤를 메고 왕의 유사에게 가서 돈이 많은 것을 보면 왕의 서기관과 대제사장에게 속한 아전이 와서 그 궤를 쏟고 다시 그 처소에 갖다 두었더라 때때로 이렇게 하여 돈을 많이 거두매
Now it came to pass, that at what time the chest was brought unto the king’s office by the hand of the Levites , and when they saw that there was much money , the king’s scribe and the high priest’s officer came and emptied the chest , and took it, and carried it to his place again . Thus they did day by day , and gathered money in abundance .
12. 왕과 여호야다가 그 돈을 여호와의 전 간역자에게 주어 석수와 목수를 고용하여 여호와의 전을 중수하며 또 철공장과 놋공장을 고용하여 여호와의 전을 수리하게 하였더니
And the king and Jehoiada gave it to such as did the work of the service of the house of the Lord , and hired masons and carpenters to repair the house of the Lord , and also such as wrought iron and brass to mend the house of the Lord .
13. 공장들이 맡아서 수리하는 역사가 점점 진취되므로 하나님의 전을 이전 모양대로 견고케 하니라
So the workmen wrought , and the work was perfected by them , and they set the house of God in his state , and strengthened it.
14. 필역한 후에 그 남은 돈을 왕과 여호야다의 앞으로 가져온고로 그것으로 여호와의 전에 쓸 그릇을 만들었으니 곧 섬겨 제사 드리는 그릇이며 또 숟가락과 금, 은 그릇들이라 여호야다가 세상에 사는 모든 날에 여호와의 전에 항상 번제를 드렸더라
And when they had finished it, they brought the rest of the money before the king and Jehoiada , whereof were made vessels for the house of the Lord , even vessels to minister , and to offer withal, and spoons , and vessels of gold and silver . And they offered burnt offerings in the house of the Lord continually all the days of Jehoiada .
15. 여호야다가 나이 많고 늙어서 죽으니 죽을 때에 일백삼십 세라
But Jehoiada waxed old , and was full of days when he died ; an hundred and thirty years old was he when he died .
16. 무리가 다윗 성 열왕의 묘실 중에 장사하였으니 이는 저가 이스라엘과 하나님과 그 전에 대하여 선을 행하였음이더라
And they buried him in the city of David among the kings , because he had done good in Israel , both toward God , and toward his house .
17. 여호야다가 죽은 후에 유다 방백들이 와서 왕에게 절하매 왕이 그의 말을 듣고
Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah , and made obeisance to the king . Then the king hearkened unto them.
18. 그 열조의 하나님 여호와의 전을 버리고 아세라 목상과 우상을 섬긴고로 이 죄로 인하여 진노가 유다와 예루살렘에 임하니라
And they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers , and served groves and idols : and wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem for this their trespass .
19. 그러나 여호와께서 선지자를 저에게 보내사 다시 자기에게로 돌아오게 하려 하시매 선지자들이 저에게 경계하나 듣지 아니하니라
Yet he sent prophets to them, to bring them again unto the Lord ; and they testified against them: but they would not give ear .
20. 이에 하나님의 신이 제사장 여호야다의 아들 스가랴를 감동시키시매 저가 백성 앞에 높이 서서 저희에게 이르되 여호와께서 말씀하시기를 너희가 어찌하여 여호와의 명령을 거역하여 스스로 형통치 못하게 하느냐 하셨나니 너희가 여호와를 버린고로 여호와께서도 너희를 버리셨느니라 하나
And the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada the priest , which stood above the people , and said unto them, Thus saith God , Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord , that ye cannot prosper ? because ye have forsaken the Lord , he hath also forsaken you.
21. 무리가 함께 꾀하고 왕의 명을 좇아 여호와의 전 뜰 안에서 돌로 쳐 죽였더라
And they conspired against him, and stoned him with stones at the commandment of the king in the court of the house of the Lord .
