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■ 호세아 11장
1. 이스라엘의 어렸을 때에 내가 사랑하여 내 아들을 애굽에서 불러내었거늘
When Israel was a child , then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt .
2. 선지자들이 저희를 부를수록 저희가 점점 멀리하고 바알들에게 제사하며 아로새긴 우상 앞에서 분향하였느니라
As they called them, so they went from them : they sacrificed unto Baalim , and burned incense to graven images .
3. 그러나 내가 에브라임에게 걸음을 가르치고 내 팔로 안을지라도 내가 저희를 고치는 줄을 저희가 알지 못하였도다
I taught Ephraim also to go , taking them by their arms ; but they knew not that I healed them.
4. 내가 사람의 줄 곧 사랑의 줄로 저희를 이끌었고 저희에게 대하여 그 목에서 멍에를 벗기는 자 같이 되었으며 저희 앞에서 먹을 것을 두었었노라
I drew them with cords of a man , with bands of love : and I was to them as they that take off the yoke on their jaws , and I laid meat unto them.
5. 저희가 애굽 땅으로 다시 가지 못하겠거늘 내게 돌아오기를 싫어하니 앗수르 사람이 그 임금이 될 것이라
He shall not return into the land of Egypt , but the Assyrian shall be his king , because they refused to return .
6. 칼이 저희의 성읍들을 치며 빗장을 깨뜨려 없이 하리니 이는 저희의 계책을 인함이니라
And the sword shall abide on his cities , and shall consume his branches , and devour them, because of their own counsels .
7. 내 백성이 결심하고 내게서 물러가나니 비록 저희를 불러 위에 계신 자에게로 돌아오라 할지라도 일어나는 자가 하나도 없도다
And my people are bent to backsliding from me: though they called them to the most High , none at all would exalt him.
8. 에브라임이여 내가 어찌 너를 놓겠느냐 이스라엘이여 내가 어찌 너를 버리겠느냐 내가 어찌 아드마 같이 놓겠느냐 어찌 너를 스보임 같이 두겠느냐 내 마음이 내 속에서 돌아서 나의 긍휼이 온전히 불붙듯 하도다
How shall I give thee up , Ephraim ? how shall I deliver thee, Israel ? how shall I make thee as Admah ? how shall I set thee as Zeboim ? mine heart is turned within me, my repentings are kindled together .
9. 내가 나의 맹렬한 진노를 발하지 아니하며 내가 다시는 에브라임을 멸하지 아니하리니 이는 내가 사람이 아니요 하나님임이라 나는 네 가운데 거하는 거룩한 자니 진노함으로 네게 임하지 아니하리라
I will not execute the fierceness of mine anger , I will not return to destroy Ephraim : for I am God , and not man ; the Holy One in the midst of thee: and I will not enter into the city .
10. 저희가 사자처럼 소리를 발하시는 여호와를 좇을 것이라 여호와께서 소리를 발하시면 자손들이 서편에서부터 떨며 오되
They shall walk after the Lord : he shall roar like a lion : when he shall roar , then the children shall tremble from the west .
11. 저희가 애굽에서부터 새 같이 앗수르에서부터 비둘기 같이 떨며 오리니 내가 저희로 각 집에 머물게 하리라 나 여호와의 말이니라
They shall tremble as a bird out of Egypt , and as a dove out of the land of Assyria : and I will place them in their houses , saith the Lord .
12. 에브라임은 거짓으로, 이스라엘 족속은 궤휼로 나를 에워쌌고 유다는 하나님 곧 신실하시고 거룩하신 자에게 대하여 정함이 없도다
Ephraim compasseth me about with lies , and the house of Israel with deceit : but Judah yet ruleth with God , and is faithful with the saints .
■ 주석 보기
【호11:1 JFB】호11:1-12. God's Former Benefits, and Israel's Ingratitude Resulting in Punishment, Yet Jehovah Promises Restoration at Last.
호11:5 shows this prophecy was uttered after the league made with Egypt (왕하17:4).
