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■ 사도행전 27장
1. 우리의 배 타고 이달리야로 갈 일이 작정되매 바울과 다른 죄수 몇 사람을 아구사도대의 백부장 율리오란 사람에게 맡기니
And when it was determined that we should sail into Italy , they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners unto one named Julius , a centurion of Augustus’ band .
2. 아시아 해변 각처로 가려 하는 아드라뭇데노 배에 우리가 올라 행선할새 마게도냐의 데살로니가 사람 아리스다고도 함께 하니라
And entering into a ship of Adramyttium , we launched , meaning to sail by the coasts of Asia ; one Aristarchus , a Macedonian of Thessalonica , being with us .
3. 이튿날 시돈에 대니 율리오가 바울을 친절히 하여 친구들에게 가서 대접받음을 허락하더니
And the next day we touched at Sidon . And Julius courteously entreated Paul , and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself .
4. 또 거기서 우리가 떠나가다가 바람의 거스림을 피하여 구브로 해안을 의지하고 행선하여
And when we had launched from thence , we sailed under Cyprus , because the winds were contrary .
5. 길리기아와 밤빌리아 바다를 건너 루기아의 무라 성에 이르러
And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia , we came to Myra , a city of Lycia .
6. 거기서 백부장이 이달리야로 가려 하는 알렉산드리아 배를 만나 우리를 오르게 하니
And there the centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy ; and he put us therein .
7. 배가 더디 가 여러 날만에 간신히 니도 맞은 편에 이르러 풍세가 더 허락지 아니하므로 살모네 앞을 지나 그레데 해안을 의지하고 행선하여
And when we had sailed slowly many days , and scarce were come over against Cnidus , the wind not suffering us , we sailed under Crete , over against Salmone ;
8. 간신히 그 연안을 지나 미항이라는 곳에 이르니 라새아 성에서 가깝더라
And , hardly passing it , came unto a place which is called The fair havens ; nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea .
9. 여러 날이 걸려 금식하는 절기가 이미 지났으므로 행선하기가 위태한지라 바울이 저희를 권하여
Now when much time was spent , and when sailing was now dangerous , because the fast was now already past , Paul admonished them,
10. 말하되 여러분이여 내가 보니 이번 행선이 하물과 배만 아니라 우리 생명에도 타격과 많은 손해가 있으리라 하되
And said unto them , Sirs , I perceive that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage , not only of the lading and ship , but also of our lives .
11. 백부장이 선장과 선주의 말을 바울의 말보다 더 믿더라
Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship , more than those things which were spoken by Paul .
12. 그 항구가 과동하기에 불편하므로 거기서 떠나 아무쪼록 뵈닉스에 가서 과동하자 하는 자가 더 많으니 뵈닉스는 그레데 항구라 한 편은 동북을, 한 편은 동남을 향하였더라
And because the haven was not commodious to winter in , the more part advised to depart thence also , if by any means they might attain to Phenice , and there to winter ; which is an haven of Crete , and lieth toward the south west and north west .
13. 남풍이 순하게 불매 저희가 득의한 줄 알고 닻을 감아 그레데 해변을 가까이 하고 행선하더니
And when the south wind blew softly , supposing that they had obtained their purpose , loosing thence, they sailed close by Crete .
14. 얼마 못되어 섬 가운데로서 유라굴로라는 광풍이 대작하니
But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind , called Euroclydon .
15. 배가 밀려 바람을 맞추어 갈 수 없어 가는 대로 두고 쫓겨가다가
And when the ship was caught , and could not bear up into the wind , we let her drive .
16. 가우다라는 작은 섬 아래로 지나 간신히 거루를 잡아
And running under a certain island which is called Clauda , we had much work to come by the boat :
17. 끌어 올리고 줄을 가지고 선체를 둘러 감고 스르디스에 걸릴까 두려워 연장을 내리고 그냥 쫓겨가더니
Which when they had taken up , they used helps , undergirding the ship ; and , fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands , strake sail , and so were driven .
18. 우리가 풍랑으로 심히 애쓰다가 이튿날 사공들이 짐을 바다에 풀어 버리고
And we being exceedingly tossed with a tempest , the next day they lightened the ship ;
19. 사흘째 되는 날에 배의 기구를 저희 손으로 내어 버리니라
And the third day we cast out with our own hands the tackling of the ship .
