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■ 히브리서 8장
1. 이제 하는 말의 중요한 것은 이러한 대제사장이 우리에게 있는 것이라 그가 하늘에서 위엄의 보좌 우편에 앉으셨으니
Now of the things which we have spoken this is the sum : We have such an high priest , who is set on the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens ;
2. 성소와 참 장막에 부리는 자라 이 장막은 주께서 베푸신 것이요 사람이 한 것이 아니니라
A minister of the sanctuary , and of the true tabernacle , which the Lord pitched , and not man .
3. 대제사장마다 예물과 제사 드림을 위하여 세운 자니 이러므로 저도 무슨 드릴 것이 있어야 할지니라
For every high priest is ordained to offer gifts and sacrifices : wherefore it is of necessity that this man have somewhat also to offer .
4. 예수께서 만일 땅에 계셨더면 제사장이 되지 아니하셨을 것이니 이는 율법을 좇아 예물을 드리는 제사장이 있음이라
For if he were on earth , he should not be a priest , seeing that there are priests that offer gifts according to the law :
5. 저희가 섬기는 것은 하늘에 있는 것의 모형과 그림자라 모세가 장막을 지으려 할 때에 지시하심을 얻음과 같으니 가라사대 삼가 모든 것을 산에서 네게 보이던 본을 좇아 지으라 하셨느니라
Who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things , as Moses was admonished of God when he was about to make the tabernacle : for , See , saith he , that thou make all things according to the pattern shewed to thee in the mount .
6. 그러나 이제 그가 더 아름다운 직분을 얻으셨으니 이는 더 좋은 약속으로 세우신 더 좋은 언약의 중보시라
But now hath he obtained a more excellent ministry , by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant , which was established upon better promises .
7. 저 첫 언약이 무흠하였더면 둘째 것을 요구할 일이 없었으려니와
For if that first covenant had been faultless , then should no place have been sought for the second .
8. 저희를 허물하여 일렀으되 주께서 가라사대 볼지어다 날이 이르리니 내가 이스라엘 집과 유다 집으로 새 언약을 세우리라
For finding fault with them , he saith , Behold , the days come , saith the Lord , when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah :
9. 또 주께서 가라사대 내가 저희 열조들의 손을 잡고 애굽 땅에서 인도하여 내던 날에 저희와 세운 언약과 같지 아니하도다 저희는 내 언약 안에 머물러 있지 아니하므로 내가 저희를 돌아보지 아니하였노라
Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt ; because they continued not in my covenant , and I regarded them not , saith the Lord .
10. 또 주께서 가라사대 그 날 후에 내가 이스라엘 집으로 세울 언약이 이것이니 내 법을 저희 생각에 두고 저희 마음에 이것을 기록하리라 나는 저희에게 하나님이 되고 저희는 내게 백성이 되리라
For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days , saith the Lord ; I will put my laws into their mind , and write them in their hearts : and I will be to them a God , and they shall be to me a people :
11. 또 각각 자기 나라 사람과 각각 자기 형제를 가르쳐 이르기를 주를 알라 하지 아니할 것은 저희가 작은 자로부터 큰 자까지 다 나를 앎이니라
And they shall not teach every man his neighbour , and every man his brother , saying , Know the Lord : for all shall know me , from the least to the greatest .
12. 내가 저희 불의를 긍휼히 여기고 저희 죄를 다시 기억하지 아니하리라 하셨느니라
For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness , and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more .
13. 새 언약이라 말씀하셨으매 첫 것은 낡아지게 하신 것이니 낡아지고 쇠하는 것은 없어져 가는 것이니라
In that he saith , A new covenant, he hath made the first old . Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away .
■ 주석 보기
【히8:1 JFB】히8:1-13. Christ, the High Priest in the True Sanctuary, Superseding the Levitical Priesthood; the New Renders Obsolete the Old Covenant.
