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■ 출애굽기 8장
1. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 너는 바로에게 가서 그에게 이르기를 여호와의 말씀에 내 백성을 보내라 그들이 나를 섬길 것이니라
And the Lord spake unto Moses , Go unto Pharaoh , and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord , Let my people go , that they may serve me.
2. 네가 만일 보내기를 거절하면 내가 개구리로 너의 온 지경을 칠지라
And if thou refuse to let them go , behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs :
3. 개구리가 하수에서 무수히 생기고 올라와서 네 궁에와 네 침실에와 네 침상 위에와 네 신하의 집에와 네 백성에게와 네 화덕에와 네 떡반죽 그릇에 들어갈지며
And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly , which shall go up and come into thine house , and into thy bedchamber , and upon thy bed , and into the house of thy servants , and upon thy people , and into thine ovens , and into thy kneadingtroughs :
4. 개구리가 네게와 네 백성에게와 네 모든 신하에게 오르리라 하셨다 하라
And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people , and upon all thy servants .
5. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 아론에게 명하기를 네 지팡이를 잡고 네 팔을 강들과 운하들과 못 위에 펴서 개구리로 애굽 땅에 올라오게 하라 할지니라
And the Lord spake unto Moses , Say unto Aaron , Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams , over the rivers , and over the ponds , and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt .
6. 아론이 팔을 애굽 물들 위에 펴매 개구리가 올라와서 애굽 땅에 덮이니
And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt ; and the frogs came up , and covered the land of Egypt .
7. 술객들도 자기 술법대로 이와 같이 하여 개구리로 애굽 땅에 올라오게 하였더라
And the magicians did so with their enchantments , and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt .
8. 바로가 모세와 아론을 불러 이르되 여호와께 구하여 개구리를 나와 내 백성에게서 떠나게 하라 내가 이 백성을 보내리니 그들이 여호와께 희생을 드릴 것이니라
Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron , and said , Intreat the Lord , that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people ; and I will let the people go , that they may do sacrifice unto the Lord .
9. 모세가 바로에게 이르되 내가 왕과 왕의 신하와 왕의 백성을 위하여 어느 때에 구하여 이 개구리를 왕과 왕궁에서 끊어서 하수에만 있게 하오리이까 내게 보이소서
And Moses said unto Pharaoh , Glory over me: when shall I intreat for thee, and for thy servants , and for thy people , to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses , that they may remain in the river only?
10. 그가 가로되 내일이니라 모세가 가로되 왕의 말씀대로 하여 왕으로 우리 하나님 여호와와 같은 이가 없는 줄을 알게 하리니
And he said , To morrow . And he said , Be it according to thy word : that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the Lord our God .
11. 개구리가 왕과 왕궁과 왕의 신하와 왕의 백성을 떠나서 하수에만 있으리이다 하고
And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses , and from thy servants , and from thy people ; they shall remain in the river only.
12. 모세와 아론이 바로를 떠나 나가서 바로에게 내리신 개구리에 대하여 모세가 여호와께 간구하매
And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh : and Moses cried unto the Lord because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh .
13. 여호와께서 모세의 말대로 하시니 개구리가 집에서, 마당에서, 밭에서 나와서 죽은지라
And the Lord did according to the word of Moses ; and the frogs died out of the houses , out of the villages , and out of the fields .
14. 사람들이 모아 무더기로 쌓으니 땅에서 악취가 나더라
And they gathered them together upon heaps : and the land stank .
15. 그러나 바로가 숨을 통할 수 있음을 볼 때에 그 마음을 완강케 하여 그들을 듣지 아니하였으니 여호와의 말씀과 같더라
But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite , he hardened his heart , and hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said .
16. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 아론에게 명하기를 네 지팡이를 들어 땅의 티끌을 치라 하라 그것이 애굽 온 땅에서 이가 되리라
And the Lord said unto Moses , Say unto Aaron , Stretch out thy rod , and smite the dust of the land , that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt .
17. 그들이 그대로 행할새 아론이 지팡이를 잡고 손을 들어 땅의 티끌을 치매 애굽 온 땅의 티끌이 다 이가 되어 사람과 생축에게 오르니
And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod , and smote the dust of the earth , and it became lice in man , and in beast ; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt .
18. 술객들이 자기 술법으로 이같이 행하여 이를 내려 하였으나 못 하였고 이는 사람과 생축에게 있은지라
And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice , but they could not: so there were lice upon man , and upon beast .
