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■ 고린도전서 13장
1. 내가 사람의 방언과 천사의 말을 할지라도 사랑이 없으면 소리나는 구리와 울리는 꽹과리가 되고
Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels , and have not charity , I am become as sounding brass , or a tinkling cymbal .
2. 내가 예언하는 능이 있어 모든 비밀과 모든 지식을 알고 또 산을 옮길 만한 모든 믿음이 있을지라도 사랑이 없으면 내가 아무 것도 아니요
And though I have the gift of prophecy , and understand all mysteries , and all knowledge ; and though I have all faith , so that I could remove mountains , and have not charity , I am nothing .
3. 내가 내게 있는 모든 것으로 구제하고 또 내 몸을 불사르게 내어 줄지라도 사랑이 없으면 내게 아무 유익이 없느니라
And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned , and have not charity , it profiteth me nothing .
4. 사랑은 오래 참고 사랑은 온유하며 투기하는 자가 되지 아니하며 사랑은 자랑하지 아니하며 교만하지 아니하며
Charity suffereth long , and is kind ; charity envieth not ; charity vaunteth not itself , is not puffed up ,
5. 무례히 행치 아니하며 자기의 유익을 구치 아니하며 성내지 아니하며 악한 것을 생각지 아니하며
Doth not behave itself unseemly , seeketh not her own , is not easily provoked , thinketh no evil ;
6. 불의를 기뻐하지 아니하며 진리와 함께 기뻐하고
Rejoiceth not in iniquity , but rejoiceth in the truth ;
7. 모든 것을 참으며 모든 것을 믿으며 모든 것을 바라며 모든 것을 견디느니라
Beareth all things , believeth all things , hopeth all things , endureth all things .
8. 사랑은 언제까지든지 떨어지지 아니하나 예언도 폐하고 방언도 그치고 지식도 폐하리라
Charity never faileth : but whether there be prophecies , they shall fail ; whether there be tongues , they shall cease ; whether there be knowledge , it shall vanish away .
9. 우리가 부분적으로 알고 부분적으로 예언하니
For we know in part , and we prophesy in part .
10. 온전한 것이 올 때에는 부분적으로 하던 것이 폐하리라
But when that which is perfect is come , then that which is in part shall be done away .
11. 내가 어렸을 때에는 말하는 것이 어린 아이와 같고 깨닫는 것이 어린 아이와 같고 생각하는 것이 어린 아이와 같다가 장성한 사람이 되어서는 어린 아이의 일을 버렸노라
When I was a child , I spake as a child , I understood as a child , I thought as a child : but when I became a man , I put away childish things .
12. 우리가 이제는 거울로 보는 것 같이 희미하나 그 때에는 얼굴과 얼굴을 대하여 볼 것이요 이제는 내가 부분적으로 아나 그 때에는 주께서 나를 아신 것 같이 내가 온전히 알리라
For now we see through a glass , darkly ; but then face to face : now I know in part ; but then shall I know even as also I am known .
13. 그런즉 믿음, 소망, 사랑, 이 세가지는 항상 있을 것인데 그 중에 제일은 사랑이라
And now abideth faith , hope , charity , these three ; but the greatest of these is charity .
■ 주석 보기
【고전13:1 JFB】고전13:1-13. Charity or Love Superior to All Gifts.
The New Testament psalm of love, as the forty-fifth Psalm (see 시45:1, title) and the Song of Solomon in the Old Testament.
1. tongues—from these he ascends to "prophecy" (고전13:2); then, to "faith"; then to benevolent and self-sacrificing deeds: a climax. He does not except even himself, and so passes from addressing them ("unto you," 고전12:31) to putting the case in his own person, "Though I," &c.
speak with the tongues—with the eloquence which was so much admired at Corinth (for example, Apollos, 행18:24; compare 고전1:12; 3:21, 22), and with the command of various languages, which some at Corinth abused to purposes of mere ostentation (고전14:2, &c.).
of angels—higher than men, and therefore, it is to be supposed, speaking a more exalted language.
charity—the principle of the ordinary and more important gifts of the Spirit, as contrasted with the extraordinary gifts (고전12:1-31).
sounding … tinkling—sound without soul or feeling: such are "tongues" without charity.
cymbal—Two kinds are noticed (시150:5), the loud or clear, and the high-sounding one: hand cymbals and finger cymbals, or castanets. The sound is sharp and piercing.
