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■ 호세아 13장
1. 에브라임이 말을 발하면 사람이 떨었도다 저가 이스라엘 중에서 자기를 높이더니 바알로 인하여 범죄하므로 망하였거늘
When Ephraim spake trembling , he exalted himself in Israel ; but when he offended in Baal , he died .
2. 이제도 저희가 더욱 범죄하여 그 은으로 자기를 위하여 우상을 부어 만들되 자기의 공교함을 따라 우상을 만들었으며 그것은 다 장색이 만든 것이어늘 저희가 그것에 대하여 말하기를 제사를 드리는 자는 송아지의 입을 맞출 것이라 하도다
And now they sin more and more , and have made them molten images of their silver , and idols according to their own understanding , all of it the work of the craftsmen : they say of them, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves .
3. 이러므로 저희는 아침 구름 같으며 쉽게 사라지는 이슬 같으며 타작 마당에서 광풍에 날리우는 쭉정이 같으며 굴뚝에서 나가는 연기 같으리라
Therefore they shall be as the morning cloud , and as the early dew that passeth away , as the chaff that is driven with the whirlwind out of the floor , and as the smoke out of the chimney .
4. 그러나 네가 애굽 땅에서 나옴으로부터 나는 네 하나님 여호와라 나 밖에 네가 다른 신을 알지 말 것이라 나 외에는 구원자가 없느니라
Yet I am the Lord thy God from the land of Egypt , and thou shalt know no god but me : for there is no saviour beside me .
5. 내가 광야 마른 땅에서 너를 권고하였거늘
I did know thee in the wilderness , in the land of great drought .
6. 저희가 먹이운 대로 배부르며 배부름으로 마음이 교만하며 이로 인하여 나를 잊었느니라
According to their pasture , so were they filled ; they were filled , and their heart was exalted ; therefore have they forgotten me.
7. 그러므로 내가 저희에게 사자같고 길 가에서 기다리는 표범 같으니라
Therefore I will be unto them as a lion : as a leopard by the way will I observe them:
8. 내가 새끼 잃은 곰 같이 저희를 만나 그 염통 꺼풀을 찢고 거기서 암사자 같이 저희를 삼키리라 들짐승이 저희를 찢으리라
I will meet them as a bear that is bereaved of her whelps, and will rend the caul of their heart , and there will I devour them like a lion : the wild beast shall tear them.
9. 이스라엘아 네가 패망하였나니 이는 너를 도와주는 나를 대적함이니라
O Israel , thou hast destroyed thyself; but in me is thine help .
10. 전에 네가 이르기를 내게 왕과 방백들을 주소서 하였느니라 네 모든 성읍에서 너를 구원할 자 네 왕이 이제 어디 있으며 네 재판장들이 어디 있느냐
I will be thy king : where is any other that may save thee in all thy cities ? and thy judges of whom thou saidst , Give me a king and princes ?
11. 내가 분노하므로 네게 왕을 주고 진노하므로 폐하였노라
I gave thee a king in mine anger , and took him away in my wrath .
12. 에브라임의 불의가 봉함되었고 그 죄가 저장되었나니
The iniquity of Ephraim is bound up ; his sin is hid .
13. 해산하는 여인의 어려움이 저에게 임하리라 저는 어리석은 자식이로다 때가 임하였나니 산문에서 지체할 것이 아니니라
The sorrows of a travailing woman shall come upon him: he is an unwise son ; for he should not stay long in the place of the breaking forth of children .
14. 내가 저희를 음부의 권세에서 속량하며 사망에서 구속하리니 사망아 네 재앙이 어디 있느냐 음부야 네 멸망이 어디 있느냐 뉘우침이 내 목전에 숨으리라
I will ransom them from the power of the grave ; I will redeem them from death : O death , I will be thy plagues ; O grave , I will be thy destruction : repentance shall be hid from mine eyes .
15. 저가 비록 형제 중에서 결실하나 동풍이 오리니 곧 광야에서 일어나는 여호와의 바람이라 그 근원이 마르며 그 샘이 마르고 그 적축한 바 모든 보배의 그릇이 약탈되리로다
Though he be fruitful among his brethren , an east wind shall come , the wind of the Lord shall come up from the wilderness , and his spring shall become dry , and his fountain shall be dried up : he shall spoil the treasure of all pleasant vessels .