20. 여러 날 동안 해와 별이 보이지 아니하고 큰 풍랑이 그대로 있으매 구원의 여망이 다 없어졌더라
And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared , and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away .
21. 여러 사람이 오래 먹지 못하였으매 바울이 가운데 서서 말하되 여러분이여 내 말을 듣고 그레데에서 떠나지 아니하여 이 타격과 손상을 면하였더면 좋을 뻔하였느니라
But after long abstinence Paul stood forth in the midst of them , and said , Sirs , ye should have hearkened unto me , and not have loosed from Crete , and to have gained this harm and loss .
22. 내가 너희를 권하노니 이제는 안심하라 너희 중 생명에는 아무 손상이 없겠고 오직 배뿐이리라
And now I exhort you to be of good cheer : for there shall be no loss of any man’s life among you , but of the ship .
23. 나의 속한 바 곧 나의 섬기는 하나님의 사자가 어제 밤에 내 곁에 서서 말하되
For there stood by me this night the angel of God , whose I am , and whom I serve ,
24. 바울아 두려워 말라 네가 가이사 앞에 서야 하겠고 또 하나님께서 너와 함께 행선하는 자를 다 네게 주셨다 하였으니
Saying , Fear not , Paul ; thou must be brought before Cæsar : and , lo , God hath given thee all them that sail with thee .
25. 그러므로 여러분이여 안심하라 나는 내게 말씀하신 그대로 되리라고 하나님을 믿노라
Wherefore , sirs , be of good cheer : for I believe God , that it shall be even as it was told me .
26. 그러나 우리가 한 섬에 걸리리라 하더라
Howbeit we must be cast upon a certain island .
27. 열나흘째 되는 날 밤에 우리가 아드리아 바다에 이리저리 쫓겨 가더니 밤중쯤 되어 사공들이 어느 육지에 가까워지는 줄을 짐작하고
But when the fourteenth night was come , as we were driven up and down in Adria , about midnight the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country ;
28. 물을 재어보니 이십 길이 되고 조금 가다가 다시 재니 열다섯 길이라
And sounded , and found it twenty fathoms : and when they had gone a little further , they sounded again , and found it fifteen fathoms .
29. 암초에 걸릴까 하여 고물로 닻 넷을 주고 날이 새기를 고대하더니
Then fearing lest we should have fallen upon rocks , they cast four anchors out of the stern , and wished for the day .
30. 사공들이 도망하고자 하여 이물에서 닻을 주려는 체하고 거루를 바다에 내려놓거늘
And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship , when they had let down the boat into the sea , under colour as though they would have cast anchors out of the foreship ,
31. 바울이 백부장과 군사들에게 이르되 이 사람들이 배에 있지 아니하면 너희가 구원을 얻지 못하리라 하니
Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers , Except these abide in the ship , ye cannot be saved .
32. 이에 군사들이 거룻 줄을 끊어 떼어 버리니라
Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat , and let her fall off .
33. 날이 새어 가매 바울이 여러 사람을 음식 먹으라 권하여 가로되 너희가 기다리고 기다리며 먹지 못하고 주린 지가 오늘까지 열나흘인즉
And while the day was coming on , Paul besought them all to take meat , saying , This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting , having taken nothing .
34. 음식 먹으라 권하노니 이것이 너희 구원을 위하는 것이요 너희 중 머리터럭 하나라도 잃을 자가 없느니라 하고
Wherefore I pray you to take some meat : for this is for your health : for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you .
35. 떡을 가져다가 모든 사람 앞에서 하나님께 축사하고 떼어 먹기를 시작하매
And when he had thus spoken , he took bread , and gave thanks to God in presence of them all : and when he had broken it, he began to eat .
36. 저희도 다 안심하고 받아 먹으니
Then were they all of good cheer , and they also took some meat .
37. 배에 있는 우리의 수는 전부 이백칠십육 인이러라
And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls .
38. 배부르게 먹고 밀을 바다에 버려 배를 가볍게 하였더니
And when they had eaten enough , they lightened the ship , and cast out the wheat into the sea .
39. 날이 새매 어느 땅인지 알지 못하나 경사 진 해안으로 된 항만이 눈에 띄거늘 배를 거기에 들여다 댈 수 있는가 의논한 후
And when it was day , they knew not the land : but they discovered a certain creek with a shore , into the which they were minded , if it were possible , to thrust in the ship .