1. the sum—rather, "the principal point"; for the participle is present, not past, which would be required if the meaning were "the sum." "The chief point in (or, 'in the case'; so the Greek,히9:10, 15, 17) the things which we are speaking," literally, "which are being spoken."
such—so transcendently pre-eminent, namely in this respect, that "He is set on the right hand of," &c. Infinitely above all other priests in this one grand respect, He exercises His priesthood IN HEAVEN, not in the earthly "holiest place" (히10:12). The Levitical high priests, even when they entered the Holiest Place once a year, only STOOD for a brief space before the symbol of God's throne; but Jesus SITSon the throne of the Divine Majesty in the heaven itself, and this for ever (히10:11, 12).
【히8:1 CWC】[THE PRIESTHOOD OF CHRIST AND THAT OF AARON]
1. Christ is a priest of a better covenant than Aaron. Chap. 8.
Better not morally, but efficaciously, i. e., established on better promises (6), in the sense (a), that they are written on the heart rather than tables of stone (10); (b), that they are universal in their application and not limited to a single people, Israel (11); (c), that they bring with them eternal forgiveness.
2. Christ is a priest of a better tabernacle. Chap. 9: 1-14.
(a), It is not a material but a spiritual structure (11);
(b), It is not hallowed by the blood of beasts but by His own blood (12);
(c), It stands not for temporary but eternal redemption (12-14).
3. Christ is a priest of a better sacrifice. Chap. 9:15-10:18.
(a), Not a sacrifice of calves and goats (19) but the sacrifice of Himself (9:23);
(b), Not a sacrifice to be repeated every year (25) but offered only once (9:26);
(c), A sacrifice which does away with the covenant of the Old Testament and establishes that of the New (10:5-9).
The reference to the sacrifice offered but once is worked out richly: first, the fact is stated (9:24-26); secondly, an inference is drawn from it (10:1-3); third, the fact is emphasized anew (4-13), and finally its precious truth is applied (14-18).
【히8:1 MHCC】The substance, or summary, of what had been declared was, that Christians had such a High Priest as they needed. He took upon himself human nature, appeared on earth, and there gave himself as a sacrifice to God for the sins of his people. We must not dare to approach God, or to present any thing to him, but in and through Christ, depending upon his merits and mediation; for we are accepted only in the Beloved. In all obedience and worship, we should keep close to God's word, which is the only and perfect standard. Christ is the substance and end of the law of righteousness. But the covenant here referred to, was that made with Israel as a nation, securing temporal benefits to them. The promises of all spiritual blessings, and of eternal life, revealed in the gospel, and made sure through Christ, are of infinitely greater value. Let us bless God that we have a High Priest that suits our helpless condition.
【히8:2 JFB】2. minister—The Greek term implies priestly ministry in the temple.
the sanctuary—Greek, "the holy places"; the Holy of Holies. Here the heavenly sanctuary is meant.
the true—the archetypal and antitypical, as contrasted with the typical and symbolical (히9:24). Greek "alethinos" (used here) is opposed to that which does not fulfil its idea, as for instance, a type; "alethes," to that which is untrue and unreal, as a lie. The measure of alethes is reality; that of alethinos, ideality. In alethes the idea corresponds to the thing; in alethinos, the thing to the idea [Kalmis in Alford].
tabernacle—(히9:11). His body. Through His glorified body as the tabernacle, Christ passes into the heavenly "Holy of Holies," the immediate immaterial presence of God, where He intercedes for us. This tabernacle in which God dwells, is where God in Christ meets us who are "members of His body, of His flesh, and of His bones." This tabernacle answers to the heavenly Jerusalem, where God's visible presence is to be manifested to His perfected saints and angels, who are united in Christ the Head; in contradistinction to His personal invisible presence in the Holy of Holies unapproachable save to Christ. 요1:14, "Word … dwelt among us," Greek, "tabernacled."
pitched—Greek, "fixed" firmly.
not man—as Moses (히8:5).
