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■ 레위기 27장
1. 여호와께서 모세에게 일러 가라사대
And the Lord spake unto Moses , saying ,
2. 이스라엘 자손에게 고하여 이르라 사람을 여호와께 드리기로 서원하였으면 너는 그 값을 정할지니
Speak unto the children of Israel , and say unto them, When a man shall make a singular vow , the persons shall be for the Lord by thy estimation .
3. 너의 정한 값은 이십 세로 육십 세까지는 남자이면 성소의 세겔대로 은 오십 세겔로 하고
And thy estimation shall be of the male from twenty years old even unto sixty years old , even thy estimation shall be fifty shekels of silver , after the shekel of the sanctuary .
4. 여자이면 그 값을 삼십 세겔로 하며
And if it be a female , then thy estimation shall be thirty shekels .
5. 오 세로 이십 세까지는 남자이면 그 값을 이십 세겔로 하고 여자이면 십 세겔로 하며
And if it be from five years old even unto twenty years old , then thy estimation shall be of the male twenty shekels , and for the female ten shekels .
6. 일 개월로 오 세까지는 남자이면 그 값을 은 오 세겔로 하고 여자이면 그 값을 은 삼 세겔로 하며
And if it be from a month old even unto five years old , then thy estimation shall be of the male five shekels of silver , and for the female thy estimation shall be three shekels of silver .
7. 육십 세 이상은 남자이면 그 값을 십오 세겔로 하고 여자는 십 세겔로 하라
And if it be from sixty years old and above ; if it be a male , then thy estimation shall be fifteen shekels , and for the female ten shekels .
8. 그러나 서원자가 가난하여 너의 정가를 감당치 못하겠으면 그를 제사장의 앞으로 데리고 갈 것이요 제사장은 그 값을 정하되 그 서원자의 형세대로 값을 정할지니라
But if he be poorer than thy estimation , then he shall present himself before the priest , and the priest shall value him; according to his ability that vowed shall the priest value him.
9. 사람이 예물로 여호와께 드리는 것이 생축이면 서원물로 여호와께 드릴 때는 다 거룩하니
And if it be a beast , whereof men bring an offering unto the Lord , all that any man giveth of such unto the Lord shall be holy .
10. 그것을 변개하여 우열간 바꾸지 못할 것이요 혹 생축으로 생축을 바꾸면 둘 다 거룩할 것이며
He shall not alter it, nor change it, a good for a bad , or a bad for a good : and if he shall at all change beast for beast , then it and the exchange thereof shall be holy .
11. 부정하여 여호와께 예물로 드리지 못할 생축이면 그 생축을 제사장 앞으로 끌어 갈 것이요
And if it be any unclean beast , of which they do not offer a sacrifice unto the Lord , then he shall present the beast before the priest :
12. 제사장은 그 우열간에 정가할지니 그 값이 제사장의 정한 대로 될 것이며
And the priest shall value it, whether it be good or bad : as thou valuest it, who art the priest , so shall it be.
13. 그가 그것을 무르려면 정가에 그 오분 일을 더할지니라
But if he will at all redeem it, then he shall add a fifth part thereof unto thy estimation .
14. 사람이 자기 집을 구별하여 여호와께 드리려면 제사장이 그 우열간에 정가할지니 그 값이 제사장의 정한 대로 될 것이며
And when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the Lord , then the priest shall estimate it, whether it be good or bad : as the priest shall estimate it, so shall it stand .
15. 그 사람이 자기 집을 무르려면 정가한 돈에 그 오분 일을 더할지니 그리하면 자기 소유가 되리라
And if he that sanctified it will redeem his house , then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be his.
16. 사람이 자기 기업된 밭 얼마를 구별하여 여호와께 드리려면 두락수대로 정가하되 보리 한 호멜지기에는 은 오십 세겔로 계산할지며
And if a man shall sanctify unto the Lord some part of a field of his possession , then thy estimation shall be according to the seed thereof: an homer of barley seed shall be valued at fifty shekels of silver .
17. 그가 그 밭을 희년부터 구별하여 드렸으면 그 값을 네가 정한 대로 할 것이요
If he sanctify his field from the year of jubile , according to thy estimation it shall stand .
