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■ 창세기 44장
1. 요셉이 그 청지기에 명하여 가로되 양식을 각인의 자루에 실을 수 있을 만큼 채우고 각인의 돈을 그 자루에 넣고
And he commanded the steward of his house , saying , Fill the men’s sacks with food , as much as they can carry , and put every man’s money in his sack’s mouth .
2. 또 잔 내 곧 은잔을 그 소년의 자루 아구에 넣고 그 양식 값 돈도 함께 넣으라 하매 그가 요셉의 명령대로 하고
And put my cup , the silver cup , in the sack’s mouth of the youngest , and his corn money . And he did according to the word that Joseph had spoken .
3. 개동시에 사람들과 그 나귀를 보내니라
As soon as the morning was light , the men were sent away , they and their asses .
4. 그들이 성에서 나가 멀리 가기 전에 요셉이 청지기에게 이르되 일어나 그 사람들의 뒤를 따라 미칠 때에 그들에게 이르기를 너 희가 어찌하여 악으로 선을 갚느냐
And when they were gone out of the city , and not yet far off , Joseph said unto his steward , Up , follow after the men ; and when thou dost overtake them, say unto them, Wherefore have ye rewarded evil for good ?
5. 이것은 내 주인이 가지고 마시며 늘 점치는데 쓰는 것이 아니냐 너희가 이같이 하니 악하도다 하라
Is not this it in which my lord drinketh , and whereby indeed he divineth ? ye have done evil in so doing .
6. 청지기가 그들에게 따라 미쳐 그대로 말하니
And he overtook them, and he spake unto them these same words .
7. 그들이 그에게 대답하되 우리 주여 어찌 이렇게 말씀하시나이까 이런 일은 종들이 결단코 아니하나이다
And they said unto him, Wherefore saith my lord these words ? God forbid that thy servants should do according to this thing :
8. 우리 자루에 있던 돈도 우리가 가나안 땅에서부터 당신에게로 가져왔거늘 우리가 어찌 당신 주인의 집에서 은, 금을 도적질 하리이까
Behold, the money , which we found in our sacks’ mouths , we brought again unto thee out of the land of Canaan : how then should we steal out of thy lord’s house silver or gold ?
9. 종들 중 뉘게서 발견되든지 그는 죽을 것이요 우리는 우리 주의 종이 되리이다
With whomsoever of thy servants it be found , both let him die , and we also will be my lord’s bondmen .
10. 그가 가로되 그러면 너희 말과 같이 하리라 그것이 뉘게서든지 발견되면 그는 우리 종이 될 것이요 너희에게는 책망이 없으리라
And he said , Now also let it be according unto your words : he with whom it is found shall be my servant ; and ye shall be blameless .
11. 그들이 각각 급히 자루를 땅에 내려 놓고 각기 푸니
Then they speedily took down every man his sack to the ground , and opened every man his sack .
12. 그가 나이 많은 자에게서부터 시작하여 나이 적은 자에게까지 수탐하매 잔이 베냐민의 자루에서 발견된지라
And he searched , and began at the eldest , and left at the youngest : and the cup was found in Benjamin’s sack .
13. 그들이 옷을 찢고 각기 짐을 나귀에 싣고 성으로 돌아오니라
Then they rent their clothes , and laded every man his ass , and returned to the city .
14. 유다와 그 형제들이 요셉의 집에 이르니 요셉이 오히려 그곳에 있는지라 그 앞 땅에 엎드리니
And Judah and his brethren came to Joseph’s house ; for he was yet there: and they fell before him on the ground .
15. 요셉이 그들에게 이르되 너희가 어찌하여 이런 일을 행하였느냐 나 같은 사람이 점 잘 칠 줄을 너희가 알지 못하느냐
And Joseph said unto them, What deed is this that ye have done ? wot ye not that such a man as I can certainly divine ?
16. 유다가 가로되 우리가 내 주께 무슨 말을 하오리이까 무슨 설명을 하오리이까 어떻게 우리의 정직을 나타내리이까 하나님이 종들의 죄악을 적발하셨으니 우리와 이 잔이 발견된 자가 다 내 주의 종이 되겠나이다
And Judah said , What shall we say unto my lord ? what shall we speak ? or how shall we clear ourselves ? God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants : behold, we are my lord’s servants , both we, and he also with whom the cup is found .
17. 요셉이 가로되 내가 결코 그리하지 아니하리라 잔이 그 손에서 발견된 자만 나의 종이 되고 너희는 평안히 너희 아버지께로 도로 올라갈 것이니라
And he said , God forbid that I should do so : but the man in whose hand the cup is found , he shall be my servant ; and as for you, get you up in peace unto your father .