【고전13:1 CWC】The theme of this lesson is closely related to the preceding, for the church disorders included not only unbecoming conduct of the women in the public assembly, and an unworthy observance of the Lord's supper, but an unholy emulation in the matter of spiritual gifts.
1. After a brief introduction (vv. 1-3), the apostle discusses the origin of these gifts as not natural to the believer, but the special bestowment of God. God the Father is the worker of them, God the Spirit their distributor, and God the Son the One on Whose behalf they are administered (12:4-6).
2. As to their nature, there are nine -- wisdom, knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, prophecy, discerning of spirits, tongues and interpretation of tongues (vv. 7-11). Of course, the above means "wisdom" and "knowledge" in the things of God; "faith," not merely for the acceptance of Christ, which is assumed, but for special purposes or objects, "prophecy," not in the sense of foretelling, but forth-telling, speaking "to edification, exhortation and comfort" (14:3).
3. The object and use of the gifts is for the profit of the whole body of Christ, into which believers have been baptized by the Holy Spirit (vv. 12, 13). They are in Christ what the foot, the hand, the ear, the eyes are in the human body (vv. 14-21). Hence honor, unity, sympathy, and mutual joyfulness should pervade and prevail (vv. 22-26). There are differences among these gifts, and the best are to be coveted, but all depend on the spirit in which they are exercised (vv. 27-31).
4. This leads the apostle to speak of the abuse of the gifts of which the Corinthians had been guilty, and which consumes the whole of chapter 13. Of what value is any of these gifts to their possessors without "love," which is the meaning of "charity" in this chapter (vv. 1-3). Love is now defined (vv. 4-7) and its supremacy and permanency affirmed (vv. 8-13). A time is coming when prophesying and speaking with tongues will be no longer required, and the knowledge we now have will appear childish in comparison with what we shall have, but not so with love, which, like faith and hope, is eternal. Therefore follow after love (14:1).
Speaking With Tongues.
5. Returning to the choice among the gifts the preference is given to prophesying (14:1-25), especially as compared with "tongues," because the latter had been the chief cause of the unholy emulation referred to, and also of gross disorder in the public assembly. The value of prophesying is stated in verse 3. "Tongues" should not be exercised unless an interpreter is present (v. 5), and for the reasons indicated (vv. 6-14). Paul's own custom or example is now stated (vv. 15-19), an exhortation follows (v. 20), and a declaration of the purpose of "tongues" concludes this part of the subject (vv. 21-25).
"Tongues" are a sign not for believers but unbelievers, and not for their conversion evidently, but simply as a demonstration of Divine power. It is far different with prophesying, which practically is identical with preaching and testimony, for this serves both for believers and unbelievers.
6. The order in which the gifts are to be publicly exercised in now given (vv. 26-35). The form of worship was very democratic, the people generally participating, reciting psalms, giving instruction, speaking with tongues, interpreting tongues, uttering a "revelation." As to this last, it would appear that until the New Testament was written, new revelations suited to the new dispensation were given to certain of the prophets. Care was to be taken that not more than two or three should speak in an unknown tongue, and not all at once, but one by one. Moreover, in the absence of an interpreter they should not speak at all. The same method should be followed by the prophets. Nor let any say when he felt a desire to speak, that he could not wait until another had concluded (vv. 32, 33).
In such meetings when the whole church came together in one place, women were to keep silence. This is the interpretation the Scofield Bible puts on verses 34 and 35, but there is a difficulty here in the light of 1 Cor. 11, where women are not forbidden to pray and prophesy in public.
7. The contentious spirit of the church is rebuked as in chapter 11. They were evidently seeking to establish a precedent of their own in these matters (v. 36), but that which Paul is writing to them is the commandment of the Lord (v. 37). Whatsoever they did was to be done "decently and in order," (v. 40).
【고전13:1 MHCC】The excellent way had in view in the close of the former chapter, is not what is meant by charity in our common use of the word, almsgiving, but love in its fullest meaning; true love to God and man. Without this, the most glorious gifts are of no account to us, of no esteem in the sight of God. A clear head and a deep understanding, are of no value without a benevolent and charitable heart. There may be an open and lavish hand, where there is not a liberal and charitable heart. Doing good to others will do none to us, if it be not done from love to God, and good-will to men. If we give away all we have, while we withhold the heart from God, it will not profit. Nor even the most painful sufferings. How are those deluded who look for acceptance and reward for their good works, which are as scanty and defective as they are corrupt and selfish!