【히8:3 JFB】3. For—assigning his reason for calling him "minister of the sanctuary" (히8:2).
somewhat—He does not offer again His once for all completed sacrifice. But as the high priest did not enter the Holy Place without blood, so Christ has entered the heavenly Holy Place with His own blood. That "blood of sprinkling" is in heaven. And is thence made effectual to sprinkle believers as the end of their election (벧전1:2). The term "consecrate" as a priest, is literally, to fill the hand, implying that an offering is given into the hands of the priest, which it is his duty to present to God. If a man be a priest, he must have some gift in his hands to offer. Therefore, Christ, as a priest, has His blood as His oblation to offer before God.
【히8:4 JFB】4. Implying that Christ's priestly office is exercised in heaven, not in earth; in the power of His resurrection life, not of His earthly life.
For—The oldest manuscripts read, "accordingly then."
if, &c.—"if He were on earth, He would not even (so the Greek) be a priest" (compare 히7:13, 14); therefore, certainly, He could not exercise the high priestly function in the earthly Holy of Holies.
seeing that, &c.—"since there are" already, and exist now (the temple service not yet being set aside, as it was on the destruction of Jerusalem), "those (the oldest manuscripts omit 'priests') who offer the (appointed) gifts according to (the) law." Therefore, His sacerdotal "ministry" must be "in the heavens," not on earth (히8:1). "If His priesthood terminated on the earth, He would not even be a priest at all" [Bengel]. I conceive that the denial here of Christ's priesthood on earth does not extend to the sacrifice on the cross which He offered as a priest on earth; but applies only to the crowning work of His priesthood, the bringing of the blood into the Holy of Holies, which He could not have done in the earthly Holy of Holies, as not being an Aaronic priest. The place (the heavenly Holy of Holies) was as essential to the atonement being made as the oblation (the blood). The body was burnt without the gate; but the sanctification was effected by the presentation of the blood within the sanctuary by the high priest. If on earth, He would not be a priest in the sense of the law of Moses ("according to the law" is emphatic).
【히8:5 JFB】5. Who—namely, the priests.
serve unto the example—not "after the example," as Bengel explains. But as in 히13:10, "serve the tabernacle," that is, do it service: so "serve (the tabernacle which is but) the outline and shadow." The Greek for "example" is here taken for the sketch, copy, or suggestive representation of the heavenly sanctuary, which is the antitypical reality and primary archetype. "The mount" answers to heaven,히12:22.
admonished—The Greek especially applies to divine responses and commands.
to make—"perfectly": so the Greek.
See—Take heed, accurately observing the pattern, that so thou mayest make, &c.
saith he—God.
the pattern—an accurate representation, presented in vision to Moses, of the heavenly real sanctuary. Thus the earthly tabernacle was copy of a copy; but the latter accurately representing the grand archetypical original in heaven (출25:40).
【히8:6 JFB】6. now—not time; but "as it is."
more excellent ministry—than any earthly ministry.
by how much—in proportion as.
mediator—coming between us and God, to carry into effect God's covenant with us. "The messenger (angel) of the covenant."
which—Greek, "one which" [Alford]: inasmuch as being one which.
established—Greek, "enacted as a law." So 롬3:27, "law of faith"; and 롬8:2; 9:31, apply "law" to the Gospel covenant. It is implied hereby, the Gospel is founded on the law, in the spirit and essence of the latter.
upon—resting upon.
better promises—enumerated 히8:10, 11. The Old Testament promises were mainly of earthly, the New Testament promises, of heavenly blessings: the exact fulfilment of the earthly promises was a pledge of the fulfilment of the heavenly. "Like a physician who prescribes a certain diet to a patient, and then when the patient is beginning to recover, changes the diet, permitting what he had before forbidden; or as a teacher gives his pupil an elementary lesson at first; preparatory to leading him to a higher stage": so Rabbi Albo in his Ikkarim. Compare 렘7:21, 22, which shows that God's original design in the old covenant ritual system was, that it should be pedagogical, as a schoolmaster leading and preparing men for Christ.
