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■ 호세아 10장
1. 이스라엘은 열매 맺는 무성한 포도나무라 그 열매가 많을수록 제단을 많게 하며 그 땅이 아름다울수록 주상을 아름답게 하도다
Israel is an empty vine , he bringeth forth fruit unto himself: according to the multitude of his fruit he hath increased the altars ; according to the goodness of his land they have made goodly images .
2. 저희가 두 마음을 품었으니 이제 죄를 받을 것이라 하나님이 그 제단을 쳐서 깨치시며 그 주상을 헐으시리라
Their heart is divided ; now shall they be found faulty : he shall break down their altars , he shall spoil their images .
3. 저희가 이제 이르기를 우리가 여호와를 두려워 아니하므로 우리에게 왕이 없거니와 왕이 우리를 위하여 무엇을 하리요 하리로다
For now they shall say , We have no king , because we feared not the Lord ; what then should a king do to us?
4. 저희가 헛된 말을 내며 거짓 맹세를 발하여 언약을 세우니 그 재판이 밭이랑에 돋는 독한 인진 같으리로다
They have spoken words , swearing falsely in making a covenant : thus judgment springeth up as hemlock in the furrows of the field .
5. 사마리아 거민이 벧아웬의 송아지를 인하여 두려워할 것이라 그 백성이 슬퍼하며 그것을 기뻐하던 제사장들도 슬퍼하리니 이는 그 영광이 떠나감이며
The inhabitants of Samaria shall fear because of the calves of Beth–aven : for the people thereof shall mourn over it, and the priests thereof that rejoiced on it, for the glory thereof, because it is departed from it.
6. 그 송아지는 앗수르로 옮겨다가 예물로 야렙 왕에게 드리리니 에브라임은 수치를 받을 것이요 이스라엘은 자기들의 계의를 부끄러워할 것이며
It shall be also carried unto Assyria for a present to king Jareb : Ephraim shall receive shame , and Israel shall be ashamed of his own counsel .
7. 사마리아 왕은 물 위에 거품 같이 멸망할 것이며
As for Samaria , her king is cut off as the foam upon the water .
8. 이스라엘의 죄 된 아웬의 산당은 패괴되어 가시와 찔레가 그 단 위에 날 것이니 그 때에 저희가 산더러 우리를 가리우라 할 것이요 작은 산더러 우리 위에 무너지라 하리라
The high places also of Aven , the sin of Israel , shall be destroyed : the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars ; and they shall say to the mountains , Cover us; and to the hills , Fall on us.
9. 이스라엘아 네가 기브아에 서서 흉악한 족속을 치는 전쟁을 거기서 면하였도다
O Israel , thou hast sinned from the days of Gibeah : there they stood : the battle in Gibeah against the children of iniquity did not overtake them.
10. 내가 원하는 때에 저희를 징계하리니 저희가 두 가지 죄에 걸릴 때에 만민이 모여서 저희를 치리라
It is in my desire that I should chastise them; and the people shall be gathered against them, when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows .
11. 에브라임은 마치 길들인 암소 같아서 곡식 밟기를 좋아하나 내가 그 아름다운 목에 멍에를 메우고 그의 위에 사람을 태우리니 유다가 밭을 갈고 야곱이 흙덩이를 깨뜨리리라
And Ephraim is as an heifer that is taught , and loveth to tread out the corn; but I passed over upon her fair neck : I will make Ephraim to ride ; Judah shall plow , and Jacob shall break his clods .
12. 너희가 자기를 위하여 의를 심고 긍휼을 거두라 지금이 곧 여호와를 찾을 때니 너희 묵은 땅을 기경하라 마침내 여호와께서 임하사 의를 비처럼 너희에게 내리시리라
Sow to yourselves in righteousness , reap in mercy ; break up your fallow ground : for it is time to seek the Lord , till he come and rain righteousness upon you.
13. 너희는 악을 밭갈아 죄를 거두고 거짓 열매를 먹었나니 이는 네가 네 길과 네 용사의 많음을 의뢰하였음이라
Ye have plowed wickedness , ye have reaped iniquity ; ye have eaten the fruit of lies : because thou didst trust in thy way , in the multitude of thy mighty men .
14. 그러므로 너희 백성 중에 요란함이 일어나며 네 산성들이 다 훼파되되 살만이 전쟁의 날에 벧아벨을 훼파한 것 같이 될 것이라 그 때에 어미와 자식이 함께 부숴졌도다
Therefore shall a tumult arise among thy people , and all thy fortresses shall be spoiled , as Shalman spoiled Beth–arbel in the day of battle : the mother was dashed in pieces upon her children .