22. 요아스 왕이 이와 같이 스가랴의 아비 여호야다의 베푼 은혜를 생각지 아니하고 그 아들을 죽이니 저가 죽을 때에 이르되 여호와는 감찰하시고 신원하여 주옵소서 하니라
Thus Joash the king remembered not the kindness which Jehoiada his father had done to him, but slew his son . And when he died , he said , The Lord look upon it, and require it.
23. 일주년 후에 아람 군대가 요아스를 치려 하여 올라와서 유다와 예루살렘에 이르러 백성 중에서 그 모든 방백을 멸절하고 노략한 물건을 다메섹 왕에게로 보내니라
And it came to pass at the end of the year , that the host of Syria came up against him: and they came to Judah and Jerusalem , and destroyed all the princes of the people from among the people , and sent all the spoil of them unto the king of Damascus .
24. 아람 군대가 적은 무리로 왔으나 여호와께서 심히 큰 군대를 그 손에 붙이셨으니 이는 유다 사람이 그 열조의 하나님 여호와를 버렸음이라 이와 같이 아람 사람이 요아스를 징벌하였더라
For the army of the Syrians came with a small company of men , and the Lord delivered a very great host into their hand , because they had forsaken the Lord God of their fathers . So they executed judgment against Joash .
25. 요아스가 크게 상하매 적군이 버리고 간 후에 그 신복들이 제사장 여호야다의 아들들의 피로 인하여 모반하여 그 침상에서 쳐 죽인지라 다윗 성에 장사하였으나 열왕의 묘실에는 장사하지 아니하였더라
And when they were departed from him, (for they left him in great diseases ,) his own servants conspired against him for the blood of the sons of Jehoiada the priest , and slew him on his bed , and he died : and they buried him in the city of David , but they buried him not in the sepulchres of the kings .
26. 모반한 자는 암몬 여인 시므앗의 아들 시밧과 모압 여인 시므릿의 아들 여호사밧이더라
And these are they that conspired against him; Zabad the son of Shimeath an Ammonitess , and Jehozabad the son of Shimrith a Moabitess .
27. 요아스의 아들들의 사적과 요아스의 중대한 경책을 받은 것과 하나님의 전 중수한 사적은 다 열왕기 주석에 기록되니라 그 아들 아마샤가 대신하여 왕이 되니라
Now concerning his sons , and the greatness of the burdens laid upon him, and the repairing of the house of God , behold, they are written in the story of the book of the kings . And Amaziah his son reigned in his stead.
■ 주석 보기
【대하24:1 JFB】대하24:1-14. Joash Reigns Well All the Days of Jehoiada.
1-3. Joash … began to reign—(See on 왕하12:1-3).
【대하24:1 CWC】[JEHORAM TO HEZEKIAH]
1. Jehoram, c. 21.
Jehoshaphat followed Rehoboam's example in arranging for his sons (v. 3), but without the hoped-for result (v. 4). Such a brother as Jehoram proved might be expected to act in his kingly capacity as verses five to seven testify. "Elijah" (v. 12) may be mistaken of the transcribers for "Elisha," as the former died earlier (2 Kings 2); unless we take the view in the margin that this was a "writing" he left behind him. For the fulfillment of this "writing" read the rest of the chapter. We had a much fuller account of this reign in 2 Kings.
2. Ahaziah, c. 22.
This king is called "Jehoahaz" in the preceding chapter (v. 17). The peculiarity in the figures {22:2) was noticed in 왕하8:26, and the fact that his mother was the grand-daughter of Omri (v. 2). Note her influence (v. 3) like that of the mother of what other king recently considered?
In the story of verses five to nine, it is of interest to know that archaeological research has found the names of Hazael and Jehu on the Assyrian sculptures.
Athaliah's motive (v. 10) may have been inspired partly by anger at the destruction of her own house of Ahab, partly by the necessity of self-defense against Jehu, and partly by pride and ambition, since if any of the young princes became king his mother would supersede her in power and dignity.