1. Israel … called my son out of Egypt—Bengel translates, "From the time that he (Israel) was in Egypt, I called him My son," which the parallelism proves. So 호12:9 and 호13:4 use "from … Egypt," for "from the time that thou didst sojourn in Egypt." 출4:22 also shows that Israel was called by God, "My son," from the time of his Egyptian sojourn (사43:1). God is always said to have led or brought forth, not to have "called," Israel from Egypt. 마2:15, therefore, in quoting this prophecy (typically and primarily referring to Israel, antitypically and fully to Messiah), applies it to Jesus' sojourn in Egypt, not His return from it. Even from His infancy, partly spent in Egypt, God called Him His son. God included Messiah, and Israel for Messiah's sake, in one common love, and therefore in one common prophecy. Messiah's people and Himself are one, as the Head and the body. 사49:3 calls Him "Israel." The same general reason, danger of extinction, caused the infant Jesus, and Israel in its national infancy (compare 창42:1-43:34; 45:18; 46:3, 4; 겔16:4-6; 렘31:20) to sojourn in Egypt. So He, and His spiritual Israel, are already called "God's sons" while yet in the Egypt of the world.
【호11:1 CWC】[JEHOVAH'S LOVE FOR ISRAEL]
With Hosea begins the "Minor" prophets, extending to the close of the Old Testament, and so-called to distinguish them from the "Major," the first four already considered. The major are the more important not as to their contents but their size; and yet the minor prophets are, in principle, only repeating what the major prophets have recorded over and over again.
For this reason the minor prophets will be considered briefly. It may be repeated that we are not attempting to treat every chapter and verse in the Bible in detail. So far as the prophets are concerned, however, we have set forth the great subjects with which they alike deal, and in the laws of recurrence and double reference have indicated the path by which the student may with care find his own way through any of them. Of course, there always will be things calling for explanation which only the larger commentaries or Bible dictionaries can supply, but along the broader lines of study we trust these comments will be found helpful. In their use it is presupposed the reader is going through the Bible in regular order for the purpose of studying or teaching it in its completeness as a revelation of God.
The General Contents of the Chapters.
With the above understanding in view, it will be found that the following chapters in this book are simply giving in detail what the first three reveal in outline. They speak of Israel's unfaithfulness to Jehovah, and these enlarge on the expressions of that unfaithfulness.
For example, chapter 4 charges the nation with, "swearing and lying, and killing and stealing, and committing adultery" (2). People, priests and prophets are alike (4, 5). Idolatry flourishes with all its licentious accompaniments (12-14). Judah is warned by Israel's declension (15-19) but the next chapter indicates that the warning will profit her little.
Chapter 6 opens with a prophetic expression of repentance on Israel's part -- prophetic in the sense that as a nation she has not yet taken that attitude, although she will be led to do so in the latter days (1-3). Suddenly, at verse 4, Jehovah is introduced as pleading with her under the name of Ephraim her chief tribe, and pleading with her sister Judah as well. The plea is accompanied by explanation of their chastisement (4-11).
This thought is continued in the next chapters where Israel's folly in turning for help, first to Egypt and then to Assyria, is pointed out (12). The marginal references direct the reader to Kings where these matters were spoken of in their historic setting.
The style of Hosea is abrupt and broken, but the ejaculations in which it abounds are frequently expressions of God's wonderful love for His people. Examine especially 11:1-4, 8, 9. Sometimes it is difficult to determine when the prophet is expressing only his own feelings toward his nation rather than Jehovah's, and yet even in those instances it is the Holy Spirit using the feelings of man to illustrate the tenderness of the heart of God.
The Appeal to the Backslider.
But the chapter expressing this tenderness the most is the last, and though the reader finds it necessary to hasten over those intervening, he should pause here.
Note God's appeal coupled with His condemnation (1). Consider His kindness in setting before His people the way to return (2, 3). They are to take words, not works -- words of confession, faith, consecration, repentance. Look at the attitude in which He will meet them, and the promises He gives them (4-7). Here is growth, strength, expansion, loveliness and beneficence -- all to be theirs in that day.