18. 유다가 그에게 가까이 가서 가로되 내 주여 청컨대 종으로 내 주의 귀에 한 말씀을 고하게 하소서 주의 종에게 노하지 마옵소서 주는 바로와 같으심이니이다
Then Judah came near unto him, and said , Oh my lord , let thy servant , I pray thee, speak a word in my lord’s ears , and let not thine anger burn against thy servant : for thou art even as Pharaoh .
19. 이전에 내 주께서 종들에게 물으시되 너희는 아비가 있느냐 아우가 있느냐 하시기에
My lord asked his servants , saying , Have ye a father , or a brother ?
20. 우리가 내 주께 고하되 우리에게 아비가 있으니 노인이요 또 그 노년에 얻은 아들 소년이 있으니 그의 형은 죽고 그 어미의 끼친 것은 그뿐이므로 그 아비가 그를 사랑하나이다 하였더니
And we said unto my lord , We have a father , an old man , and a child of his old age , a little one ; and his brother is dead , and he alone is left of his mother , and his father loveth him.
21. 주께서 또 종들에게 이르시되 그를 내게로 데리고 내려와서 나로 그를 목도하게 하라 하시기로
And thou saidst unto thy servants , Bring him down unto me, that I may set mine eyes upon him.
22. 우리가 내 주께 말씀하기를 그 아이는 아비를 떠나지 못할지니 떠나면 아비가 죽겠나이다
And we said unto my lord , The lad cannot leave his father : for if he should leave his father , his father would die .
23. 주께서 또 주의 종들에게 말씀하시되 너희 말째 아우가 너희와 함께 내려오지 아니하면 너희가 다시 내 얼굴을 보지 못하리라 하시기로
And thou saidst unto thy servants , Except your youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my face no more .
24. 우리가 주의 종 우리 아비에게로 도로 올라가서 내 주의 말씀을 그에게 고하였나이다
And it came to pass when we came up unto thy servant my father , we told him the words of my lord .
25. 그 후에 우리 아비가 다시 가서 곡물을 조금 사오라 하시기로
And our father said , Go again , and buy us a little food .
26. 우리가 이르되 우리가 내려갈 수 없나이다 우리 말째 아우가 함께 하면 내려 가려니와 말째 아우가 우리와 함께함이 아니면 사람의 얼굴을 볼 수 없음이니이다
And we said , We cannot go down : if our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down : for we may not see the man’s face , except our youngest brother be with us.
27. 주의 종 우리 아비가 우리에게 이르되 너희도 알거니와 내 아내가 내게 두 아들을 낳았으나
And thy servant my father said unto us, Ye know that my wife bare me two sons:
28. 하나는 내게서 나간 고로 내가 말하기를 정녕 찢겨 죽었다하고 내가 지금까지 그를 보지 못하거늘
And the one went out from me, and I said , Surely he is torn in pieces ; and I saw him not since :
29. 너희가 이도 내게서 취하여 가려한즉 만일 재해가 그 몸에 미치면 나의 흰머리로 슬피 음부로 내려가게 하리라 하니
And if ye take this also from me , and mischief befall him , ye shall bring down my gray hairs with sorrow to the grave .
30. 아비의 생명과 아이의 생명이 서로 결탁되었거늘 이제 내가 주의 종 우리 아비에게 돌아갈 때에 아이가 우리와 함께 하지 아니하면
Now therefore when I come to thy servant my father , and the lad be not with us; seeing that his life is bound up in the lad’s life ;
31. 아비가 아이의 없음을 보고 죽으리니 이같이 되면 종들이 주의 종 우리 아비의 흰 머리로 슬피 음부로 내려가게 함이니이다
It shall come to pass, when he seeth that the lad is not with us, that he will die : and thy servants shall bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father with sorrow to the grave .
32. 주의 종이 내 아비에게 아이를 담보하기를 내가 이를 아버지께로 데리고 돌아오지 아니하면 영영히 아버지께 죄를 지리이다 하였사오니
For thy servant became surety for the lad unto my father , saying , If I bring him not unto thee, then I shall bear the blame to my father for ever .
33. 청컨대 주의 종으로 아이를 대신하여 있어서 주의 종이 되게 하시고 아이는 형제와 함께 도로 올려 보내소서
Now therefore, I pray thee, let thy servant abide instead of the lad a bondman to my lord ; and let the lad go up with his brethren .
34. 내가 어찌 아이와 함께 하지 아니하고 내 아비에게로 올라 갈 수 있으리이까 두렵건대 재해가 내 아비에게 미침을 보리이다
For how shall I go up to my father , and the lad be not with me? lest peradventure I see the evil that shall come on my father .
■ 주석 보기
【창44:1 JFB】창44:1-34. Policy to Stay His Brethren.