Verse 12 means that the priests and their families, some of them at least, were privileged to dwell in the buildings in the outer wall of the temple.
3. Joash, cc. 23, 24.
"Chief of the fathers of Israel" (23:2), means Judah and Benjamin only, the name usually employed in this book for all that remained of Israel. 2 Chronicles 24: 15-22 has no parallel in Kings. It mentions the honor shown Jehoiada. Burial in cities, except Jerusalem, was prohibited, and in that case only allowed to kings. What request did the princes make to the king after the death of the faithful priest (v. 17)? Does the next verse indicate its character? And was the king himself guilty (v. 21)? Compare 마23:29-35. In this last passage Christ speaks of the slain prophet as the son of Barachias instead of Jehoiada, but possibly he was the latter's grandson. In his death the prophet said: "The Lord shall see and require" (v. 22), and for the fulfillment of the warning read the chapter to the end.
4. Amaziah, c. 25.
This history is divided into three parts: (1) the general account of the reign, and its spirit, especially at the beginning (vv. 1-4); (2) the conquest of the Edomites (vv, 5-13); (3) the idolatry of the king and its punishment at the hands of Israel (vv. 14-28). The second of these events is given with detail not found in the earlier record, and is valuable for the reply of God's servant to the king (v. 9), the lesson of which should not be disregarded. The third event also contains new matter (vv. 14-16), which explains why the calamity of the following verses was permitted.
5. Uzziah, c. 26.
Two periods suggest themselves in this case, early obedience and prosperity (vv. 1-15), and then pride and punishment (vv. 16-23). A comparison of the record of the first period with 2 Kings 14 and 15 shows new matter illustrating Uzziah's prosperity, who is there called "Azariah." This latter name is that of the Assyrian inscriptions also. Do not let verse five escape. "He sought God in the days of Zechariah, who had understanding in the visions of God." How valuable the prophets in the history of God's people, and especially those who understand the visions of God! There is a difference in prophets. Some understand what others do not. How necessary, therefore, that the Scripture interpreter should fear the Lord that he may possess his secrets.
Uzziah desired to exercise regal and sacerdotal functions at the same time, as in the case of pagan kings and emperors, but which was contrary to the divine law (Ex, 30, Num. 18). For the sin, compare 1 Samuel 13, and the punishment, Numbers 12, 2 Kings 5.
6. Jotham and Ahaz, cc. 27, 28.
Of Jotham's reign little need be said except to call attention to the lesson in verse six. The story of Ahaz is divided into four parts: (1) his general character and reign (vv. 1-5); (2) the invasions by Syria and Israel (vv. 6-15); (3) the alliance with Assyria (vv. 16-21); (4) the summary (vv. 22-27).
There is much that is new as compared with Kings, but the prophetic intercession for Judah with their brethren of Israel is particularly interesting (vv. 9-15). Was it their power, or God's judicial sentence that caused Israel to be victorious (v. 9)? How had they abused their opportunity? What should make them cautious and merciful (v. 10)? Verses 12-15 accord with the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10), and Christ may have drawn upon this episode.
Ahaz's alliance with Assyria is attested by the Assyrian monuments. In the summary of the close of his reign, what language (v. 24) indicates the suspension of the worship of God in his time?
7. Hezekiah, cc. 29-32.
After the beginning of Hezekiah's history, we have, in chapter 29, the cleansing and consecration of the temple. In 30, the great passover. In 31, the religious reforms following. In 32, Sennacherib's expedition, and Hezekiah's sickness and the close of the reign. In Kings the military and political side of the reign is given more fully, but not the inner religious and theocratic side, as we see by comparing chapters 29-31 with the introductory verses of 2 Kings 18.