Verse 8 is a kind of divine soliloquy. Jehovah hears Israel's repentance, and her testimony to renewing grace, and assures her of Himself as its source.
The chapter closes with an exhortation as applicable to us as to her.
【호11:1 MHCC】 God's regard for Israel; their ingratitude. (호11:1-7) The Divine mercy yet in store. (호11:8-12)
호11:1-7 When Israel were weak and helpless as children, foolish and froward as children, then God loved them; he bore them as the nurse does the sucking child, nourished them, and suffered their manners. All who are grown up, ought often to reflect upon the goodness of God to them in their childhood. He took care of them, took pains with them, not only as a father, or a tutor, but as a mother, or nurse. When they were in the wilderness, God showed them the way in which they should go, and bore them up, taking them by the arms. He taught them the way of his commandments by the ceremonial law given by Moses. He took them by the arms, to guide them, that they might not stray, and to hold them up, that they might not stumble and fall. God's spiritual Israel are all thus supported. It is God's work to draw poor souls to himself; and none can come to him except he draw them. With bands of love; this word signifies stronger cords than the former. He eased them of the burdens they had long groaned under. Israel is very ungrateful to God. God's counsels would have saved them, but their own counsels ruined them. They backslide; there is no hold of them, no stedfastness in them. They backslide from me, from God, the chief good. They are bent to backslide; they are ready to sin; they are forward to close with every temptation. Their hearts are fully set in them to do evil. Those only are truly happy, whom the Lord teaches by his Spirit, upholds by his power, and causes to walk in his ways. By his grace he takes away the love and dominion of sin, and creates a desire for the blessed feast of the gospel, that they may feed thereon, and live for ever.
호11:8-12 God is slow to anger, and is loth to abandon a people to utter ruin, who have been called by his name. When God was to give a sacrifice for sin, and a Saviour for sinners, he spared not his own Son, that he might spare us. This is the language of the day of his patience; but when men sin that away, then the great day of his wrath comes. Man's compassions are nothing in comparison with the tender mercies of our God, whose thoughts and ways, in receiving returning sinners, are as much above ours as heaven is above the earth. God knows how to pardon poor sinners. He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and therein declares his righteousness, now Christ has purchased the pardon, and he has promised it. Holy trembling at the word of Christ will draw us to him, not drive us from him, the children tremble, and flee to him. And all that come at the gospel call, shall have a place and a name in the gospel church. The religious service of Israel were mere hypocrisy, but in Judah regard was had to God's laws, and the people followed their pious forefathers. Let us be faithful: those who thus honour God, he will honour, but such us despise Him shall be lightly esteemed.
【호11:2 JFB】2. As they called them—"they," namely, monitors sent by Me. "Called," in 호11:1, suggests the idea of the many subsequent calls by the prophets.
went from them—turned away in contempt (렘2:27).
Baalim—images of Baal, set up in various places.
【호11:3 JFB】3. taught … to go—literally, "to use his feet." Compare a similar image, 신1:31; 8:2, 5, 15; 32:10, 11; 느9:21; 사63:9; 암2:10. God bore them as a parent does an infant, unable to supply itself, so that it has no anxiety about food, raiment, and its going forth. 행13:18, which probably refers to this passage of Hosea; He took them by the arms, to guide them that they might not stray, and to hold them up that they might not stumble.
knew not that I healed them—that is, that My design was to restore them spiritually and temporally (출15:26).
【호11:4 JFB】4. cords of a man—parallel to "bands of love"; not such cords as oxen are led by, but humane methods, such as men employ when inducing others, as for instance, a father drawing his child, by leading-strings, teaching him to go (호11:1).
I was … as they that take off the yoke on their jaws … I laid meat—as the humane husbandman occasionally loosens the straps under the jaws by which the yoke is bound on the neck of oxen and lays food before them to eat. An appropriate image of God's deliverance of Israel from the Egyptian yoke, and of His feeding them in the wilderness.