16. 사마리아가 그 하나님을 배반하였으므로 형벌을 당하여 칼에 엎드러질 것이요 그 어린 아이는 부숴뜨리우며 그 아이 밴 여인은 배가 갈리우리라
Samaria shall become desolate ; for she hath rebelled against her God : they shall fall by the sword : their infants shall be dashed in pieces , and their women with child shall be ripped up .
■ 주석 보기
【호13:1 JFB】호13:1-16. Ephraim's Sinful Ingratitude to God, and Its Fatal Consequence; God's Promise at Last.
This chapter and the fourteenth chapter probably belong to the troubled times that followed Pekah's murder by Hoshea (compare 호13:11; 왕하15:30). The subject is the idolatry of Ephraim, notwithstanding God's past benefits, destined to be his ruin.
1. When Ephraim spake trembling—rather, "When Ephraim (the tribe most powerful among the twelve in Israel's early history) spake (authoritatively) there was trembling"; all reverentially feared him [Jerome], (compare 욥29:8, 9, 21).
offended in Baal—that is, in respect to Baal, by worshipping him (왕상16:31), under Ahab; a more heinous offense than even the calves. Therefore it is at this climax of guilt that Ephraim "died." Sin has, in the sight of God, within itself the germ of death, though that death may not visibly take effect till long after. Compare 롬7:9, "Sin revived, and I died." So Adam in the day of his sin was to die, though the sentence was not visibly executed till long after (창2:17; 5:5). Israel is similarly represented as politically dead in 겔37:1-28.
【호13:1 CWC】[JEHOVAH'S LOVE FOR ISRAEL]
With Hosea begins the "Minor" prophets, extending to the close of the Old Testament, and so-called to distinguish them from the "Major," the first four already considered. The major are the more important not as to their contents but their size; and yet the minor prophets are, in principle, only repeating what the major prophets have recorded over and over again.
For this reason the minor prophets will be considered briefly. It may be repeated that we are not attempting to treat every chapter and verse in the Bible in detail. So far as the prophets are concerned, however, we have set forth the great subjects with which they alike deal, and in the laws of recurrence and double reference have indicated the path by which the student may with care find his own way through any of them. Of course, there always will be things calling for explanation which only the larger commentaries or Bible dictionaries can supply, but along the broader lines of study we trust these comments will be found helpful. In their use it is presupposed the reader is going through the Bible in regular order for the purpose of studying or teaching it in its completeness as a revelation of God.
The General Contents of the Chapters.
With the above understanding in view, it will be found that the following chapters in this book are simply giving in detail what the first three reveal in outline. They speak of Israel's unfaithfulness to Jehovah, and these enlarge on the expressions of that unfaithfulness.
For example, chapter 4 charges the nation with, "swearing and lying, and killing and stealing, and committing adultery" (2). People, priests and prophets are alike (4, 5). Idolatry flourishes with all its licentious accompaniments (12-14). Judah is warned by Israel's declension (15-19) but the next chapter indicates that the warning will profit her little.
Chapter 6 opens with a prophetic expression of repentance on Israel's part -- prophetic in the sense that as a nation she has not yet taken that attitude, although she will be led to do so in the latter days (1-3). Suddenly, at verse 4, Jehovah is introduced as pleading with her under the name of Ephraim her chief tribe, and pleading with her sister Judah as well. The plea is accompanied by explanation of their chastisement (4-11).
This thought is continued in the next chapters where Israel's folly in turning for help, first to Egypt and then to Assyria, is pointed out (12). The marginal references direct the reader to Kings where these matters were spoken of in their historic setting.
The style of Hosea is abrupt and broken, but the ejaculations in which it abounds are frequently expressions of God's wonderful love for His people. Examine especially 11:1-4, 8, 9. Sometimes it is difficult to determine when the prophet is expressing only his own feelings toward his nation rather than Jehovah's, and yet even in those instances it is the Holy Spirit using the feelings of man to illustrate the tenderness of the heart of God.
The Appeal to the Backslider.
But the chapter expressing this tenderness the most is the last, and though the reader finds it necessary to hasten over those intervening, he should pause here.
Note God's appeal coupled with His condemnation (1). Consider His kindness in setting before His people the way to return (2, 3). They are to take words, not works -- words of confession, faith, consecration, repentance. Look at the attitude in which He will meet them, and the promises He gives them (4-7). Here is growth, strength, expansion, loveliness and beneficence -- all to be theirs in that day.
Verse 8 is a kind of divine soliloquy. Jehovah hears Israel's repentance, and her testimony to renewing grace, and assures her of Himself as its source.
