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■ 호세아 4장
1. 이스라엘 자손들아 여호와의 말씀을 들으라 여호와께서 이 땅 거민과 쟁변하시나니 이 땅에는 진실도 없고 인애도 없고 하나님을 아는 지식도 없고
Hear the word of the Lord , ye children of Israel : for the Lord hath a controversy with the inhabitants of the land , because there is no truth , nor mercy , nor knowledge of God in the land .
2. 오직 저주와 사위와 살인과 투절과 간음뿐이요 강포하여 피가 피를 뒤대임이라
By swearing , and lying , and killing , and stealing , and committing adultery , they break out , and blood toucheth blood .
3. 그러므로 이 땅이 슬퍼하며 무릇 거기 거하는 자와 들짐승과 공중에 나는 새가 다 쇠잔할 것이요 바다의 고기도 없어지리라
Therefore shall the land mourn , and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish , with the beasts of the field , and with the fowls of heaven ; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away .
4. 그러나 아무 사람이든지 다투지도 말며 책망하지도 말라 네 백성들이 제사장과 다투는 자 같이 되었음이니라
Yet let no man strive , nor reprove another : for thy people are as they that strive with the priest .
5. 너는 낮에 거치겠고 너와 함께 있는 선지자는 밤에 거치리라 내가 네 어미를 멸하리라
Therefore shalt thou fall in the day , and the prophet also shall fall with thee in the night , and I will destroy thy mother .
6. 내 백성이 지식이 없으므로 망하는도다 네가 지식을 버렸으니 나도 너를 버려 내 제사장이 되지 못하게 할 것이요 네가 네 하나님의 율법을 잊었으니 나도 네 자녀들을 잊어버리리라
My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge : because thou hast rejected knowledge , I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God , I will also forget thy children .
7. 저희는 번성할수록 내게 범죄하니 내가 저희의 영화를 변하여 욕이 되게 하리라
As they were increased , so they sinned against me: therefore will I change their glory into shame .
8. 저희가 내 백성의 속죄 제물을 먹고 그 마음을 저희의 죄악에 두는도다
They eat up the sin of my people , and they set their heart on their iniquity .
9. 장차는 백성이나 제사장이나 일반이라 내가 그 소행대로 벌하며 그 소위대로 갚으리라
And there shall be, like people , like priest : and I will punish them for their ways , and reward them their doings .
10. 저희가 먹어도 배부르지 아니하며 행음하여도 수효가 더하지 못하니 이는 여호와 좇기를 그쳤음이니라
For they shall eat , and not have enough : they shall commit whoredom , and shall not increase : because they have left off to take heed to the Lord .
11. 음행과 묵은 포도주와 새 포도주가 마음을 빼앗느니라
Whoredom and wine and new wine take away the heart .
12. 내 백성이 나무를 향하여 묻고 그 막대기는 저희에게 고하나니 이는 저희가 음란한 마음에 미혹되어 그 하나님의 수하를 음란하듯 떠났음이니라
My people ask counsel at their stocks , and their staff declareth unto them: for the spirit of whoredoms hath caused them to err , and they have gone a whoring from under their God .
13. 저희가 산 꼭대기에서 제사를 드리며 작은 산 위에서 분향하되 참나무와 버드나무와 상수리나무 아래서 하니 이는 그 나무 그늘이 아름다움이라 이러므로 너희 딸들이 행음하며 너희 며느리들이 간음을 행하는도다
They sacrifice upon the tops of the mountains , and burn incense upon the hills , under oaks and poplars and elms , because the shadow thereof is good : therefore your daughters shall commit whoredom , and your spouses shall commit adultery .
14. 너희 딸들이 행음하며 너희 며느리들이 간음하여도 내가 벌하지 아니하리니 이는 남자들도 창기와 함께 나가며 음부와 함께 희생을 드림이니라 깨닫지 못하는 백성은 패망하리라
I will not punish your daughters when they commit whoredom , nor your spouses when they commit adultery : for themselves are separated with whores , and they sacrifice with harlots : therefore the people that doth not understand shall fall .