【호11:5 JFB】5. He shall not return into … Egypt—namely, to seek help against Assyria (compare 호7:11), as Israel lately had done (왕하17:4), after having revolted from Assyria, to whom they had been tributary from the times of Menahem (왕하15:19). In a figurative sense, "he shall return to Egypt" (호9:3), that is, to Egypt-like bondage; also many Jewish fugitives were literally to return to Egypt, when the Holy Land was to be in Assyrian and Chaldean hands.
Assyrian shall be his king—instead of having kings of their own, and Egypt as their auxiliary.
because they refused to return—just retribution. They would not return (spiritually) to God, therefore they shall not return (corporally) to Egypt, the object of their desire.
【호11:6 JFB】6. abide—or, "fall upon" [Calvin].
branches—that is, his villages, which are the branches or dependencies of the cities [Calvin]. Grotius translates, "his bars" (so 애2:9), that is, the warriors who were the bulwarks of the state. Compare 호4:18, "rulers" (Margin), "shields" (시47:9).
because of their own counsels—in worshipping idols, and relying on Egypt (compare 호10:6).
【호11:7 JFB】7. bent to backsliding—Not only do they backslide, and that too fromMe, their "chief good," but they are bent upon it. Though they (the prophets) called them (the Israelites) to the Most High (from their idols), "none would exalt (that is, extol or honor) Him." To exalt God, they must cease to be "bent on backsliding," and must lift themselves upwards.
【호11:8 JFB】8. as Admah … Zeboim—among the cities, including Sodom and Gomorrah, irretrievably overthrown (신29:23).
heart is turned within me—with the deepest compassion, so as not to execute My threat (애1:20; compare 창43:30; 왕상3:26). So the phrase is used of a new turn given to the feeling (시105:25).
repentings—God speaks according to human modes of thought (민23:19). God's seeming change is in accordance with His secret everlasting purpose of love to His people, to magnify His grace after their desperate rebellion.
【호11:9 JFB】9. I will not return to destroy Ephraim—that is, I will no more, as in past times, destroy Ephraim. The destruction primarily meant is probably that by Tiglath-pileser, who, as the Jewish king Ahaz' ally against Pekah of Israel and Rezin of Syria, deprived Israel of Gilead, Galilee, and Naphtali (왕하15:29). The ulterior reference is to the long dispersion hereafter, to be ended by God's covenant mercy restoring His people, not for their merits, but of His grace.
God, … not man—not dealing as man would, with implacable wrath under awful provocation (사55:7-9; 말3:6). I do not, like man, change when once I have made a covenant of everlasting love, as with Israel (민23:19). We measure God by the human standard, and hence are slow to credit fully His promises; these, however, belong to the faithful remnant, not to the obstinately impenitent.
in the midst of thee—as peculiarly thy God (출19:5, 6).
not enter into the city—as an enemy: as I entered Admah, Zeboim, and Sodom, utterly destroying them, whereas I will not utterly destroy thee. Somewhat similarly Jerome: "I am not one such as human dwellers in a city, who take cruel vengeance; I save those whom I correct." Thus "not man," and "in the midst of thee," are parallel to "into the city." Though I am in the midst of thee, it is not as man entering a rebellious city to destroy utterly. Maurer needlessly translates, "I will not come in wrath."
【호11:10 JFB】10. he shall roar like a lion—by awful judgments on their foes (사31:4; 렘25:26-30; Joe 3:16), calling His dispersed "children" from the various lands of their dispersion.
shall tremble—shall flock in eager agitation of haste.
from the west—(Z전8:7). Literally, "the sea." Probably the Mediterranean, including its "isles of the sea," and maritime coast. Thus as 호11:11 specifies regions of Africa and Asia, so here Europe. 사11:11-16, is parallel, referring to the very same regions. On "children," see 호1:10.
【호11:11 JFB】11. tremble—flutter in haste.
dove—no longer "a silly dove" (호7:11), but as "doves flying to their windows" (사60:8).
in their houses—(겔28:26). Literally, "upon," for the Orientals live almost as much upon their flat-roofed houses as in them.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.