【히8:7 JFB】7. Same reasoning as in 히7:11.
faultless—perfect in all its parts, so as not to be found fault with as wanting anything which ought to be there: answering all the purposes of a law. The law in its morality was blameless (Greek, "amomos"); but in saving us it was defective, and so not faultless (Greek, "amemptos").
should no place have been sought—as it has to be now; and as it is sought in the prophecy (히8:8-11). The old covenant would have anticipated all man's wants, so as to give no occasion for seeking something more perfectly adequate. Compare on the phrase "place … sought," 히12:17.
【히8:7 MHCC】The superior excellence of the priesthood of Christ, above that of Aaron, is shown from that covenant of grace, of which Christ was Mediator. The law not only made all subject to it, liable to be condemned for the guilt of sin, but also was unable to remove that guilt, and clear the conscience from the sense and terror of it. Whereas, by the blood of Christ, a full remission of sins was provided, so that God would remember them no more. God once wrote his laws to his people, now he will write his laws in them; he will give them understanding to know and to believe his laws; he will give them memories to retain them; he will give them hearts to love them, courage to profess them, and power to put them in practice. This is the foundation of the covenant; and when this is laid, duty will be done wisely, sincerely, readily, easily, resolutely, constantly, and with comfort. A plentiful outpouring of the Spirit of God will make the ministration of the gospel so effectual, that there shall be a mighty increase and spreading of Christian knowledge in persons of all sorts. Oh that this promise might be fulfilled in our days, that the hand of God may be with his ministers so that great numbers may believe, and be turned to the Lord! The pardon of sin will always be found to accompany the true knowledge of God. Notice the freeness of this pardon; its fulness; its fixedness. This pardoning mercy is connected with all other spiritual mercies: unpardoned sin hinders mercy, and pulls down judgments; but the pardon of sin prevents judgment, and opens a wide door to all spiritual blessings. Let us search whether we are taught by the Holy Spirit to know Christ, so as uprightly to love, fear, trust, and obey him. All worldly vanities, outward privileges, or mere notions of religion, will soon vanish away, and leave those who trust in them miserable for ever.
【히8:8 JFB】8. finding fault with them—the people of the old covenant, who were not made "faultless" by it (히8:7); and whose disregard of God's covenant made Him to "regard them not" (히8:9). The law is not in itself blamed, but the people who had not observed it.
he saith—(렘31:31-34; compare 겔11:19; 36:25-27). At Rama, the headquarters of Nebuzar-adan, whither the captives of Jerusalem had been led, Jeremiah uttered this prophecy of Israel's restoration under another David, whereby Rachel, wailing for her lost children, shall be comforted; literally in part fulfilled at the restoration under Zerubbabel, and more fully to be hereafter at Israel's return to their own land; spiritually fulfilled in the Gospel covenant, whereby God forgives absolutely His people's sins, and writes His law by His Spirit on the hearts of believers, the true Israel. "This prophecy forms the third part of the third trilogy of the three great trilogies into which Jeremiah's prophecies may be divided: Jeremiah 21-25, against the shepherds of the people; Jeremiah 26-29, against the false prophets; Jeremiah 30 and 31, the book of restoration" [Delitzsch in Alford].
Behold, the days come—the frequent formula introducing a Messianic prophecy.
make—Greek, "perfect"; "consummate." A suitable expression as to the new covenant, which perfected what the old could not (compare end of 히8:9, with end of 히8:10).
Israel … Judah—Therefore, the ten tribes, as well as Judah, share in the new covenant. As both shared the exile, so both shall share the literal and spiritual restoration.
【히8:9 JFB】9. Not according to, &c.—very different from, and far superior to, the old covenant, which only "worked wrath" (롬4:15) through man's "not regarding" it. The new covenant enables us to obey by the Spirit's inward impulse producing love because of the forgiveness of our sins.
made with—rather as Greek, "made to": the Israelites being only recipients, not coagents [Alford] with God.