Noting a few outstanding points, "all the uncleanness" (29:16) means probably the sacrificial vessels formerly employed in idolatry, and possibly the remains of idolatrous offerings. "Ye have filled your hand unto the Lord" (v. 31 margin), means they had consecrated themselves to God (출28:41) after offering the expiatory sacrifices which preceded such consecration. Keep in mind that God accepts nothing from us as either gift or service until He accepts us. And we can be accepted only on the ground of the expiatory sacrifice of Christ. Note the last word of this chapter in the light of its context. That is the way a revival comes. O, that God would now surprise us with one!
Why could they not keep the passover in the appointed first month (30:2-4)? Was a change ever permissible (민9:6-13)? Note the breadth of the invitation (vv. 5-9), and the reception it met from Israel (vv. 10, 11). See the difficulty in the case of Judah and the cause of it (v. 12). "Healed the people" (v. 20) means forgave their guilt. "That they might be encouraged (steadfast) in the law of the Lord" (31:4), means that they might live care-free while performing their official duties.
Note that Hezekiah was a man of prayer and faith, who did not neglect means (32:1-8). To understand "he repaid not, etc.," (v. 25), compare 왕하20:12, etc. How disappointing this is in so good a man, and what a lesson it teaches as to the need of prayer and watchfulness to the end of our lives (v. 31).
【대하24:1 MHCC】Joash is more zealous about the repair of the temple than Jehoiada himself. It is easier to build temples, than to be temples to God. But the repairing of places for public worship is a good work, which all should promote. And many a good work would be done that now lies undone, if active men would put it forward.
【대하24:3 JFB】3. Jehoiada took for him two wives—As Jehoiada was now too old to contract such new alliances, the generality of interpreters apply this statement to the young king.
【대하24:4 JFB】4-14. Joash was minded to repair the house of the Lord—(See on 왕하12:4-16).
【대하24:15 JFB】대하24:15, 16. Jehoiada Being Dead.
15, 16. Jehoiada waxed old … and died—His life, protracted to unusual longevity and spent in the service of his country, deserved some tribute of public gratitude, and this was rendered in the posthumous honors that were bestowed on him. Among the Hebrews, intramural interment was prohibited in every city but Jerusalem, and there the exception was made only to the royal family and persons of eminent merit, on whom the distinction was conferred of being buried in the city of David, among the kings, as in the case of Jehoiada.
【대하24:15 MHCC】See what a great judgment on any prince or people, the death of godly, zealous, useful men is. See how necessary it is that we act in religion from inward principle. Then the loss of a parent, a minister, or a friend, will not be losing our religion. Often both princes and inferior people have been flattered to their ruin. True grace alone will enable a man to bring forth fruit unto the end. Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, being filled with the Spirit of prophecy, stood up, and told the people of their sin. This is the work of ministers, by the word of God, as a lamp and a light, to discover the sin of men, and expound the providences of God. They stoned Zechariah to death in the court of the house of the Lord. Observe the dying martyr's words: The Lord look upon it, and require it! This came not from a spirit of revenge, but a spirit of prophecy. God smote Joash with great diseases, of body, or mind, or both, before the Syrians departed from him. If vengeance pursue men, the end of one trouble will be but the beginning of another. His own servants slew him. These judgments are called the burdens laid upon him, for the wrath of God is a heavy burden, too heavy for any man to bear. May God help us to take warning, to be upright in heart, and to persevere in his ways to the end.
【대하24:17 JFB】대하24:17-22. Joash Falls into Idolatry.
17-22. Now came the princes of Judah, and make obeisance to the king—Hitherto, while Joash occupied the throne, his uncle had held the reins of sovereign power, and by his excellent counsels had directed the young king to such measures as were calculated to promote both the civil and religious interests of the country. The fervent piety, practical wisdom, and inflexible firmness of that sage counsellor exerted immense influence over all classes. But now that the helm of the state-ship was no longer steered by the sound head and firm hand of the venerable high priest, the real merits of Joash's administration appear; and for want of good and enlightened principle, as well as, perhaps, of natural energy of character, he allowed himself to be borne onward in a course which soon wrecked the vessel upon hidden rocks.