40. 닻을 끊어 바다에 버리는 동시에 킷줄을 늦추고 돛을 달고 바람을 맞추어 해안을 향하여 들어가다가
And when they had taken up the anchors , they committed themselves unto the sea , and loosed the rudder bands , and hoised up the mainsail to the wind , and made toward shore .
41. 두 물이 합하여 흐르는 곳을 당하여 배를 걸매 이물은 부딪혀 움직일 수 없이 붙고 고물은 큰 물결에 깨어져가니
And falling into a place where two seas met , they ran the ship aground ; and the forepart stuck fast , and remained unmoveable , but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves .
42. 군사들은 죄수가 헤엄쳐서 도망할까 하여 저희를 죽이는 것이 좋다 하였으나
And the soldiers’ counsel was to kill the prisoners , lest any of them should swim out , and escape .
43. 백부장이 바울을 구원하려 하여 저희의 뜻을 막고 헤엄칠 줄 아는 사람들을 명하여 물에 뛰어 내려 먼저 육지에 나가게 하고
But the centurion , willing to save Paul , kept them from their purpose ; and commanded that they which could swim should cast themselves first into the sea, and get to land :
44. 그 남은 사람들은 널조각 혹은 배 물건에 의지하여 나가게 하니 마침내 사람들이 다 상륙하여 구원을 얻으니라
And the rest , some on boards , and some on broken pieces of the ship . And so it came to pass , that they escaped all safe to land .
■ 주석 보기
【행27:1 JFB】행27:1-44. The Voyage to Italy—The Shipwreck and Safe Landing at Malta.
1. we should sail, &c.—The "we" here reintroduces the historian as one of the company. Not that he had left the apostle from the time when he last included himself (행21:18), but the apostle was parted from him by his arrest and imprisonment, until now, when they met in the ship.
delivered Paul and certain other prisoners—State prisoners going to be tried at Rome; of which several instances are on record.
Julius—who treats the apostle throughout with such marked courtesy (행27:3, 43; 행28:16), that it has been thought [Bengel] he was present when Paul made his defense before Agrippa (see 행25:23), and was impressed with his lofty bearing.
a centurion of Augustus' band—the Augustan cohort, an honorary title given to more than one legion of the Roman army, implying, perhaps, that they acted as a bodyguard to the emperor or procurator, as occasion required.
【행27:1 CWC】The reader is urged to add to the interest of this lesson by the further use of the map. The sea journey is marked by different stages -- from Adramyttium to Myra (vv. 1-5), from Myra to the Fair Havens (vv. 6-8), from Fair Havens to Melita or Malta (v. 6-28:1), from Melita to Syracuse (vv. 2-12), from Syracuse to Rhegium, Puteoli and Rome (vv. 13-15).
The most interesting stage is the third which covers the shipwreck, and of which it is said that "in all classic literature there is nothing which gives so much information of the working of an ancient ship." Moreover, "historical research has confirmed the facts of the chapter and identified the scene of the wreck." The narrative has often been used in an allegorical sense to portray the history of the church, and also the history of the salvation of a single soul, but into this we have not time to enter. Gaebelein has a striking observation on Paul's warning to the centurion and the shipmaster (27:11, 19) saying, "we can think of other warnings given through the great apostle, warnings concerning the spiritual dangers, the apostasy of the last days, the perilous times of seducing spirits and doctrines of demons. The professing church has forgotten these, for which she is drifting, cast about by every wind of doctrine and rapidly nearing the long-predicted ship-wreck." Alas! how true this is!
The phrase "barbarous people" (28:2), is not to be understood as meaning savages, but simply foreigners to the Greeks. All who did not speak their language were called "barbarians." What a striking fulfillment of 막16:18 is found in verses 2-6! Read verses 15 and 16 in comparison with 롬1:11-13, written years before, and be impressed with the different way in which Paul entered Rome from that which he expected. Note in verse 17 how consistent is his method of preaching the Gospel with the principle he laid down in 롬1:16, "to the Jew first." Note too, his quotation of Isaiah 6 in verses 25-27, when the Jews turned their back upon his message, and how sadly those words of the prophet have been fulfilled in the history of their nation from that day to this. But the latter part of Romans 11 should be read in the same connection, to learn what God's gracious purpose is for that same people in the time to come. Verse 28 marks a larger beginning of the world-wide proclamation of the "salvation of God" among the nations. This proclamation however will one day close as that same chapter of Romans (11) foretells, when it will have come to pass that they too have judged themselves "unworthy of eternal life."