18. 그 밭을 희년 후에 구별하여 드렸으면 제사장이 다음 희년까지 남은 연수를 따라 그 값을 계산하고 정가에서 그 값에 상당하게 감할 것이며
But if he sanctify his field after the jubile , then the priest shall reckon unto him the money according to the years that remain , even unto the year of the jubile , and it shall be abated from thy estimation .
19. 밭을 구별하여 드린 자가 그것을 무르려면 정가한 돈에 그 오분 일을 더할지니 그리하면 그것이 자기 소유가 될 것이요
And if he that sanctified the field will in any wise redeem it, then he shall add the fifth part of the money of thy estimation unto it, and it shall be assured to him.
20. 그가 그 밭을 무르지 아니하려거나 타인에게 팔았으면 다시는 무르지 못하고
And if he will not redeem the field , or if he have sold the field to another man , it shall not be redeemed any more.
21. 희년이 되어서 그 밭이 돌아오게 될 때에는 여호와께 바친 성물이 되어 영영히 드린 땅과 같이 제사장의 기업이 될 것이며
But the field , when it goeth out in the jubile , shall be holy unto the Lord , as a field devoted ; the possession thereof shall be the priest’s .
22. 사람에게 샀고 자기 기업이 아닌 밭을 여호와께 구별하여 드렸으면
And if a man sanctify unto the Lord a field which he hath bought , which is not of the fields of his possession ;
23. 너는 정가하고 제사장은 그를 위하여 희년까지 계산하고 그는 너의 정가한 돈을 그 날에 여호와께 드려 성물을 삼을지며
Then the priest shall reckon unto him the worth of thy estimation , even unto the year of the jubile : and he shall give thine estimation in that day , as a holy thing unto the Lord .
24. 그 밭은 희년에 판 사람 곧 그 기업의 본주에게로 돌아 갈지니라
In the year of the jubile the field shall return unto him of whom it was bought , even to him to whom the possession of the land did belong.
25. 너의 모든 정가를 성소의 세겔대로 하되 이십 게라를 한 세겔로 할지니라
And all thy estimations shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary : twenty gerahs shall be the shekel .
26. 오직 생축의 첫새끼는 여호와께 돌릴 첫새끼라 우양을 물론하고 여호와의 것이니 누구든지 그것으로는 구별하여 드리지 못할 것이며
Only the firstling of the beasts , which should be the Lord’s firstling , no man shall sanctify it; whether it be ox , or sheep : it is the Lord’s .
27. 부정한 짐승이면 너의 정가에 그 오분 일을 더하여 속할 것이요 만일 속하지 아니하거든 너의 정가대로 팔지니라
And if it be of an unclean beast , then he shall redeem it according to thine estimation , and shall add a fifth part of it thereto: or if it be not redeemed , then it shall be sold according to thy estimation .
28. 오직 여호와께 아주 바친 그 물건은 사람이든지 생축이든지 기업의 밭이든지 팔지도 못하고 속하지도 못하나니 바친 것은 다 여호와께 지극히 거룩함이며
Notwithstanding no devoted thing , that a man shall devote unto the Lord of all that he hath, both of man and beast , and of the field of his possession , shall be sold or redeemed : every devoted thing is most holy unto the Lord .
29. 아주 바친 그 사람은 다시 속하지 못하나니 반드시 죽일지니라
None devoted , which shall be devoted of men , shall be redeemed ; but shall surely be put to death .
30. 땅의 십분 일 곧 땅의 곡식이나 나무의 과실이나 그 십분 일은 여호와의 것이니 여호와께 성물이라
And all the tithe of the land , whether of the seed of the land , or of the fruit of the tree , is the Lord’s : it is holy unto the Lord .
31. 사람이 그 십분 일을 속하려면 그것에 그 오분 일을 더할 것이요
And if a man will at all redeem ought of his tithes , he shall add thereto the fifth part thereof.
32. 소나 양의 십분 일은 막대기 아래로 통과하는 것의 열째마다 여호와의 거룩한 것이 되리니
And concerning the tithe of the herd , or of the flock , even of whatsoever passeth under the rod , the tenth shall be holy unto the Lord .