【고전13:2 JFB】2. mysteries—(롬11:25; 16:25). Mysteries refer to the deep counsels of God hitherto secret, but now revealed to His saints. Knowledge, to truths long known.
faith … remove mountains—(마17:20; 21:21). The practical power of the will elevated by faith [Neander]; confidence in God that the miraculous result will surely follow the exercise of the will at the secret impulse of His Spirit. Without "love" prophecy, knowledge, and faith, are not what they seem (compare 고전8:1, 2; 마7:22; 약2:14; compare 고전13:8), and so fail of the heavenly reward (마6:2). Thus Paul, who teaches justification by faith only (롬3:4, 5; 갈2:16; 3:7-14), is shown to agree with James, who teaches (약2:24) "by works" (that is, by LOVE, which is the "spirit" of faith, 약2:26) a man is justified, "and not by faith only."
【고전13:3 JFB】3. bestow … goods … poor—literally, "dole out in food" all my goods; one of the highest functions of the "helps" (고전12:28).
give … body to be burned—literally, "to such a degree as that I should be burned." As the three youths did (단3:28), "yielded their bodies" (compare 고후12:15). These are most noble exemplifications of love in giving and in suffering. Yet they may be without love; in which case the "goods" and "body" are given, but not the soul, which is the sphere of love. Without the soul God rejects all else, and so rejects the man, who is therefore "profited" nothing (마16:26; Lu 9:23-25). Men will fight for Christianity, and die for Christianity, but not live in its spirit, which is love.
【고전13:4 JFB】4. suffereth long—under provocations of evil from others. The negative side of love.
is kind—the positive side. Extending good to others. Compare with love's features here those of the "wisdom from above" (약3:17).
envieth—The Greek includes also jealousy.
vaunteth not—in words, even of gifts which it really possesses; an indirect rebuke of those at Corinth who used the gift of tongues for mere display.
not puffed up—with party zeal, as some at Corinth were (고전4:6).
【고전13:4 MHCC】Some of the effects of charity are stated, that we may know whether we have this grace; and that if we have not, we may not rest till we have it. This love is a clear proof of regeneration, and is a touchstone of our professed faith in Christ. In this beautiful description of the nature and effects of love, it is meant to show the Corinthians that their conduct had, in many respects, been a contrast to it. Charity is an utter enemy to selfishness; it does not desire or seek its own praise, or honour, or profit, or pleasure. Not that charity destroys all regard to ourselves, or that the charitable man should neglect himself and all his interests. But charity never seeks its own to the hurt of others, or to neglect others. It ever prefers the welfare of others to its private advantage. How good-natured and amiable is Christian charity! How excellent would Christianity appear to the world, if those who profess it were more under this Divine principle, and paid due regard to the command on which its blessed Author laid the chief stress! Let us ask whether this Divine love dwells in our hearts. Has this principle guided us into becoming behaviour to all men? Are we willing to lay aside selfish objects and aims? Here is a call to watchfulness, diligence, and prayer.
【고전13:5 JFB】5. not … unseemly—is not uncourteous, or inattentive to civility and propriety.
thinketh no evil—imputeth not evil [Alford]; literally, "the evil" which actually is there (잠10:12; 벧전4:8). Love makes allowances for the falls of others, and is ready to put on them a charitable construction. Love, so far from devising evil against another, excuses "the evil" which another inflicts on her [Estius]; doth not meditate upon evil inflicted by another [Bengel]; and in doubtful cases, takes the more charitable view [Grotius].
【고전13:6 JFB】6. rejoiceth in the truth—rather, "rejoiceth with the truth." Exults not at the perpetration of iniquity (unrighteousness) by others (compare 창9:22, 23), but rejoices when the truth rejoices; sympathizes with it in its triumphs (2Jo 4). See the opposite (딤후3:8), "Resist the truth." So "the truth" and "unrighteousness" are contrasted (롬2:8). "The truth" is the Gospel truth, the inseparable ally of love (엡4:15; 2Jo 12). The false charity which compromises "the truth" by glossing over "iniquity" or unrighteousness is thus tacitly condemned (잠17:15).