15. 너희의 큰 악을 인하여 벧엘이 이같이 너희에게 행하리니 이스라엘 왕이 새벽에 멸절하리로다
So shall Beth–el do unto you because of your great wickedness : in a morning shall the king of Israel utterly be cut off .
■ 주석 보기
【호10:1 JFB】호10:1-15. Israel's Idolatry, the Source of Perjuries and Unlawful Leagues, Soon Destined to Be the Ruin of the State, Their King and Their Images BeingAbout to Be Carried Off; a Just Chastisement, the Reaping Corresponding to the Sowing.
The prophecy was uttered between Shalmaneser's first and second invasions of Israel. Compare 호10:14; also 호10:6, referring to Hoshea's calling So of Egypt to his aid; also 호10:4, 13.
1. empty—stripped of its fruits [Calvin], (나2:2); compelled to pay tribute to Pul (왕하15:20). Maurer translates, "A widespreading vine"; so the Septuagint. Compare 창49:22; 시80:9-11; 겔17:6.
bringeth forth fruit unto himself—not unto Me.
according to … multitude of … fruit … increased … altars—In proportion to the abundance of their prosperity, which called for fruit unto God (compare 롬6:22), was the abundance of their idolatry (호8:4, 11).
【호10:1 CWC】[JEHOVAH'S LOVE FOR ISRAEL]
With Hosea begins the "Minor" prophets, extending to the close of the Old Testament, and so-called to distinguish them from the "Major," the first four already considered. The major are the more important not as to their contents but their size; and yet the minor prophets are, in principle, only repeating what the major prophets have recorded over and over again.
For this reason the minor prophets will be considered briefly. It may be repeated that we are not attempting to treat every chapter and verse in the Bible in detail. So far as the prophets are concerned, however, we have set forth the great subjects with which they alike deal, and in the laws of recurrence and double reference have indicated the path by which the student may with care find his own way through any of them. Of course, there always will be things calling for explanation which only the larger commentaries or Bible dictionaries can supply, but along the broader lines of study we trust these comments will be found helpful. In their use it is presupposed the reader is going through the Bible in regular order for the purpose of studying or teaching it in its completeness as a revelation of God.
The General Contents of the Chapters.
With the above understanding in view, it will be found that the following chapters in this book are simply giving in detail what the first three reveal in outline. They speak of Israel's unfaithfulness to Jehovah, and these enlarge on the expressions of that unfaithfulness.
For example, chapter 4 charges the nation with, "swearing and lying, and killing and stealing, and committing adultery" (2). People, priests and prophets are alike (4, 5). Idolatry flourishes with all its licentious accompaniments (12-14). Judah is warned by Israel's declension (15-19) but the next chapter indicates that the warning will profit her little.
Chapter 6 opens with a prophetic expression of repentance on Israel's part -- prophetic in the sense that as a nation she has not yet taken that attitude, although she will be led to do so in the latter days (1-3). Suddenly, at verse 4, Jehovah is introduced as pleading with her under the name of Ephraim her chief tribe, and pleading with her sister Judah as well. The plea is accompanied by explanation of their chastisement (4-11).
This thought is continued in the next chapters where Israel's folly in turning for help, first to Egypt and then to Assyria, is pointed out (12). The marginal references direct the reader to Kings where these matters were spoken of in their historic setting.
The style of Hosea is abrupt and broken, but the ejaculations in which it abounds are frequently expressions of God's wonderful love for His people. Examine especially 11:1-4, 8, 9. Sometimes it is difficult to determine when the prophet is expressing only his own feelings toward his nation rather than Jehovah's, and yet even in those instances it is the Holy Spirit using the feelings of man to illustrate the tenderness of the heart of God.
The Appeal to the Backslider.
But the chapter expressing this tenderness the most is the last, and though the reader finds it necessary to hasten over those intervening, he should pause here.
Note God's appeal coupled with His condemnation (1). Consider His kindness in setting before His people the way to return (2, 3). They are to take words, not works -- words of confession, faith, consecration, repentance. Look at the attitude in which He will meet them, and the promises He gives them (4-7). Here is growth, strength, expansion, loveliness and beneficence -- all to be theirs in that day.
Verse 8 is a kind of divine soliloquy. Jehovah hears Israel's repentance, and her testimony to renewing grace, and assures her of Himself as its source.
The chapter closes with an exhortation as applicable to us as to her.