33. 그 우열을 교계하거나 바꾸거나 하지 말라 바꾸면 둘 다 거룩하리니 속하지 못하리라
He shall not search whether it be good or bad , neither shall he change it: and if he change it at all , then both it and the change thereof shall be holy ; it shall not be redeemed .
34. 이상은 여호와께서 시내 산에서 이스라엘 자손을 위하여 모세에게 명하신 계명이니라
These are the commandments , which the Lord commanded Moses for the children of Israel in mount Sinai .
■ 주석 보기
【레27:1 JFB】레27:1-18. Concerning Vows.
【레27:1 CWC】[VOWS AND TITHES]
We have in this closing chapter a supplement to the whole book. Hitherto we dealt with obligations and duties resting on all Israelites alike, but now we come to vows of an additional and voluntary character. (신23:22.)
Persons Might be Vowed, vv. 1-8.
The thought is, that persons might be vowed for service in the sanctuary; but since service could not be found for so large a number, and especially for young children, who might be vowed, there might be a money equivalent for them. This equivalent, which was to be paid into the treasury of the sanctuary, was determined by the labor value of the person vowed as based on sex and age. It was always low enough not to burden the poor.
Domestic Animals Might be Vowed. vv. 9-13.
If the animal were suitable for sacrifice, it might be accepted for the service; but if otherwise, the priest must set a price on it for which it might be sold by the owner and the money placed in the treasury. In this case one-fifth more was to be added to the price, as a check perhaps, on rashness in vowing.
Exclusions from Vow. vv. 26-33.
Houses and fields might be vowed (14-25), upon the same principles as the foregoing. But three kinds of property could not be vowed, the firstlings of the beasts (26); a "devoted thing," in the sense of an accursed thing like the property in Jericho, (28, 29 compared with 수7:17); and "the tithe of the land" (30).
The reason for these prohibitions was that these things already belonged to God and hence their human possessors had no right to them.
There is a serious matter here in the devotement or accursing of human beings, but we postpone its consideration till we meet with a conspicuous application of the principle at a later period.
Law of the Tithe.
The "tithe" was one of the things belonging to God in any event, and which could not be voluntarily vowed.
This is specially interesting as raising the question whether the tithe is binding upon Christians at the present time. In our judgment it is not; but that does not mean that Christians may give according to impulse or caprice, since the New Testament lays down the principle of giving a fixed portion of our income to the Lord as He hath prospered us. (고전16:1, 2; 고후8:7-9.)
It is customary under the Gospel to leave much to the individual conscience regarding the details of worship and conduct, which, under the Mosaic law was regulated by rule. Paul gives the explanation in 갈4:1-5.
Christian Vows.
Has a vow of any kind a place in the practical life of Christians? It seems not forbidden in the New Testament, but neither is it approved.
As Kellogg says, "the true conception of Christian life and duty leaves no room for a promise to God of what is not due, inasmuch as through the transcendent obligation of grateful love to Him for our redemption," everything is due. (고후5:14, 15.)
The question is not speculative, since it constitutes one of the distinctions between Romanism and Protestantism. The Romish theory of works of supererogation comes in here, and closely associated with it, the doctrine of purgatory. Here is the germ of the celibate life of the clergy, of sisterhoods and monasticism, the tendency of which is towards legalism on the one hand and moral declension on the other. (갈4:9; 골2:16-23).
Questions.
1. What particular kind of vows is dealt with here?
2. For what service were persons vowed?
3. What properties could not be vowed, and why?
4 Quote 고전16:1-2.
5. Is a vow normal in the Christian life?
LAW OF THE TITHE
(Abridged from "The Expositor's Bible.")
The "tithe" or the dedication of the tenth of one's possessions to God, is a practice of antiquity, and a question arises as to whether the obligation is still resting upon those who would serve God in this dispensation? An answer was given in the last lesson, but it is desirable to enlarge upon it.
While we hear nothing of the tithe in the first Christian centuries, it came into practice in the 4th century, and later on was established as a law of the church for some centuries.
The modern spirit has become more and more averse to it, until under the present voluntaryism it has seemed likely to disappear altogether.