15. 이스라엘아 너는 행음하여도 유다는 죄를 범치 말아야 할 것이라 너희는 길갈로 가지 말며 벧아웬으로 올라가지 말며 여호와의 사심을 가리켜 맹세하지 말지어다
Though thou, Israel , play the harlot , yet let not Judah offend ; and come not ye unto Gilgal , neither go ye up to Beth–aven , nor swear , The Lord liveth .
16. 이스라엘은 완강한 암소처럼 완강하니 이제 여호와께서 어린 양을 넓은 들에서 먹임 같이 저희를 먹이시겠느냐
For Israel slideth back as a backsliding heifer : now the Lord will feed them as a lamb in a large place .
17. 에브라임이 우상과 연합하였으니 버려두라
Ephraim is joined to idols : let him alone .
18. 저희가 마시기를 다 하고는 행음하기를 마지 아니하며 그 방백들은 수치를 기뻐하느니라
Their drink is sour : they have committed whoredom continually : her rulers with shame do love , Give ye.
19. 바람이 그 날개로 저를 쌌나니 저희가 그 제물로 인하여 수치를 당하리라
The wind hath bound her up in her wings , and they shall be ashamed because of their sacrifices .
■ 주석 보기
【호4:1 JFB】호4:1-19. Henceforth the Prophet Speaks Plainly and without Symbol, in Terse, Sententious Propositions.
In this chapter he reproves the people and priests for their sins in the interregnum which followed Jeroboam's death; hence there is no mention of the king or his family; and in 호4:2 bloodshed and other evils usual in a civil war are specified.
1. Israel—the ten tribes.
controversy—judicial ground of complaint (사1:18; 렘25:31; 미6:2).
no … knowledge of God—exhibited in practice (렘22:16).
【호4:1 CWC】[JEHOVAH'S LOVE FOR ISRAEL]
With Hosea begins the "Minor" prophets, extending to the close of the Old Testament, and so-called to distinguish them from the "Major," the first four already considered. The major are the more important not as to their contents but their size; and yet the minor prophets are, in principle, only repeating what the major prophets have recorded over and over again.
For this reason the minor prophets will be considered briefly. It may be repeated that we are not attempting to treat every chapter and verse in the Bible in detail. So far as the prophets are concerned, however, we have set forth the great subjects with which they alike deal, and in the laws of recurrence and double reference have indicated the path by which the student may with care find his own way through any of them. Of course, there always will be things calling for explanation which only the larger commentaries or Bible dictionaries can supply, but along the broader lines of study we trust these comments will be found helpful. In their use it is presupposed the reader is going through the Bible in regular order for the purpose of studying or teaching it in its completeness as a revelation of God.
The General Contents of the Chapters.
With the above understanding in view, it will be found that the following chapters in this book are simply giving in detail what the first three reveal in outline. They speak of Israel's unfaithfulness to Jehovah, and these enlarge on the expressions of that unfaithfulness.
For example, chapter 4 charges the nation with, "swearing and lying, and killing and stealing, and committing adultery" (2). People, priests and prophets are alike (4, 5). Idolatry flourishes with all its licentious accompaniments (12-14). Judah is warned by Israel's declension (15-19) but the next chapter indicates that the warning will profit her little.
Chapter 6 opens with a prophetic expression of repentance on Israel's part -- prophetic in the sense that as a nation she has not yet taken that attitude, although she will be led to do so in the latter days (1-3). Suddenly, at verse 4, Jehovah is introduced as pleading with her under the name of Ephraim her chief tribe, and pleading with her sister Judah as well. The plea is accompanied by explanation of their chastisement (4-11).
This thought is continued in the next chapters where Israel's folly in turning for help, first to Egypt and then to Assyria, is pointed out (12). The marginal references direct the reader to Kings where these matters were spoken of in their historic setting.