Paul is now a prisoner in Rome where he remains for two years actively engaged not only in preaching the gospel by word of mouth, but expounding its deeper truths through the epistles he wrote from his prison house to the churches of Ephesus, Colosse and Philippi. There is reason to believe from his later pastoral epistles that he was liberated after his hearing before the Emperor, and once more took up his itinerary among the churches and in unevangelized parts. He was arrested a second time however, as we may gather from the same sources, when, according to tradition, he was beheaded in Rome for his testimony to the Gospel and the Saviour he loved.
【행27:1 MHCC】It was determined by the counsel of God, before it was determined by the counsel of Festus, that Paul should go to Rome; for God had work for him to do there. The course they steered, and the places they touched at, are here set down. And God here encourages those who suffer for him, to trust in him; for he can put it into the hearts of those to befriend them, from whom they least expect it. Sailors must make the best of the wind: and so must we all in our passage over the ocean of this world. When the winds are contrary, yet we must be getting forward as well as we can. Many who are not driven backward by cross providences, do not get forward by favourable providences. And many real Christians complain as to the concerns of their souls, that they have much ado to keep their ground. Every fair haven is not a safe haven. Many show respect to good ministers, who will not take their advice. But the event will convince sinners of the vanity of their hopes, and the folly of their conduct.
【행27:2 JFB】2. a ship of—belonging to.
Adramyttium—a port on the northeast coast of the Ægean Sea. Doubtless the centurion expected to find another ship, bound for Italy, at some of the ports of Asia Minor, without having to go with this ship all the way to Adramyttium; and in this he was not disappointed. See on 행27:6.
meaning to sail by the coasts—"places."
of Asia—a coasting vessel, which was to touch at the ports of proconsular Asia.
one Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica, being with us—rather, "Aristarchus the Macedonian," &c. The word "one" should not have been introduced here by our translators, as if this name had not occurred before; for we find him seized by the Ephesian mob as a "man of Macedonia and Paul's companion in travel" (행19:29) and as a "Thessalonian" accompanying the apostle from Ephesus on his voyage back to Palestine (행20:4). Here both these places are mentioned in connection with his name. After this we find him at Rome with the apostle (골4:10; Phm 24).
【행27:3 JFB】3. next day we touched at Sidon—To reach this ancient and celebrated Mediterranean port, about seventy miles north from Cæsarea, in one day, they must have had a fair wind.
Julius courteously—(See on 행27:1).
gave him liberty to go to his friends—no doubt disciples, gained, it would seem, by degrees, all along the Phœnician coast since the first preaching there (see on 행11:19 and 행21:4).
to refresh himself—which after his long confinement would not be unnecessary. Such small personal details are in this case extremely interesting.
【행27:4 JFB】4. when we had launched—"set sail."
from thence, we sailed under Cyprus, because the winds were contrary—The wind blowing from the westward, probably with a touch of the north, which was adverse, they sailed under the lee of Cyprus, keeping it on their left, and steering between it and the mainland of Phœnicia.
【행27:5 JFB】5. when we had sailed over the Sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia—coasts with which Paul had been long familiar, the one, perhaps, from boyhood, the other from the time of his first missionary tour.
we came to Myra, a city of Lycia—a port a little east of Patara (see on 행21:1).
【행27:6 JFB】6. there … found a ship of Alexandria, sailing into Italy, and he put us therein—(See on 행27:2). As Egypt was the granary of Italy, and this vessel was laden with wheat (행27:35), we need not wonder it was large enough to carry two hundred seventy-six souls, passengers and crew together (행27:37). Besides, the Egyptian merchantmen, among the largest in the Mediterranean, were equal to the largest merchantmen in our day. It may seem strange that on their passage from Alexandria to Italy they should be found at a Lycian port. But even still it is not unusual to stand to the north towards Asia Minor, for the sake of the current.
【행27:7 JFB】7. sailed slowly many days—owing to contrary winds.
and scarce—"with difficulty."
were come over against Cnidus—a town on the promontory of the peninsula of that name, having the island of Coos (see on 행21:1) to the west of it. But for the contrary wind they might have made the distance from Myra (one hundred thirty miles) in one day. They would naturally have put in at Cnidus, whose larger harbor was admirable, but the strong westerly current induced them to run south.
under—the lee of
Crete—(See on 딛1:5).
over against Salmone—the cape at the eastern extremity of the island.