【고전13:7 JFB】7. Beareth all things—without speaking of what it has to bear. The same Greek verb as in 고전9:12. It endures without divulging to the world personal distress. Literally said of holding fast like a watertight vessel; so the charitable man contains himself in silence from giving vent to what selfishness would prompt under personal hardship.
believeth all things—unsuspiciously believes all that is not palpably false, all that it can with a good conscience believe to the credit of another. Compare 약3:17, "easy to be entreated"; Greek, "easily persuaded."
hopeth—what is good of another, even when others have ceased to hope.
endureth—persecutions in a patient and loving spirit.
【고전13:8 JFB】8. never faileth—never is to be out of use; it always holds its place.
shall fail … vanish away—The same Greek verb is used for both; and that different from the Greek verb for "faileth." Translate, "Shall be done away with," that is, shall be dispensed with at the Lord's coming, being superseded by their more perfect heavenly analogues; for instance, knowledge by intuition. Of "tongues," which are still more temporary, the verb is "shall cease." A primary fulfilment of Paul's statement took place when the Church attained its maturity; then "tongues" entirely "ceased," and "prophesyings" and "knowledge," so far as they were supernatural gifts of the Spirit, were superseded as no longer required when the ordinary preaching of the word, and the Scriptures of the New Testament collected together, had become established institutions.
【고전13:8 MHCC】Charity is much to be preferred to the gifts on which the Corinthians prided themselves. From its longer continuance. It is a grace, lasting as eternity. The present state is a state of childhood, the future that of manhood. Such is the difference between earth and heaven. What narrow views, what confused notions of things, have children when compared with grown men! Thus shall we think of our most valued gifts of this world, when we come to heaven. All things are dark and confused now, compared with what they will be hereafter. They can only be seen as by the reflection in a mirror, or in the description of a riddle; but hereafter our knowledge will be free from all obscurity and error. It is the light of heaven only, that will remove all clouds and darkness that hide the face of God from us. To sum up the excellences of charity, it is preferred not only to gifts, but to other graces, to faith and hope. Faith fixes on the Divine revelation, and assents thereto, relying on the Divine Redeemer. Hope fastens on future happiness, and waits for that; but in heaven, faith will be swallowed up in actual sight, and hope in enjoyment. There is no room to believe and hope, when we see and enjoy. But there, love will be made perfect. There we shall perfectly love God. And there we shall perfectly love one another. Blessed state! how much surpassing the best below! God is love, 요일4:8, 16. Where God is to be seen as he is, and face to face, there charity is in its greatest height; there only will it be perfected.
【고전13:9 JFB】9, 10. in part—partially and imperfectly. Compare a similar contrast to the "perfect man," "the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ" (엡4:11-13).
【고전13:10 JFB】10. that which is in part—fragmentary and isolated.
【고전13:11 JFB】11. When … a child—(고전3:1; 14:20).
I spake—alluding to "tongues."
understood—or, "had the sentiments of." Alluding to "prophecy."
I thought—Greek "reasoned" or "judged"; alluding to "knowledge."
when I became … I put away—rather, "now that I am become a man, I have done away with the things of the child."
【고전13:12 JFB】12. now—in our present state.
see—an appropriate expression, in connection with the "prophets" of seers (삼상9:9).
through a glass—that is, in a mirror; the reflection seeming to the eye to be behind the mirror, so that we see it through the mirror. Ancient mirrors were made of polished brass or other metals. The contrast is between the inadequate knowledge of an object gained by seeing it reflected in a dim mirror (such as ancient mirrors were), compared with the perfect idea we have of it by seeing itself directly.
darkly—literally, "in enigma." As a "mirror" conveys an image to the eye, so an "enigma" to the ear. But neither "eye nor ear" can fully represent (though the believer's soul gets a small revelation now of) "the things which God hath prepared for them that love Him" (고전2:9). Paul alludes to 민12:8, "not in dark speeches"; the Septuagint, "not in enigmas." Compared with the visions and dreams vouchsafed to other prophets, God's communications with Moses were "not in enigmas." But compared with the intuitive and direct vision of God hereafter, even the revealed word now is "a dark discourse," or a shadowing forth by enigma of God's reflected likeness. Compare 벧후1:19, where the "light" or candle in a dark place stands in contrast with the "day" dawning. God's word is called a glass or mirror also in 고후3:18.
then—"when that which is perfect is come" (고전13:10).
face to face—not merely "mouth to mouth" (민12:8). 창32:30 was a type (요1:50, 51).
know … known—rather as Greek, "fully know … fully known." Now we are known by, rather than know, God (고전8:3; 갈4:9).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.