The chapter closes with an exhortation as applicable to us as to her.
【호13:1 MHCC】 The abuse of God's favour leads to punishment. (호13:1-8) A promise of God's mercy. (호13:9-16)
호13:1-8 While Ephraim kept up a holy fear of God, and worshipped Him in that fear, so long he was very considerable. When Ephraim forsook God, and followed idolatry, he sunk. Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves, in token of their adoration of them, affection for them, and obedience to them; but the Lord will not give his glory to another, and therefore all that worship images shall be confounded. No solid, lasting comfort, is to be expected any where but in God. God not only took care of the Israelites in the wilderness, he put them in possession of Canaan, a good land; but worldly prosperity, when it feeds men's pride, makes them forgetful of God. Therefore the Lord would meet them in just vengeance, as the most terrible beast that inhabited their forests. Abused goodness calls for greater severity.
호13:9-16 Israel had destroyed himself by his rebellion; but he could not save himself, his help was from the Lord only. This may well be applied to the case of spiritual redemption, from that lost state into which all have fallen by wilful sins. God often gives in displeasure what we sinfully desire. It is the happiness of the saints, that, whether God gives or takes away, all is in love. But it is the misery of the wicked, that, whether God gives or takes away, it is all in wrath, nothing is comfortable. Except sinners repent and believe the gospel, anguish will soon come upon them. The prophecy of the ruin of Israel as a nation, also showed there would be a merciful and powerful interposition of God, to save a remnant of them. Yet this was but a shadow of the ransom of the true Israel, by the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ. He will destroy death and the grave. The Lord would not repent of his purpose and promise. Yet, in the mean time, Israel would be desolated for her sins. Without fruitfulness in good works, springing from the Holy Spirit, all other fruitfulness will be found as empty as the uncertain riches of the world. The wrath of God will wither its branches, its sprigs shall be dried up, it shall come to nothing. Woes, more terrible than any from the most cruel warfare, shall fall on those who rebel against God. From such miseries, and from sin, the cause of them, may the Lord deliver us.
【호13:2 JFB】2. according to their own understanding—that is, their arbitrary devising. Compare "will-worship," 골2:23. Men are not to be "wise above that which is written," or to follow their own understanding, but God's command in worship.
kiss the calves—an act of adoration to the golden calves (compare 왕상19:18; 욥31:27; 시2:12).
【호13:3 JFB】3. they shall be as the morning cloud … dew—(호6:4). As their "goodness" soon vanished like the morning cloud and dew, so they shall perish like them.
the floor—the threshing-floor, generally an open area, on a height, exposed to the winds.
chimney—generally in the East an orifice in the wall, at once admitting the light, and giving egress to the smoke.
【호13:4 JFB】4. (호12:9; 사43:11).
no saviour—temporal as well as spiritual.
besides me—(사45:21).
【호13:5 JFB】5. I did know thee—did acknowledge thee as Mine, and so took care of thee (시144:3; 암3:2). As I knew thee as Mine, so thou shouldest know no God but Me (호13:4).
in … land of … drought—(신8:15).
【호13:6 JFB】6. Image from cattle, waxing wanton in abundant pasture (compare 호2:5, 8; 신32:13-15). In proportion as I fed them to the full, they were so satiated that "their heart was exalted"; a sad contrast to the time when, by God's blessing, Ephraim truly "exalted himself in Israel" (호13:1).
therefore have they forgotten me—the very reason why men should remember God (namely, prosperity, which comes from Him) is the cause often of their forgetting Him. God had warned them of this danger (신6:11, 12).
【호13:7 JFB】7. (호5:14; 애3:10).
leopard—The Hebrew comes from a root meaning "spotted" (compare 렘13:23). Leopards lurk in thickets and thence spring on their victims.
observe—that is, lie in wait for them. Several manuscripts, the Septuagint, Vulgate, Syriac, and Arabic read, by a slight change of the Hebrew vowel pointing, "by the way of Assyria," a region abounding in leopards and lions. English Version is better.
【호13:8 JFB】8. "Writers on the natures of beasts say that none is more savage than a she bear, when bereaved of her whelps" [Jerome].
caul of … heart—the membrane enclosing it: the pericardium.
there—"by the way" (호13:7).
【호13:9 JFB】9. thou … in me—in contrast.
hast destroyed thyself—that is, thy destruction is of thyself (잠6:32; 8:36).
in me is thine help—literally, "in thine help" (compare 신33:26). Hadst thou rested thy hope in Me, I would have been always ready at hand for thy help [Grotius].