19. 술객이 바로에게 고하되 이는 하나님의 권능이니이다 하나 바로의 마음이 강퍅케 되어 그들을 듣지 아니하였으니 여호와의 말씀과 같더라
Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh , This is the finger of God : and Pharaoh’s heart was hardened , and he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said .
20. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 아침에 일찍이 일어나 바로 앞에 서라 그가 물로 나오리니 그에게 이르기를 여호와의 말씀에 내 백성을 보내라 그들이 나를 섬길 것이니라
And the Lord said unto Moses , Rise up early in the morning , and stand before Pharaoh ; lo, he cometh forth to the water ; and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord , Let my people go , that they may serve me.
21. 네가 만일 내 백성을 보내지 아니하면 내가 너와 네 신하와 네 백성을 보내지 아니하면 내가 너와 네 신하와 네 백성과 네 집들에 파리 떼를 보내리니 애굽 사람의 집집에 파리 떼가 가득할 것이며 그들의 거하는 땅에도 그러하리라
Else, if thou wilt not let my people go , behold, I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants , and upon thy people , and into thy houses : and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.
22. 그 날에 내가 내 백성의 거하는 고센 땅을 구별하여 그곳에는 파리 떼가 없게 하리니 이로 말미암아 나는 세상 중의 여호와인 줄을 네가 알게 될 것이라
And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen , in which my people dwell , that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am the Lord in the midst of the earth .
23. 내가 내 백성과 네 백성 사이에 구별을 두리니 내일 이 표징이 있으리라 하셨다 하라 하시고
And I will put a division between my people and thy people : to morrow shall this sign be.
24. 여호와께서 그와 같이 하시니 무수한 파리 떼가 바로의 궁에와 그 신하의 집에와 애굽 전국에 이르니 파리 떼로 인하여 땅이 해를 받더라
And the Lord did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh , and into his servants’ houses , and into all the land of Egypt : the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.
25. 바로가 모세와 아론을 불러 이르되 너희는 가서 이 땅에서 너희 하나님께 희생을 드리라
And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron , and said , Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land .
26. 모세가 가로되 그리함은 불가하니이다 우리가 우리 하나님 여호와께 희생을 드리는 것은 애굽 사람의 미워하는 바이온즉 우리가 만일 애굽 사람의 목전에서 희생을 드리면 그들이 그것을 미워하여 우리를 돌로 치지 아니하리이까
And Moses said , It is not meet so to do ; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the Lord our God : lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes , and will they not stone us?
27. 우리가 사흘길쯤 광야로 들어가서 우리 하나님 여호와께 희생을 드리되 우리에게 명하시는 대로 하려하나이다
We will go three days’ journey into the wilderness , and sacrifice to the Lord our God , as he shall command us.
28. 바로가 가로되 내가 너희를 보내리니 너희가 너희 하나님 여호와께 광야에서 희생을 드릴 것이나 너무 멀리는 가지 말라 그런즉 너희는 나를 위하여 기도하라
And Pharaoh said , I will let you go , that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness ; only ye shall not go very far away : intreat for me .
29. 모세가 가로되 내가 왕을 떠나 가서 여호와께 기도하리니 내일이면 파리 떼가 바로와 바로의 신하와 바로의 백성을 떠나려니와 바로는 이 백성을 보내어 여호와께 희생을 드리는 일에 다시 거짓을 행치 마소서 하고
And Moses said , Behold, I go out from thee, and I will intreat the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh , from his servants , and from his people , to morrow : but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord .
30. 모세가 바로를 떠나 나와서 여호와께 기도하니
And Moses went out from Pharaoh , and intreated the Lord .
31. 여호와께서 모세의 말대로 하사 파리를 바로와 그 신하와 그 백성에게 몰수히 떠나게 하시니라
And the Lord did according to the word of Moses ; and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh , from his servants , and from his people ; there remained not one .
32. 그러나 바로가 이 때에도 마음을 완강케 하여 백성을 보내지 아니하였더라
And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go .
■ 주석 보기
【출8:1 JFB】출8:1-15. Plague of Frogs.
1. the Lord spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh—The duration of the first plague for a whole week must have satisfied all that it was produced not by any accidental causes, but by the agency of omnipotent power. As a judgment of God, however, it produced no good effect, and Moses was commanded to wait on the king and threaten him, in the event of his continued obstinacy, with the infliction of a new and different plague. As Pharaoh's answer is not given, it may be inferred to have been unfavorable, for the rod was again raised.