I took them by the hand—as a father takes his child by the hand to support and guide his steps. "There are three periods: (1) that of the promise; (2) that of the pedagogical instruction; (3) that of fulfilment" [Bengel]. The second, that of the pedagogical pupilage, began at the exodus from Egypt.
I regarded them not—English Version,렘31:32, translates, "Although I was an husband unto them." Paul's translation here is supported by the Septuagint, Syriac, and Gesenius, and accords with the kindred Arabic. The Hebrews regarded not God, so God, in righteous retribution, regarded them not. On "continued not in my covenant," Schelling observes: The law was in fact the mere ideal of a religious constitution: in practice, the Jews were throughout, before the captivity, more or less polytheists, except in the time of David, and the first years of Solomon (the type of Messiah's reign). Even after the return from Babylon, idolatry was succeeded by what was not much better, formalism and hypocrisy (마12:43). The law was (1) a typical picture, tracing out the features of the glorious Gospel to be revealed; (2) it had a delegated virtue from the Gospel, which ceased, therefore, when the Gospel came.
【히8:10 JFB】10. make with—Greek, "make unto."
Israel—comprising the before disunited (히8:8) ten tribes' kingdom, and that of Judah. They are united in the spiritual Israel, the elect Church, now: they shall be so in the literal restored kingdom of Israel to come.
I will put—literally, "(I) giving." This is the first of the "better promises" (히8:6).
mind—their intelligent faculty.
in, &c.—rather, " ON their hearts." Not on tables of stone as the law (고후3:3).
write—Greek, "inscribe."
and I will be to them a God, &c.—fulfilled first in the outward kingdom of God. Next, in the inward Gospel kingdom. Thirdly, in the kingdom at once outward and inward, the spiritual being manifested outwardly (계21:3). Compare a similar progression as to the priesthood (1) 출19:6; (2) 벧전2:5; (3) 사61:6; 계1:6. This progressive advance of the significance of the Old Testament institutions, &c., says Tholuck, shows the transparency and prophetic character which runs throughout the whole.
【히8:11 JFB】11. Second of the "better promises" (히8:6).
they shall not—"they shall not have to teach" [Alford].
his neighbour—So Vulgate reads; but the oldest manuscripts have "his (fellow) citizen."
brother—a closer and more endearing relation than fellow citizen.
from the least to the greatest—Greek, "from the little one to the great one." Z전12:8, "He that is feeble among them shall be as David." Under the old covenant, the priest's lips were to keep knowledge, and at his mouth the people were to seek the law: under the new covenant, the Holy Spirit teaches every believer. Not that the mutual teaching of brethren is excluded while the covenant is being promulgated; but when once the Holy Spirit shall have fully taught all the remission of their sins and inward sanctification, then there shall be no further' need of man teaching his fellow man. Compare 살전4:9; 5:1, an earnest of that perfect state to come. On the way to that perfect state every man should teach his neighbor. "The teaching is not hard and forced, because grace renders all teachable; for it is not the ministry of the letter, but of the spirit (고후3:6). The believer's firmness does not depend on the authority of human teachers. God Himself teaches" [Bengel]. The New Testament is shorter than the Old Testament, because, instead of the details of an outward letter law, it gives the all-embracing principles of the spiritual law written on the conscience, leading one to spontaneous instinctive obedience in outward details. None save the Lord can teach effectually, "know the Lord."
【히8:12 JFB】12. For, &c.—the third of "the better promises" (히8:6). The forgiveness of sins is, and will be, the root of this new state of inward grace and knowledge of the Lord. Sin being abolished, sinners obtain grace.
I will be merciful—Greek, "propitious"; the Hebrew, "salach," is always used of God only in relation to men.
and their iniquities—not found in Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic, and one oldest Greek manuscript; but most oldest manuscripts have the words (compare 히10:17).
remember no more—Contrast the law, 히10:3.
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