【호10:1 MHCC】 The idolatry of Israel. (호10:1-8) They are exhorted to repentance. (호10:9-15)
호10:1-8 A vine is only valuable for its fruit; but Israel now brought no fruit to perfection. Their hearts were divided. God is the Sovereign of the heart; he will have all, or none. Were the stream of the heart wholly after God, it would run strongly, and bear down all before it. Their pretences to covenant with God were false. Even the proceeding of justice was as poisonous hemlock. Alas, how empty a vine is the visible church even at this day! But all earthly prosperity is but a collection of bubbles, soon destroyed like foam upon the water. Sinners will in vain seek shelter from that Judge, whom they now despise as a Saviour.
호10:9-15 Because God does not desire the death and ruin of sinners, therefore in mercy he desires their chastisement. The children of iniquity still remained in Israel. The enemies would be gathered against them. It is just with God to make those know what hardships mean, who indulge themselves in ease and pleasure. Let them cleanse their hearts from all corrupt affections and lusts, and be a broken and contrite spirit. Let them abound in works of piety towards God, and of justice and charity towards one another: herein let them sow to the Spirit. Seeking the Lord is to be every day's work, but there are special occasions when to seek him. Christ shall come as the Lord our righteousness, and grant us of it abundantly. If we sow in righteousness, we shall reap according to mercy; a reward not of debt, but of grace. Even the gains of sin yield the sinner no satisfaction. As our comforts, so our confidences in the service of sin will certainly fail us. Come and seek the Lord, and thy hope in him shall not deceive thee. See what cruel work war makes. Whatever mischief is done, it is sin that does it. What miseries men's sins bring on them, even in this world!
【호10:2 JFB】2. heart … divided—(왕상18:21; 마6:24; 약4:8).
now—that is, soon.
he—Jehovah.
break down—"cut off," namely the heads of the victims. Those altars, which were the scene of cutting off the victims' heads, shall be themselves cut off.
【호10:3 JFB】3. now, &c.—Soon they, deprived of their king, shall be reduced to say, We have no king (호10:7, 15), for Jehovah deprived us of him, because of our not fearing God. What then (seeing God is against us) should a king be able to do for us, if we had one? As they rejected the heavenly King, they were deprived of their earthly king.
【호10:4 JFB】4. words—mere empty words.
swearing falsely in making a covenant—breaking their engagement to Shalmaneser (왕하17:4), and making a covenant with So, though covenants with foreigners were forbidden.
judgment … as hemlock—that is, divine judgment shall spring up as rank, and as deadly, as hemlock in the furrows (신29:18; 암5:7; 6:12). Gesenius translates, "poppy." Grotius, "darnel."
【호10:5 JFB】5. fear because of the calves—that is, shall fear for them.
Beth-aven—substituted for Beth-el in contempt (호4:15).
it—singular, the one in Beth-el; after the pattern of which the other "calves" (plural) were made. "Calves" in the Hebrew is feminine, to express contempt.
priests—The Hebrew is only used of idolatrous priests (왕하23:5; 습1:4), from a root meaning either "the black garment" in which they were attired; or, "to resound," referring to their howling cries in their sacred rites [Calvin].
that rejoiced on it—because it was a source of gain to them. Maurer translates, "Shall leap in trepidation on account of it"; as Baal's priests did (왕상18:26).
the glory thereof—the magnificence of its ornaments and its worship.
【호10:6 JFB】6. It … also—The calf, so far from saving its worshippers from deportation, itself shall be carried off; hence "Israel shall be ashamed" of it.
Jareb—(See on 호5:13). "A present to the king (whom they looked to as) their defender," or else avenger, whose wrath they wished to appease, namely, Shalmaneser. The minor states applied this title to the Great King, as the avenging Protector.
his own counsel—the calves, which Jeroboam set up as a stroke of policy to detach Israel from Judah. Their severance from Judah and Jehovah proved now to be not politic, but fatal to them.
【호10:7 JFB】7. (호10:3, 15).
foam—denoting short-lived existence and speedy dissolution. As the foam, though seeming to be eminent raised on the top of the water, yet has no solidity, such is the throne of Samaria. Maurer translates, "a chip" or broken branch that cannot resist the current.
【호10:8 JFB】8. Aven—that is, Beth-aven.
the sin—that is, the occasion of sin (신9:21; 왕상12:30).
they shall say to … mountains, Cover us—So terrible shall be the calamity, that men shall prefer death to life (Lu 23:30; 계6:16; 9:6). Those very hills on which were their idolatrous altars (one source of their confidence, as their "king," 호10:7, was the other), so far from helping them, shall be called on by them to overwhelm them.