1. And Joseph commanded the steward—The design of putting the cup into the sack of Benjamin was obviously to bring that young man into a situation of difficulty or danger, in order thereby to discover how far the brotherly feelings of the rest would be roused to sympathize with his distress and stimulate their exertions in procuring his deliverance. But for what purpose was the money restored? It was done, in the first instance, from kindly feelings to his father; but another and further design seems to have been the prevention of any injurious impressions as to the character of Benjamin. The discovery of the cup in his possession, if there had been nothing else to judge by, might have fastened a painful suspicion of guilt on the youngest brother; but the sight of the money in each man's sack would lead all to the same conclusion, that Benjamin was just as innocent as themselves, although the additional circumstance of the cup being found in his sack would bring him into greater trouble and danger.
【창44:1 CWC】[JOSEPH'S HISTORY]
The general familiarity with these chapters warrants the grouping of them in one lesson, especially as there is little requiring explanation within our present scope.
1. Loved and Hated, 37.
It may seem foolish for Joseph to have made known his dreams to his brethren, and thus increase their enmity against him, but we should consider God's purpose in the matter, whether Joseph understood it or not. In the outcome it was important that they should know these dreams, which were really prophecies, in advance of their fulfillment for the sake of the moral effect upon them.
In this chapter it will be seen that the merchantmen are called both Ishmaelites and Midianites, both being in the company, perhaps, as their territories were contiguous in Arabia.
2. Sold Into Slavery, 39.
Note the faith and piety of Joseph as indicated in v. 9, in language unlike anything hitherto recorded of the patriarchs. Note too that according to v. 20 Potiphar must have doubted the truth of his wife's charge, or else he would probably have executed Joseph.
3. Falsely Imprisoned, 40.
This chapter is chiefly notable for the further evidence it gives of Joseph's intimate acquaintance with and faith in God, and the close dealings of God with him in the revelation of these things.
4. Exalted to the Throne, 41.
Note Pharaoh's testimony to Joseph's power with God (38), not that he himself knew the true God, but that he witnessed to the power Joseph had with the God he (Joseph) served. How does this incident in Joseph's life illustrate 딤전4:8, last clause?
The name given Joseph by Pharaoh merits attention notwithstanding the difficulty in its interpretation. The Revised Version spells it "Zaphenathpaneah," but it is not determined whether it is of Hebrew, Egyptian or Coptic derivation. If the first it may mean "Revealer of secrets"; if the second, "Bread of Life"; if the third, "Saviour of the world"; all bearing on the same thought and any of them both significant and appropriate.
5. Dealing with His Brethren, 42 to 44.
The details of these chapters show the purpose of Joseph to "multiply unlooked for events and complicate the situation for his brethren, both to awaken their conviction of wrongdoing in the past and an expectation of something still more mysterious, whether good or bad, in the future" - thus preparing them for the great revelation soon to be made.
In chapter 44:17, 18 the reference to the three days is important for its bearing on the death and resurrection of Christ. It will be well to note, for example, the vague way of the Hebrews in using the words. According to our usage, had Joseph's brethren been imprisoned three days it would not have been until the fourth day that he changed his plan, but instead of that they were shut up but two nights and the intermediate day, with parts of the first and third days. This was the time Jesus was in the grave, so that there is no more reason to accuse the Bible of inaccuracy or contradiction in the one case than in the other. (Studies in Genesis, in loco.)
6. Revealing Himself to His Brethren, 45.
Why was Pharaoh so pleased to have Jacob and his family settle in Egypt? To show appreciation of Joseph? Yes, and for other reasons. It was not merely three-score and six souls that constituted the whole encampment of Jacob, but between three and four thousand souls, if we count all their dependents, which was a valuable accession to any nation when we consider the character of the people.
And there may have been another reason still, if it be true that the reigning dynasty at this time was the Hyksos or Shepherd kings, i. e., Syrians or Asiatics who centuries before had invaded and seized upon the kingdom, and so were unpopular with the native races. It would be a great advantage to them to have so powerful an accession of Asiatics as Jacob's tribe represented, not only to increase their riches but to "give additional firmness to the throne against the discontent and disturbance of the native races."
7. Settling the Family in Goshen, 46 to 48.
Note the suitableness of Goshen as a place of settlement for the Israelites. In the first place, it afforded good pasturage and they were shepherds, but in some parts of it there was excellent tillage as well. In the next place, its location near the Isthmus of Suez, - made it easy to depart from later on when the necessity was so great. And last, but not least, it was a location where the least offense would be given to the native races, and there was reason for such offense because shepherds were held in abomination by them. Their subjugation by a shepherd race explains this in part, but there was another reason in that the Egyptians for religious reasons did not eat flesh. They worshipped the beasts which the Israelites ate and offered in sacrifice to God.
How long did Jacob live in Egypt (47:28)? What solemn promise did he extract from Joseph just prior to his death (29-31)? Do you think this expressed only the natural desire to be buried with his own people, or did it express faith in the divine promise that his seed should ultimately inherit Canaan?