The style of Hosea is abrupt and broken, but the ejaculations in which it abounds are frequently expressions of God's wonderful love for His people. Examine especially 11:1-4, 8, 9. Sometimes it is difficult to determine when the prophet is expressing only his own feelings toward his nation rather than Jehovah's, and yet even in those instances it is the Holy Spirit using the feelings of man to illustrate the tenderness of the heart of God.
The Appeal to the Backslider.
But the chapter expressing this tenderness the most is the last, and though the reader finds it necessary to hasten over those intervening, he should pause here.
Note God's appeal coupled with His condemnation (1). Consider His kindness in setting before His people the way to return (2, 3). They are to take words, not works -- words of confession, faith, consecration, repentance. Look at the attitude in which He will meet them, and the promises He gives them (4-7). Here is growth, strength, expansion, loveliness and beneficence -- all to be theirs in that day.
Verse 8 is a kind of divine soliloquy. Jehovah hears Israel's repentance, and her testimony to renewing grace, and assures her of Himself as its source.
The chapter closes with an exhortation as applicable to us as to her.
【호4:1 MHCC】 God's judgments against the sins of the people. (호4:1-5) and of the priests. (호4:6-11) Idolatry is reproved, and Judah is admonished. (호4:12-19)
호4:1-5 Hosea reproves for immorality, as well as idolatry. There was no truth, mercy, or knowledge of God in the land: it was full of murders, II Kin. 21:16. Therefore calamities were near, which would desolate the country. Our sins, as separate persons, as a family, as a neighbourhood, as a nation, cause the Lord to have a controversy with us; let us submit and humble ourselves before Him, that he may not go on to destroy.
호4:6-11 Both priests and people rejected knowledge; God will justly reject them. They forgot the law of God, neither desired nor endeavoured to retain it in mind, and to transmit the remembrance to their posterity; therefore God will justly forget them and their children. If we dishonour God with that which is our honour, it will, sooner or later, be turned into shame to us. Instead of warning the people against sin, from the consideration of the sacrifices, which showed what an offence sin was to God, since it needed an atonement, the priests encouraged the people to sin, since atonement might be made at so small an expense. It is very wicked to be pleased with the sins of others, because they may turn to our advantage. What is unlawfully gained, cannot be comfortably used. The people and the priests hardened one another in sin; therefore justly shall they share in the punishment. Sharers in sin must expect to share in ruin. Any lust harboured in the heart, in time will eat out all its strength and vigour. That is the reason why many professors grow so heavy, so dull, so dead in the way of religion. They have a liking for some secret lust, which takes away their hearts.
호4:12-19 The people consulted images, and not the Divine word. This would lead to disorder and sin. Thus men prepare scourges for themselves, and vice is spread through a people. Let not Judah come near the idolatrous worship of Israel. For Israel was devoted to idols, and must now be let alone. When sinners cast off the easy yoke of Christ, they go on in sin till the Lord saith, Let them alone. Then they receive no more warnings, feel no more convictions: Satan takes full possession of them, and they ripen for destruction. It is a sad and sore judgment for any man to be let alone in sin. Those who are not disturbed in their sin, will be destroyed for their sin. May we be kept from this awful state; for the wrath of God, like a strong tempest, will soon hurry impenitent sinners into ruin.
【호4:2 JFB】2. they break out—bursting through every restraint.
blood toucheth blood—literally, "bloods." One act of bloodshed follows another without any interval between (see 왕하15:8-16, 25; 미7:2).
【호4:3 JFB】3. land … languish—(사19:8; 24:4; Joe 1:10, 12).
sea—including all bodies of water, as pools and even rivers (see on 사19:5). A general drought, the greatest calamity in the East, is threatened.