【호10:9 JFB】9. Gibeah—(호9:9; 유19:1-20:48). They are singled out as a specimen of the whole nation.
there they stood—The Israelites have, as there and then, so ever since, persisted in their sin [Calvin]. Or, better, "they stood their ground," that is, did not perish then [Maurer].
the battle … did not overtake them—Though God spared you then, He will not do so now; nay, the battle whereby God punished the Gibeonite "children of iniquity," shall the more heavily visit you for your continued impenitence. Though "they stood" then, it shall not be so now. The change from "thou" to "they" marks God's alienation from them; they are, by the use of the third person, put to a greater distance from God.
【호10:10 JFB】10. my desire … chastise—expressing God's strong inclination to vindicate His justice against sin, as being the infinitely holy God (신28:63).
the people—Foreign invaders "shall be gathered against them."
when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows—image from two oxen ploughing together side by side, in two contiguous furrows: so the Israelites shall join themselves, to unite their powers against all dangers, but it will not save them from My destroying them [Calvin]. Their "two furrows" may refer to their two places of setting up the calves, their ground of confidence, Dan and Beth-el; or, the two divisions of the nation, Israel and Judah, "in their two furrows," that is, in their respective two places of habitation; 호10:11, which specifies the two, favors this view. Henderson prefers the Keri (Hebrew Margin) "for their two iniquities"; and translates, "when they are bound" in captivity. English Version is best, as the image is carried out in 호10:11; only it is perhaps better to translate, "the people (the invaders) binding them," that is, making them captives; and so 호10:11 alludes to the yoke being put on the neck of Ephraim and Judah.
【호10:11 JFB】11. taught—that is, accustomed.
loveth to tread out … corn—a far easier and more self-indulgent work than ploughing. In treading corn, cattle were not bound together under a yoke, but either trod it singly with their feet, or drew a threshing sledge over it (사28:27, 28): they were free to eat some of the corn from time to time, as the law required they should be unmuzzled (신25:4), so that they grew fat in this work. An image of Israel's freedom, prosperity, and self-indulgence heretofore. But now God will put the Assyrian yoke upon her, instead of freedom, putting her to servile work.
I passed over upon—I put the yoke upon.
make … to ride—as in 욥30:22; that is, hurry Ephraim away to a distant region [Calvin]. Lyra translates, "I will make (the Assyrian) to ride upon Ephraim." Maurer, "I will make Ephraim to carry," namely, a charioteer.
his clods—"the clods before him."
【호10:12 JFB】12. Continuation of the image in 호10:11 (잠11:18). Act righteously and ye shall reap the reward; a reward not of debt, but of grace.
in mercy—according to the measure of the divine "mercy," which over and above repays the goodness or "mercy" which we show to our fellow man (Lu 6:38).
break … fallow ground—Remove your superstitions and vices, and be renewed.
seek … Lord, fill he come—Though not answered immediately, persevere unceasingly "till He come."
rain—send down as a copious shower.
righteousness—the reward of righteousness, that is, salvation, temporal and spiritual (삼상26:23; compare Joe 2:23 ).
【호10:13 JFB】13. reaped iniquity—that is, the fruit of iniquity; as "righteousness" (호10:12) is "the fruit of righteousness" (욥4:8; 잠22:8; 갈6:7, 8).
lies—false and spurious worship.
trust in thy way—thy perverse way (사57:10; 렘2:23), thy worship of false gods. This was their internal safeguard, as their external was "the multitude of their mighty men."
【호10:14 JFB】14. tumult—a tumultuous war.
among thy people—literally, "peoples": the war shall extend to the whole people of Israel, through all the tribes, and the peoples allied to her.
Shalman spoiled Beth-arbel—that is, Shalmaneser, a compound name, in which the part common to it and the names of three other Assyrian kings, is omitted; Tiglath-pileser, Esar-haddon, Shar-ezer. So Jeconiah is abbreviated to Coniah. Arbel was situated in Naphtali in Galilee, on the border nearest Assyria. Against it Shalmaneser, at his first invasion of Israel (왕하17:3), vented his chief rage. God threatens Israel's fortresses with the same fate as Arbel suffered "in the day (on the occasion) of the battle" then well-known, though not mentioned elsewhere (compare 왕하18:34). This event, close on the reign of Hezekiah, shows the inscription of Hosea (호1:1) to be correct.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.