In consequence of this there has been a revival of interest in it of late as necessary for the maintenance and extension of the church, those who would revive it holding that the principle is still binding on the Christian.
In settling the question, it is to be remembered that the moral obligation is one thing and the legal another. Morally it is our duty to set apart for God a fixed proportion of our income, but the precise proportion is a subject on which the New Testament is silent. For the moral obligation see 고전16:1, 2, where no reference, is made to the legal obligation. If the tithe had been still binding as to the letter, this would have been the place for the apostle to have mentioned it.
As a matter of fact, it is commonly found in the New Testament, that the individual is left at liberty regarding the details of worship and conduct as compared with conditions under the Mosaic law. (갈4:1-5.)
One author however, calls attention to a matter of importance not commonly considered in the discussion of this subject. For example, the people of Israel were under a theocratic government, where God Himself ruled, where the whole system of law was divinely instituted and supposed to be divinely executed. When thus carried out this system would have prevented excessive accumulation of wealth in the hands of individuals, as we have seen in the consideration of earlier chapters of this book. There would thus have been secured an equal distribution of property, such as the world has never seen, and doubtless never will until the millennium. Under such circumstances it would have been possible to exact a certain proportion of income for sacred purposes with a certainty that it would have worked with perfect fairness to all.
But with us it is different. Wealth is unequally distributed in our economy, and no law of the tithe could be made to work as in Israel. To the poor it would be a heavy burden, and to the rich a tax so small as to amount to exemption. The poor man would sometimes be required to take bread out of the mouths of wife and children, while the millionaire would still have thousands to spend in luxuries. The latter might often more easily give nine-tenths of his income than the former one-twentieth.
While, therefore, the law of the tithe would not seem to be binding upon us as to the letter, let us not forget that from the moral point of view it is still in force. It forbids the Christian to give simply according to impulse or caprice. He is to lay by in store as the Lord hath prospered him. Let there be systematic giving to the Lord's work under the law of a fixed proportion of gifts to income, and under the inspiration of the memory of God's grace to us (고후7:9), and the Lord's treasury will never be empty, nor will the Lord Himself be robbed of His due.
【레27:1 MHCC】Zeal for the service of God disposed the Israelites, on some occasions, to dedicate themselves or their children to the service of the Lord, in his house for life. Some persons who thus dedicated themselves might be employed as assistants; in general they were to be redeemed for a value. It is good to be zealously affected and liberally disposed for the Lord's service; but the matter should be well weighed, and prudence should direct as to what we do; else rash vows and hesitation in doing them will dishonour God, and trouble our own minds.
【레27:2 JFB】2-8. When a man shall make a singular vow, &c.—Persons have, at all times and in all places, been accustomed to present votive offerings, either from gratitude for benefits received, or in the event of deliverance from apprehended evil. And Moses was empowered, by divine authority, to prescribe the conditions of this voluntary duty.
the persons shall be for the Lord, &c.—better rendered thus:—"According to thy estimation, the persons shall be for the Lord." Persons might consecrate themselves or their children to the divine service, in some inferior or servile kind of work about the sanctuary (삼상3:1). In the event of any change, the persons so devoted had the privilege in their power of redeeming themselves; and this chapter specifies the amount of the redemption money, which the priest had the discretionary power of reducing, as circumstances might seem to require. Those of mature age, between twenty and sixty, being capable of the greatest service, were rated highest; young people, from five till twenty, less, because not so serviceable; infants, though devotable by their parents before birth (삼상1:11), could not be offered nor redeemed till a month after birth; old people were valued below the young, but above children; and the poor—in no case freed from payment, in order to prevent the rash formation of vows—were rated according to their means.
【레27:9 JFB】9-13. if it be a beast, whereof men bring an offering unto the Lord—a clean beast. After it had been vowed, it could neither be employed in common purposes nor exchanged for an equivalent—it must be sacrificed—or if, through some discovered blemish, it was unsuitable for the altar, it might be sold, and the money applied for the sacred service. If an unclean beast—such as an ass or camel, for instance, had been vowed, it was to be appropriated to the use of the priest at the estimated value, or it might be redeemed by the person vowing on payment of that value, and the additional fine of a fifth more.