【호4:4 JFB】4. let no man … reprove—Great as is the sin of Israel, it is hopeless to reprove them; for their presumptuous guilt is as great as that of one who refuses to obey the priest when giving judgment in the name of Jehovah, and who therefore is to be put to death (신17:12). They rush on to their own destruction as wilfully as such a one.
thy people—the ten tribes of Israel; distinct from Judah (호4:1).
【호4:5 JFB】5. fall in the day—in broad daylight, a time when an attack would not be expected (see on 렘6:4, 5; 렘15:8).
in … night—No time, night or day, shall be free from the slaughter of individuals of the people, as well as of the false prophets.
thy mother—the Israelitish state, of which the citizens are the children (호2:2).
【호4:6 JFB】6. lack of knowledge—"of God" (호4:1), that is, lack of piety. Their ignorance was wilful, as the epithet, "My people," implies; they ought to have known, having the opportunity, as the people of God.
thou—O priest, so-called. Not regularly constituted, but still bearing the name, while confounding the worship of Jehovah and of the calves in Beth-el (왕상12:29, 31).
I will … forget thy children—Not only those who then were alive should be deprived of the priesthood, but their children who, in the ordinary course would have succeeded them, should be set aside.
【호4:7 JFB】7. As they were increased—in numbers and power. Compare 호4:6, "thy children," to which their "increase" in numbers refers.
so they sinned—(Compare 호10:1 and 호13:6).
will I change their glory into shame—that is, I will strip them of all they now glory in (their numbers and power), and give them shame instead. A just retribution: as they changed their glory into shame, by idolatry (시106:20; 렘2:11; 롬1:23; 빌3:19).
【호4:8 JFB】8. eat … sin of my people—that is, the sin offerings (레6:26; 10:17). The priests greedily devoured them.
set their heart on their iniquity—literally, "lift up the animal soul to lust after," or strongly desire. Compare 신24:15, Margin;시24:4; 렘22:27. The priests set their own hearts on the iniquity of the people, instead of trying to suppress it. For the more the people sinned, the more sacrificial victims in atonement for sin the priests gained.
【호4:9 JFB】9. like people, like priest—They are one in guilt; therefore they shall be one in punishment (사24:2).
reward them their doings—in homely phrase, "pay them back in their own coin" (잠1:31).
【호4:10 JFB】10. eat, and not have enough—just retribution on those who "eat up (greedily) the sin of My people" (호4:8; 미6:14; 학1:6).
whoredom, and … not increase—literally, "break forth"; used of giving birth to children (창28:14, Margin; compare 창38:29). Not only their wives, but their concubines, shall be barren. To be childless was considered a great calamity among the Jews.
【호4:11 JFB】11. A moral truth applicable to all times. The special reference here is to the licentious orgies connected with the Syrian worship, which lured Israel away from the pure worship of God (사28:1, 7; 암4:1).
take away the heart—that is, the understanding; make men blind to their own true good (전7:7).
【호4:12 JFB】12. Instances of their understanding ("heart") being "taken away."
stocks—wooden idols (렘2:27; 합2:19).
staff—alluding to divination by rods (see on 겔21:21, 22). The diviner, says Rosenmuller, threw a rod from him, which was stripped of its bark on one side, not on the other: if the bare side turned uppermost, it was a good omen; if the side with the bark, it was a bad omen. The Arabs used two rods, the one marked God bids, the other, God forbids; whichever came out first, in drawing them out of a case, gave the omen for, or against, an undertaking.
declareth—that is, is consulted to inform them of future events.
spirit of whoredoms—a general disposition on the part of all towards idolatry (호5:4).
err—go astray from the true God.
from under their God—They have gone away from God under whom they were, as a wife is under the dominion of her husband.
【호4:13 JFB】13. upon … mountains—High places were selected by idolaters on which to sacrifice, because of their greater nearness to the heavenly hosts which they worshipped (신12:2).
elms—rather, "terebinths" [Maurer].
shadow … good—screening the lascivious worshippers from the heat of the sun.
daughters … commit whoredom … spouses … adultery—in the polluted worship of Astarte, the Phœnician goddess of love.