【행27:8 JFB】8. And hardly passing it—"with difficulty coasting along it," from the same cause as before, the westerly current and head winds.
came to … the Fair Havens—an anchorage near the center of the south coast, and a little east of Cape Matala, the southern most point of the island.
nigh whereunto was the city Lasea—identified by the Reverend George Brown [Smith, Voyages and Shipwreck of St. Paul, Appendix 3, Second Edition, 1856]. (To this invaluable book commentators on this chapter, and these notes, are much indebted).
【행27:9 JFB】9, 10. when much time was spent—since leaving Cæsarea. But for unforeseen delays they might have reached the Italian coast before the stormy season.
and when sailing—the navigation of the open sea.
was now dangerous, because the fast was now … past—that of the day of atonement, answering to the end of September and beginning of October, about which time the navigation is pronounced unsafe by writers of authority. Since all hope of completing the voyage during that season was abandoned, the question next was, whether they should winter at Fair Havens, or move to Port Phenice, a harbor about forty miles to the westward. Paul assisted at the consultation and strongly urged them to winter where they were.
【행27:10 JFB】10. Sirs, I perceive, that this voyage will be with hurt and much damage, &c.—not by any divine communication, but simply in the exercise of a good judgment aided by some experience. The event justified his decision.
【행27:11 JFB】11. Nevertheless the centurion believed the master and owner … more than … Paul—He would naturally think them best able to judge, and there was much to say for their opinion, as the bay at Fair Havens, being open to nearly one-half of the compass, could not be a good winter harbor.
【행27:12 JFB】12. Phenice—"Phenix," now called Lutro.
which lieth toward the southwest and northwest—If this means that it was open to the west, it would certainly not be good anchorage! It is thought therefore to mean that a wind from that quarter would lead into it, or that it lay in an easterly direction from such a wind [Smith]. 행27:13 seems to confirm this.
【행27:12 MHCC】Those who launch forth on the ocean of this world, with a fair gale, know not what storms they may meet with; and therefore must not easily take it for granted that they have obtained their purpose. Let us never expect to be quite safe till we enter heaven. They saw neither sun nor stars for many days. Thus melancholy sometimes is the condition of the people of God as to their spiritual matters; they walk in darkness, and have no light. See what the wealth of this world is: though coveted as a blessing, the time may come when it will be a burden; not only too heavy to be carried safely, but heavy enough to sink him that has it. The children of this world can be prodigal of their goods for the saving their lives, yet are sparing of them in works of piety and charity, and in suffering for Christ. Any man will rather make shipwreck of his goods than of his life; but many rather make shipwreck of faith and a good conscience, than of their goods. The means the sailors used did not succeed; but when sinners give up all hope of saving themselves, they are prepared to understand God's word, and to trust in his mercy through Jesus Christ.
【행27:13 JFB】13. when the south wind blew softly, supposing they had attained their purpose—With such a wind they had every prospect of reaching their destination in a few hours.
【행27:14 JFB】14, 15. a tempestuous—"typhonic"
wind—that is, like a typhon or tornado, causing a whirling of the clouds, owing to the meeting of opposite currents of air.
called Euroclydon—The true reading appears to be Euro-aquilo, or east-northeast, which answers all the effects here ascribed to it.
【행27:15 JFB】15. could not bear up into—"face"
the wind, we let her drift—before the gale.
【행27:16 JFB】16, 17. under—the lee of.
a certain—"small"
island … Clauda—southwest of Crete, now called Gonzo; about twenty-three miles to leeward.
we had much work to come by—that is, to hoist up and secure.
the boat—now become necessary. But why was this difficult? Independently of the gale, raging at the time, the boat had been towed between twenty and thirty miles after the gale sprang up, and could scarcely fail to be filled with water [Smith].
【행27:17 JFB】17. undergirding the ship—that is, passing four or five turns of a cable-laid rope round the hull or frame of the ship, to enable her to resist the violence of the seas, an operation rarely resorted to in modern seamanship.
fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands—"be cast ashore" or "stranded upon the Syrtis," the Syrtis Major, a gulf on the African coast, southwest of Crete, the dread of mariners, owing to its dangerous shoals.
they strake—"struck"
sail—This cannot be the meaning, for to strike sail would have driven them directly towards the Syrtis. The meaning must be, "lowered the gear" (appurtenances of every kind); here, perhaps, referring to the lowering of the heavy mainyard with the sail attached to it [Smith].