【호13:10 JFB】10. I will be thy king; where—rather, as the Margin and the Septuagint, Syriac, Vulgate, "Where now is thy king?" [Maurer]. English Version is, however, favored both by the Hebrew, by the antithesis between Israel's self-chosen and perishing kings, and God, Israel's abiding King (compare 호3:4, 5).
where … Give me a king—Where now is the king whom ye substituted in My stead? Neither Saul, whom the whole nation begged for, not contented with Me their true king (삼상8:5, 7, 19, 20; 10:19), nor Jeroboam, whom subsequently the ten tribes chose instead of the line of David My anointed, can save thee now. They had expected from their kings what is the prerogative of God alone, namely, the power of saving them.
judges—including all civil authorities under the king (compare 암2:3).
【호13:11 JFB】11. I gave … king in … anger … took … away in … wrath—true both of Saul (삼상15:22, 23; 16:1) and of Jeroboam's line (왕하15:30). Pekah was taken away through Hoshea, as he himself took away Pekahiah; and as Hoshea was soon to be taken away by the Assyrian king.
【호13:12 JFB】12. bound up … hid—Treasures, meant to be kept, are bound up and hidden; that is, do not flatter yourselves, because of the delay, that I have forgotten your sin. Nay (호9:9), Ephraim's iniquity is kept as it were safely sealed up, until the due time comes for bringing it forth for punishment (신32:34; 욥14:17; 21:19; compare 롬2:5). Opposed to "blotting out the handwriting against" the sinner (골2:14).
【호13:13 JFB】13. sorrows of a travailing woman—calamities sudden and agonizing (렘30:6).
unwise—in not foreseeing the impending judgment, and averting it by penitence (잠22:3).
he should not stay long in the place of the breaking forth of children—When Israel might deliver himself from calamity by the pangs of penitence, he brings ruin on himself by so long deferring a new birth unto repentance, like a child whose mother has not strength to bring it forth, and which therefore remains so long in the passage from the womb as to run the risk of death (왕하19:3; 사37:3; 66:9).
【호13:14 JFB】14. Applying primarily to God's restoration of Israel from Assyria partially, and, in times yet future, fully from all the lands of their present long-continued dispersion, and political death (compare 호6:2; 사25:8; 26:19; 겔37:12). God's power and grace are magnified in quickening what to the eye of flesh seems dead and hopeless (롬4:17, 19). As Israel's history, past and future, has a representative character in relation to the Church, this verse is expressed in language alluding to Messiah's (who is the ideal Israel) grand victory over the grave and death, the first-fruits of His own resurrection, the full harvest to come at the general resurrection; hence the similarity between this verse and Paul's language as to the latter (고전15:55). That similarity becomes more obvious by translating as the Septuagint, from which Paul plainly quotes; and as the same Hebrew word is translated in 호13:10, "O death, where are thy plagues (paraphrased by the Septuagint, 'thy victory')? O grave, where is thy destruction (rendered by the Septuagint, 'thy sting')?" The question is that of one triumphing over a foe, once a cruel tyrant, but now robbed of all power to hurt.
repentance shall be hid from mine eyes—that is, I will not change My purpose of fulfilling My promise by delivering Israel, on the condition of their return to Me (compare 호14:2-8; 민23:19; 롬11:29).
【호13:15 JFB】15. fruitful—referring to the meaning of "Ephraim," from a Hebrew root, "to be fruitful" (창41:52). It was long the most numerous and flourishing of the tribes (창48:19).
wind of the Lord—that is, sent by the Lord (compare 사40:7), who has His instruments of punishment always ready. The Assyrian, Shalmaneser, &c., is meant (렘4:11; 18:17; 겔19:12).
from the wilderness—that is, the desert part of Syria (왕상19:15), the route from Assyria into Israel.
he—the Assyrian invader. Shalmaneser began the siege of Samaria in 723 B.C. Its close was in 721 B.C., the first year of Sargon, who seems to have usurped the throne of Assyria while Shalmaneser was at the siege of Samaria. Hence, while 왕하17:6 states, "the king of Assyria took Samaria," 왕하18:10 says, "at the end of three years they took it." In Sargon's magnificent palace at Khorsabad, inscriptions mention the number—27,280—of Israelites carried captive from Samaria and other places of Israel by the founder of the palace [G. V. Smith].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.