【레27:14 JFB】14, 15. when a man shall sanctify his house to be holy unto the Lord, &c.—In this case, the house having been valued by the priest and sold, the proceeds of the sale were to be dedicated to the sanctuary. But if the owner wished, on second thought, to redeem it, he might have it by adding a fifth part to the price.
【레27:14 MHCC】Our houses, lands, cattle, and all our substance, must be used to the glory of God. It is acceptable to him that a portion be given to support his worship, and to promote his cause. But God would not approve such a degree of zeal as ruined a man's family.
【레27:16 JFB】16-24. if a man shall sanctify unto the Lord some aprt of a field of his possession, &c.—In the case of acquired property in land, if not redeemed, it returned to the donor at the Jubilee; whereas the part of a hereditary estate, which had been vowed, did not revert to the owner, but remained attached in perpetuity to the sanctuary. The reason for this remarkable difference was to lay every man under an obligation to redeem the property, or stimulate his nearest kinsman to do it, in order to prevent a patrimonial inheritance going out from any family in Israel.
【레27:26 JFB】26, 27. Only the firstling of the beasts—These, in the case of clean beasts, being consecrated to God by a universal and standing law (출13:12; 34:19), could not be devoted; and in that of unclean beasts, were subject to the rule mentioned (레27:11, 12).
【레27:26 MHCC】Things or persons devoted, are distinguished from things or persons that were only sanctified. Devoted things were most holy to the Lord, and could neither be taken back nor applied to other purposes. Whatever productions they had the benefit, God must be honoured with the tenth of, if it could be applied. Thus they acknowledge God to be the Owner of their land, the Giver of its fruits, and themselves to be his tenants, and dependants upon him. Thus they gave him thanks for the plenty they enjoyed, and besought his favour in the continuance of it. We are taught to honour the Lord with our substance.
【레27:28 JFB】28, 29. no devoted thing, that a man shall devote unto the Lord of all that he hath, … shall be sold or redeemed—This relates to vows of the most solemn kind—the devotee accompanying his vow with a solemn imprecation on himself not to fail in accomplishing his declared purpose.
【레27:29 JFB】29. shall surely be put to death—This announcement imported not that the person was to be sacrificed or doomed to a violent death; but only that he should remain till death unalterably in the devoted condition. The preceding regulations were evidently designed to prevent rashness in vowing (전5:4) and to encourage serious and considerate reflection in all matters between God and the soul (Lu 21:4).
【레27:30 JFB】30-33. all the tithe of the land, whether of the seed of the land—This law gave the sanction of divine authority to an ancient usage (창14:20; 28:22). The whole produce of the land was subjected to the tithe tribute—it was a yearly rent which the Israelites, as tenants, paid to God, the owner of the land, and a thank offering they rendered to Him for the bounties of His providence. (See 잠3:9; 고전9:11; 갈6:6).
【레27:32 JFB】32. whatsoever passeth under the rod, &c.—This alludes to the mode of taking the tithe of cattle, which were made to pass singly through a narrow gateway, where a person with a rod, dipped in ochre, stood, and counting them, marked the back of every tenth beast, whether male or female, sound or unsound.
【레27:34 MHCC】The last verse seems to have reference to this whole book. Many of the precepts in it are moral, and always binding; others are ceremonial, and peculiar to the Jewish nation; yet they have a spiritual meaning, and so teach us; for unto us, by these institutions, is the gospel preached, as well as unto them, 히4:2. The doctrine of reconciliation to God by a Mediator, is not clouded with the smoke of burning sacrifice, but cleared by the knowledge of Christ and him crucified. We are under the sweet and easy institutions of the gospel, which pronounces those true worshippers, who worship the Father in spirit and truth, by Christ only, and in his name. Yet, let us not think, because we are not tied to the ceremonial rites and oblations, that a little care, time, and expense, will serve to honour God with. Having boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, let us draw near with a true heart, and in full assurance of faith, worshipping God with the more cheerfulness and humble confidence, still saying, BLESSED BE GOD FOR JESUS CHRIST.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.