【행27:19 JFB】19, 20. cast out with our own hands—passengers and crew together.
the tackling of the ship—whatever they could do without that carried weight. This further effort to lighten the ship seems to show that it was now in a leaking condition, as will presently appear more evident.
【행27:20 JFB】20. neither sun nor stars appeared in many—"several"
days—probably most of the fourteen days mentioned in 행27:27. This continued thickness of the atmosphere prevented their making the necessary observations of the heavenly bodies by day or by night; so that they could not tell where they were.
all hope that we should be saved was taken away—"Their exertions to subdue the leak had been unavailing; they could not tell which way to make for the nearest land, in order to run their ship ashore, the only resource for a sinking ship: but unless they did make the land, they must founder at sea. Their apprehensions, therefore, were not so much caused by the fury of the tempest, as by the state of the ship" [Smith]. From the inferiority of ancient to modern naval architecture, leaks were sprung much more easily, and the means of repairing them were fewer than now. Hence the far greater number of shipwrecks from this cause.
【행27:21 JFB】21-26. But after long abstinence—(See on 행27:33). "The hardships which the crew endured during a gale of such continuance, and their exhaustion from laboring at the pumps and hunger, may be imagined, but are not described" [Smith].
Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened to me, &c.—not meaning to reflect on them for the past, but to claim their confidence for what he was now to say:
【행27:21 MHCC】They did not hearken to the apostle when he warned them of their danger; yet if they acknowledge their folly, and repent of it, he will speak comfort and relief to them when in danger. Most people bring themselves into trouble, because they do not know when they are well off; they come to harm and loss by aiming to mend their condition, often against advice. Observe the solemn profession Paul made of relation to God. No storms or tempests can hinder God's favour to his people, for he is a Help always at hand. It is a comfort to the faithful servants of God when in difficulties, that as long as the Lord has any work for them to do, their lives shall be prolonged. If Paul had thrust himself needlessly into bad company, he might justly have been cast away with them; but God calling him into it, they are preserved with him. They are given thee; there is no greater satisfaction to a good man than to know he is a public blessing. He comforts them with the same comforts wherewith he himself was comforted. God is ever faithful, therefore let all who have an interest in his promises be ever cheerful. As, with God, saying and doing are not two things, believing and enjoying should not be so with us. Hope is an anchor of the soul, sure and stedfast, entering into that within the veil. Let those who are in spiritual darkness hold fast by that, and think not of putting to sea again, but abide by Christ, and wait till the day break, and the shadows flee away.
【행27:23 JFB】23. there stood by me this night the angel of God—as in 행16:9; 23:11.
whose I am—(고전6:19, 20).
and whom I serve—in the sense of worship or religious consecration (see on 행13:2).
【행27:24 JFB】24. saying, Fear not, Paul: thou must be brought before Cæsar and, lo, God hath given thee all … that sail with thee—While the crew were toiling at the pumps, Paul was wrestling in prayer, not for himself only and the cause in which he was going a prisoner to Rome, but with true magnanimity of soul for all his shipmates; and God heard him, "giving him" (remarkable expression!) all that sailed with him. "When the cheerless day came he gathered the sailors (and passengers) around him on the deck of the laboring vessel, and raising his voice above the storm" [Howson], reported the divine communication he had received; adding with a noble simplicity, "for I believe God that it shall be even as it was told me," and encouraging all on board to "be of good cheer" in the same confidence. What a contrast to this is the speech of Cæsar in similar circumstances to his pilot, bidding him keep up his spirit because he carried Cæsar and Cæsar's fortune! [Plutarch]. The Roman general knew no better name for the Divine Providence, by which he had been so often preserved, than Cæsar's fortune [Humphry]. From the explicit particulars—that the ship would be lost, but not one that sailed in it, and that they "must be cast on a certain island"—one would conclude a visional representation of a total wreck, a mass of human beings struggling with the angry elements, and one and all of those whose figures and countenances had daily met his eye on deck, standing on some unknown island shore. From what follows, it would seem that Paul from this time was regarded with a deference akin to awe.
【행27:27 JFB】27-29. when the fourteenth night was come—from the time they left Fair Havens.
as we were driven—drifting
up and down in Adria—the Adriatic, that sea which lies between Greece and Italy.
about midnight the shipmen deemed—no doubt from the peculiar sound of the breakers.
that they drew near some country—"that some land was approaching them." This nautical language gives a graphic character to the narrative.