【창44:1 MHCC】Joseph tried how his brethren felt towards Benjamin. Had they envied and hated the other son of Rachel as they had hated him, and if they had the same want of feeling towards their father Jacob as heretofore, they would now have shown it. When the cup was found upon Benjamin, they would have a pretext for leaving him to be a slave. But we cannot judge what men are now, by what they have been formerly; nor what they will do, by what they have done. The steward charged them with being ungrateful, rewarding evil for good; with folly, in taking away the cup of daily use, which would soon be missed, and diligent search made for it; for so it may be read, Is not this it in which my lord drinketh, as having a particular fondness for it, and for which he would search thoroughly? Or, By which, leaving it carelessly at your table, he would make trial whether you were honest men or not? They throw themselves upon Joseph's mercy, and acknowledge the righteousness of God, perhaps thinking of the injury they had formerly done to Joseph, for which they thought God was now reckoning with them. Even in afflictions wherein we believe ourselves wronged by men, we must own that God is righteous, and finds out our sin.
【창44:2 JFB】2. put my cup, the silver cup, in the sack's mouth—It was a large goblet, as the original denotes, highly valued by its owner, on account of its costly material or its elegant finish and which had probably graced his table at the sumptuous entertainment of the previous day.
【창44:3 JFB】3. As soon as the morning was light, the men were sent away—They commenced their homeward journey at early dawn (see on 창18:2); and it may be readily supposed in high spirits, after so happy an issue from all their troubles and anxieties.
【창44:4 JFB】4. When they were gone out of the city … Joseph said unto his steward—They were brought to a sudden halt by the stunning intelligence that an article of rare value was missing from the governor's house. It was a silver cup; so strong suspicions were entertained against them that a special messenger was despatched to search them.
【창44:5 JFB】5. Is not this it in which my lord drinketh—not only kept for the governor's personal use, but whereby he divines. Divination by cups, to ascertain the course of futurity, was one of the prevalent superstitions of ancient Egypt, as it is of Eastern countries still. It is not likely that Joseph, a pious believer in the true God, would have addicted himself to this superstitious practice. But he might have availed himself of that popular notion to carry out the successful execution of his stratagem for the last decisive trial of his brethren.
【창44:6 JFB】6, 7. he overtook them, and he spake … these words—The steward's words must have come upon them like a thunderbolt, and one of their most predominant feelings must have been the humiliating and galling sense of being made so often objects of suspicion. Protesting their innocence, they invited a search. The challenge was accepted [창44:10, 11]. Beginning with the eldest, every sack was examined, and the cup being found in Benjamin's [창44:12], they all returned in an indescribable agony of mind to the house of the governor [창44:13], throwing themselves at his feet [창44:14], with the remarkable confession, "God hath found out the iniquity of thy servants" [창44:16].
【창44:16 JFB】16-34. Judah said, What shall we say?—This address needs no comment—consisting at first of short, broken sentences, as if, under the overwhelming force of the speaker's emotions, his utterance were choked, it becomes more free and copious by the effort of speaking, as he proceeds. Every word finds its way to the heart; and it may well be imagined that Benjamin, who stood there speechless like a victim about to be laid on the altar, when he heard the magnanimous offer of Judah to submit to slavery for his ransom, would be bound by a lifelong gratitude to his generous brother, a tie that seems to have become hereditary in his tribe. Joseph's behavior must not be viewed from any single point, or in separate parts, but as a whole—a well-thought, deep-laid, closely connected plan; and though some features of it do certainly exhibit an appearance of harshness, yet the pervading principle of his conduct was real, genuine, brotherly kindness. Read in this light, the narrative of the proceedings describes the continuous, though secret, pursuit of one end; and Joseph exhibits, in his management of the scheme, a very high order of intellect, a warm and susceptible heart, united to a judgment that exerted a complete control over his feelings—a happy invention in devising means towards the attainment of his ends and an inflexible adherence to the course, however painful, which prudence required.
【창44:18 MHCC】Had Joseph been, as Judah supposed him, an utter stranger to the family, he could not but be wrought upon by his powerful reasonings. But neither Jacob nor Benjamin need an intercessor with Joseph; for he himself loved them. Judah's faithful cleaving to Benjamin, now, in his distress, was recompensed long afterwards by the tribe of Benjamin keeping with the tribe of Judah, when the other tribes deserted it. The apostle, when discoursing of the mediation of Christ, observes, that our Lord sprang out of Judah, 히7:14; and he not only made intercession for the transgressors, but he became a Surety for them, testifying therein tender concern, both for his Father and for his brethren. Jesus, the great antitype of Joseph, humbles and proves his people, even after they have had some tastes of his loving-kindness. He brings their sins to their remembrance, that they may exercise and show repentance, and feel how much they owe to his mercy.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.