the king hearkened unto them, &c.—They were secretly attached to idolatry, and their elevated rank affords sad proof how extensively and deeply the nation had become corrupted during the reigns of Jehoram, Ahaziah, and Athaliah. With strong professions of allegiance they humbly requested that they might not be subjected to the continued necessity of frequent and expensive journeys to Jerusalem, but allowed the privilege their fathers had enjoyed of worshipping God in high places at home. They framed their petition in this plausible and least offensive manner, well knowing that, if excused attendance at the temple, they might—without risk of discovery or disturbance—indulge their tastes in the observance of any private rites they pleased. The weak-minded king granted their petition; and the consequence was, that when they left the house of the Lord God of their fathers, they soon "served groves and idols."
【대하24:18 JFB】18. wrath came upon Judah and Jerusalem—The particular mention of Jerusalem as involved in the sin implies that the neglect of the temple and the consequent idolatry received not only the king's toleration, but his sanction; and it naturally occurs to ask how, at his mature age, such a total abandonment of a place with which all his early recollections were associated can be accounted for. It has been suggested that what he had witnessed of the conduct of many of the priests in the careless performance of the worship, and especially their unwillingness to collect the money, as well as apply a portion of their revenues for the repairs of the temple, had alienated and disgusted him [Le Clerc].
【대하24:19 JFB】19. Yet he sent prophets—Elisha, Micah, Jehu son of Hanani, Jahaziel son of Zechariah (대하20:14), Eliezer son of Dodavah (대하20:37), lived and taught at that time. But all their prophetic warnings and denunciations were unheeded.
【대하24:20 JFB】20, 21. the Spirit of God came upon Zechariah the son of Jehoiada—probably a younger son, for his name does not occur in the list of Aaron's successors (대상6:4-47).
stood above the people—Being of the priestly order, he spoke from the inner court, which was considerably higher than that of the people.
and said unto them, Thus saith God, Why transgress ye the commandments of the Lord, that ye cannot prosper, &c.—His near relationship to the king might have created a feeling of delicacy and reluctance to interfere; but at length he, too, was prompted by an irresistible impulse to protest against the prevailing impiety. The bold freedom and energy of [Zechariah's] remonstrance, as well as his denunciation of the national calamities that would certainly follow, were most unpalatable to the king; while they so roused the fierce passions of the multitude that a band of miscreants, at the secret instigation of Joash, stoned him to death. This deed of violence involved complicated criminality on the part of the king. It was a horrid outrage on a prophet of the Lord—base ingratitude to a family who had preserved his life—atrocious treatment of a true Hebrew patriot—an illegal and unrighteous exercise of his power and authority as a king.
【대하24:22 JFB】22. when he died, he said, The Lord look upon it and require it—These dying words, if they implied a vindictive imprecation, exhibit a striking contrast to the spirit of the first Christian martyr (행7:60). But, instead of being the expression of a personal wish, they might be the utterance of a prophetic doom.
【대하24:23 JFB】대하24:23-27. He Is Slain by His Servants.
23. at the end of the year the host of Syria came up—This invasion took place under the personal conduct of Hazael, whom Joash, to save the miseries of a siege, prevailed on to withdraw his forces by a large present of gold (왕하12:18). Most probably, also, he promised the payment of an annual tribute, on the neglect or refusal of which the Syrians returned the following year, and with a mere handful of men inflicted a total and humiliating defeat on the collected force of the Hebrews.
【대하24:25 JFB】25. they left him in great diseases—The close of his life was embittered by a painful malady, which long confined him to bed.
his own servants conspired against him—These two conspirators (whose fathers were Jews, but their mothers aliens) were probably courtiers, who, having constant access to the bedchamber, could the more easily execute their design.
for the blood of the sons—read "the son" of Jehoiada. Public opinion seems to have ascribed the disasters of his life and reign to that foul crime. And as the king had long lost the esteem and respect of his subjects, neither horror nor sorrow was expressed for his miserable end!
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.