【행27:29 JFB】29. they cast four anchors out of the stern—The ordinary way was to cast the anchor, as now, from the bow: but ancient ships, built with both ends alike, were fitted with hawseholes in the stern, so that in case of need they could anchor either way. And when the fear was, as here, that they might fall on the rocks to leeward, and the intention was to run the ship ashore as soon as daylight enabled them to fix upon a safe spot, the very best thing they could do was to anchor by the stern [Smith]. In stormy weather two anchors were used, and we have instances of four being employed, as here.
and wished—"anxiously" or "devoutly wished."
for day—the remark this of one present, and with all his shipmates alive to the horrors of their condition. "The ship might go down at her anchors, or the coast to leeward might be iron-bound, affording no beach on which they could land with safety. Hence their anxious longing for day, and the ungenerous but natural attempt, not peculiar to ancient times, of the seamen to save their own lives by taking to the boat" [Smith].
【행27:30 JFB】30. as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship—under cover of night.
when they had let down the boat … as though they would … cast anchors out of the foreship—"bow"—rather, "carry out" anchors, to hold the ship fore as well as aft. "This could have been of no advantage in the circumstances, and as the pretext could not deceive a seaman, we must infer that the officers of the ship were parties to the unworthy attempt, which was perhaps detected by the nautical skill of St. Luke, and communicated by him to St. Paul" [Smith].
【행27:30 MHCC】God, who appointed the end, that they should be saved, appointed the means, that they should be saved by the help of these shipmen. Duty is ours, events are God's; we do not trust God, but tempt him, when we say we put ourselves under his protection, if we do not use proper means, such as are within our power, for our safety. But how selfish are men in general, often even ready to seek their own safety by the destruction of others! Happy those who have such a one as Paul in their company, who not only had intercourse with Heaven, but was of an enlivening spirit to those about him. The sorrow of the world works death, while joy in God is life and peace in the greatest distresses and dangers. The comfort of God's promises can only be ours by believing dependence on him, to fulfil his word to us; and the salvation he reveals must be waited for in use of the means he appoints. If God has chosen us to salvation, he has also appointed that we shall obtain it by repentance, faith, prayer, and persevering obedience; it is fatal presumption to expect it in any other way. It is an encouragement to people to commit themselves to Christ as their Saviour, when those who invite them, clearly show that they do so themselves.
【행27:31 JFB】31. Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers—the only parties now to be trusted, and whose own safety was now at stake.
except ye abide in the ship ye cannot be saved—The soldiers and passengers could not be expected to possess the necessary seamanship in so very critical a case. The flight of the crew, therefore, might well be regarded as certain destruction to all who remained. In full assurance of ultimate safety, in virtue of aDIVINEpledge, to all in the ship, Paul speaks and acts throughout this whole scene in the exercise of a sound judgment as to the indispensableHUMANconditions of safety; and as there is no trace of any feeling of inconsistency between these two things in his mind, so even the centurion, under whose orders the soldiers acted on Paul's views, seems never to have felt perplexed by the twofold aspect, divine and human, in which the same thing presented itself to the mind of Paul. Divine agency and human instrumentality are in all the events of life quite as much as here. The only difference is that the one is for the most part shrouded from view, while the other is ever naked and open to the senses.
【행27:32 JFB】32. Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat—already lowered.
and let her fall off—let the boat drift away.
【행27:33 JFB】33-37. while day was coming on—"until it should be day"; that is, in the interval between the cutting off of the boat and the approach of day, which all were "anxiously looking for" (행27:29).
Paul—now looked up to by all the passengers as the man to direct them.
besought them all to take meat—"partake of a meal."
saying, This is the fourteenth day ye have tarried—"waited for a breathing time."
having eaten nothing—that is, taken no regular meal. The impossibility of cooking, the occupation of all hands to keep down leakage, &c., sufficiently explain this, which is indeed a common occurrence in such cases.
【행27:34 JFB】34. I pray you to take some meat, for this is for your health, for there shall not a hair fall from … any of you—On this beautiful union of confidence in the divine pledge and care for the whole ship's health and safety see on 행27:31.
【행27:35 JFB】35. when he had thus spoken he took bread—assuming the lead.
and gave thanks to God in presence of them all—an impressive act in such circumstances, and fitted to plant a testimony for the God he served in the breasts of all.
when he had broken it, he began to eat—not understood by the Christians in the ship as a love-feast, or celebration of the Lord's Supper, as some think, but a meal to recruit exhausted nature, which Paul shows them by his own example how a Christian partakes of.