【호4:14 JFB】14. I will not punish … daughters—I will visit with the heaviest punishments "not" the unchaste "daughters and spouses," but the fathers and husbands; for it is these who "themselves" have set the bad example, so that as compared with the punishment of the latter, that of the former shall seem as nothing [Munster].
separated with whores—withdrawn from the assembly of worshippers to some receptacle of impurity for carnal connection with whores.
sacrifice with harlots—They commit lewdness with women who devote their persons to be violated in honor of Astarte. (So the Hebrew for "harlots" means, as distinguished from "whores"). Compare 민25:1-3; and the prohibition, 신23:18.
not understand—(사44:18; 45:20).
shall fall—shall be cast down.
【호4:15 JFB】15. Though Israel's ten tribes indulge in spiritual harlotry, at least thou, Judah, who hast the legal priesthood, and the temple rites, and Jerusalem, do not follow her bad example.
Gilgal—situated between Jordan and Jericho on the confines of Samaria; once a holy place to Jehovah (수5:10-15; 삼상10:8; 15:21); afterwards desecrated by idol-worship (호9:15; 12:11; 암4:4; 5:5; compare 유3:19, Margin).
Beth-aven—that is, "house of vanity" or idols: a name substituted in contempt for Beth-el, "the house of God"; once sacred to Jehovah (창28:17, 19; 35:7), but made by Jeroboam the seat of the worship of the calves (왕상12:28-33; 13:1; 렘48:13; 암3:14; 7:13). "Go up" refers to the fact that Beth-el was on a hill (수16:1).
nor swear, The Lord liveth—This formula of oath was appointed by God Himself (신6:13; 10:20; 렘4:2). It is therefore here forbidden not absolutely, but in conjunction with idolatry and falsehood (사48:1; 겔20:39; 습1:5).
【호4:16 JFB】16. backsliding—Translate, "Israel is refractory, as a refractory heifer," namely, one that throws the yoke off her neck. Israel had represented God under the form of "calves" (왕상12:28); but it is she herself who is one.
lamb in a large place—not in a good sense, as in 사30:23. Here there is irony: lambs like a large pasture; but it is not so safe for them as a small one, duly fenced from wild beasts. God will "feed" them, but it shall be with the "rod" (미7:14). It shall be no longer in the narrow territory of Israel, but "in a large place," namely, they shall be scattered in exile over the wide realm of Assyria, a prey to their foes; as lambs, which are timid, gregarious, and not solitary, are a prey when scattered asunder to wild beasts.
【호4:17 JFB】17. Ephraim—the ten tribes. Judah was at this time not so given to idolatry as afterwards.
joined to—closely and voluntarily; identifying themselves with them as a whoremonger becomes one flesh with the harlot (민25:3; 고전6:16, 17).
idols—The Hebrew means also "sorrows," "pains," implying the pain which idolatry brings on its votaries.
let him alone—Leave him to himself. Let him reap the fruits of his own perverse choice; his case is desperate; say nothing to him (compare 렘7:16). Here 호4:15 shows the address is to Judah, to avoid the contagion of Israel's bad example. He is bent on his own ruin; leave him to his fate, lest, instead of saving him, thou fall thyself (사48:20; 렘50:8; 51:6, 45; 고후6:17).
【호4:18 JFB】18. Their drink is sour—metaphor for utter degeneracy of principle (사1:22). Or, unbridled licentiousness; not mere ordinary sin, but as abandoned as drunkards who vomit and smell sour with wine potations [Calvin]. Maurer not so well translates, "When their drinking is over, they commit whoredoms," namely, in honor of Astarte (호4:13, 14).
her rulers—Israel's; literally, "shields" (compare 시47:9).
with shame … love, Give ye—(잠30:15). No remedy could be effectual against their corruptions since the very rulers sold justice for gifts [Calvin]. Maurer translates, "The rulers are marvelously enamored of shame." English Version is better.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.