【행27:36 JFB】36. Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat—"took food"; the first full meal since the commencement of the gale. Such courage in desperate circumstances as Paul here showed is wonderfully infectious.
【행27:38 JFB】38-40. when they had eaten enough, &c.—With fresh strength after the meal, they make a third and last effort to lighten the ship, not only by pumping, as before, but by throwing the whole cargo of wheat into the sea (see on 행27:6).
【행27:39 JFB】39. when it was day they knew not the land—This has been thought surprising in sailors accustomed to that sea. But the scene of the wreck is remote from the great harbor, and possesses no marked features by which it could be recognized, even by a native if he came unexpectedly upon it [Smith], not to speak of the rain pouring in torrents (행28:2), which would throw a haze over the coast even after day broke. Immediately on landing they knew where they were (행28:1).
discovered a creek with a shore—Every creek of course, must have a shore; but the meaning is, a practicable shore, in a nautical sense, that is, one with a smooth beach, in contradistinction to a rocky coast (as 행27:41 shows).
into which they were minded, if … possible, to thrust the ship—This was their one chance of safety.
【행27:39 MHCC】The ship that had weathered the storm in the open sea, where it had room, is dashed to pieces when it sticks fast. Thus, if the heart fixes in the world in affection, and cleaving to it, it is lost. Satan's temptations beat against it, and it is gone; but as long as it keeps above the world, though tossed with cares and tumults, there is hope for it. They had the shore in view, yet suffered shipwreck in the harbour; thus we are taught never to be secure. Though there is great difficulty in the way of the promised salvation, it shall, without fail, be brought to pass. It will come to pass that whatever the trials and dangers may be, in due time all believers will get safely to heaven. Lord Jesus, thou hast assured us that none of thine shall perish. Thou wilt bring them all safe to the heavenly shore. And what a pleasing landing will that be! Thou wilt present them to thy Father, and give thy Holy Spirit full possession of them for ever.
【행27:40 JFB】40. taken up the anchors, they committed themselves to the sea—The Margin is here evidently right, "cut the anchors (away), they left them in the sea."
loosed the rudder bands—Ancient ships were steered by two large paddles, one on each quarter. When anchored by the stern in a gale, it would be necessary to lift them out of the water and secure them by lashings or rudder bands, and to loose these when the ship was again got under way [Smith].
hoised up the mainsail—her, "the foresail," the best possible sail that be set in the circumstances. How necessary must the crew have been to execute all these movements, and how obvious the foresight which made their stay indispensable to the safety of all on board (see on 행27:31)!
【행27:41 JFB】41. falling into a place where two seas met—Smith thinks this refers to the channel, not more than one hundred yards broad, which separates the small island of Salmone from Malta, forming a communication between the sea inside the bay and that outside.
the fore part stuck fast, and remained immovable—"The rocks of Malta disintegrate into extremely minute particles of sand and clay, which, when acted upon by the currents or surface agitation, form a deposit of tenacious clay; but, in still waters, where these causes do not act, mud is formed; but it is only in creeks, where there are no currents, and at such a depth as to be undisturbed by the waves, that the mud occurs. A ship, therefore, impelled by the force of a gale, into a creek, with such a bottom, would strike a bottom of mud, graduating into tenacious clay, into which the fore part would fix itself, and be held fast, while the stern was exposed to the force of the waves" [Smith].
hinder part was broken—The continued action denoted by the tense here is to be noted—"was fast breaking," going to pieces.
【행27:42 JFB】42-44. the soldiers' counsel was to hill the prisoners, lest any … should escape—Roman cruelty, which made the keepers answerable for their prisoners with their own lives, is here reflected in this cruel proposal.
【행27:43 JFB】43. the centurion, &c.—Great must have been the influence of Paul over the centurion's mind to produce such an effect. All followed the swimmers in committing themselves to the deep, and according to the divine pledge and Paul's confident assurance given them, every soul got safe to land—yet without miracle. (While the graphic minuteness of this narrative of the shipwreck puts it beyond doubt that the narrator was himself on board, the great number of nautical phrases, which all critics have noted, along with the unprofessional air which the whole narrative wears, agrees singularly with all we know and have reason to believe of "the beloved physician"; see on 행16:40).
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