【출8:1 CWC】[THE PLAGUES IN DETAIL]
1. First Group, 7:4 to 8:19.
(1) The river turned into blood (7:14-25). How far did this plague extend over the waters of Egypt (19)? If this were literally so, it may be asked, where did the magicians find material on which to work with their enchantments {22)? Is the answer suggested in v. 24? May they have dug up water from the ground for this purpose? If so, we can imagine the limited scale of their performance in contrast with that of Moses.
In connection with this miracle it should be known that commonly the Nile begins to rise about the end of June and attains its highest point at the end of September. It assumes a greenish hue at first, and becomes disagreeable to the taste and unwholesome. Then it becomes red and turbid for two or three weeks, although fit for use when red. The miraculous is seen here: (a) because it occurred in the winter, as we have not now time to prove; (b) the water was not merely reddened but turned into blood; (c) the fish died, which was not the case under the other circumstances; (d) the river stank and became offensive, while in the other case it was fit for use when red; (e) the stroke was arrested at the end of seven days, but ordinarily the redness lasted three weeks; (f) the change was brought on instantly at the command of Moses before the eyes of Pharaoh (Murphy).
{2) The frogs, 8:1-15. Frogs abound in Egypt, but "miracles are not the less supernatural because their products are natural objects, previously well known." That this visitation was miraculous is seen in that the frogs came at the word of command, and at an unusual time, and in an unusual degree and magnified form. "Frogs are not usually spawned, transformed into tadpoles, and then into frogs and spread over a country in a few moments."
What different effect on Pharaoh has this plague from the previous one (8)? It is difficult to understand the meaning of Moses' words: "Glory over me" (9), unless we take them in the sense of "appoint unto me a time, etc." As one of the older commentators suggests: "Moses experiences so much joy at Pharaoh's apparent relenting that he willingly gives him the honor of appointing the time when he should entreat the Lord for the removal of the plagues."
(3) The lice, 8:16-19. In other cases the water produced the cause of torture, whence does this arise (16)? What made this plague more aggravating than the former ones (17)? To what conclusion do the magicians come in this case (19)? Do you think they meant it was a judgment from Jehovah, or only a providential event? With which of these two possible opinions does Pharaoh's action seem to agree?
2. Second Group, 8:29 to 9:12.
(1) The flies, 8:20-32. What preliminary is omitted here that was observed in the other cases (compare v. 16, first part, for example)? How does this teach that the true wonder-worker is not tied to any particular mode of introducing his wonders? What distinction is now put between the Egyptians and the Hebrews? Why were the first three plagues permitted to fall upon the latter? Was it to help detach them from that land of their birth? How did this division between the two people emphasize the fact that the judgments were coming from the God of the Hebrews?
What further effect has this plague on the king (25)? Which is he willing to concede, the time or the place for sacrifice? Why will not Moses conform to his plan (26)? The Egyptians worshipped animals, like the cow and the sheep, and should the Hebrews offer them in sacrifice it would be an abomination in their eyes and bring serious consequence upon the offerers. Moreover, to do so in Egypt would, in some way, be an abomination to the Lord as well, and hence could not be considered.
What permission is now given the Hebrews (28)? What admonition to Pharaoh (29)? Was the latter heeded (32)?
(2) The Murrain, 7:1-7. Note that "cattle in the field" are specified. Some cattle among the Egyptians were stall-fed, and these seem to have been exempt (compare v. 19). What interesting investigation is the king led to make at this time, and with what confirmatory result (7)?
(3) The boils, 9:8-12. It is to be noted that the uncleanness resulting from such an attack would be particularly severe on a people who, like the Egyptians, made personal cleanliness a part of their religion.
3. Third Group, 9:13 to 10:29.
(1) The hail, 9:13-35. Read carefully vv. 14-17 of the section and observe the insight which God gives into the theory of His administration (Murphy). It is instructive, corrective and punitive, but never destructive of moral agents. He might have smitten Pharaoh and his people as easily as their cattle, annihilating them and thus removing all opposition to His demands, but such is not His way in dealing with His rational creatures. He approaches them with love, reason and justice, and only when they fail will He have recourse to correction, and finally punishment. Pharaoh will be an example of these things to all succeeding generations. It was for this God "raised him up" instead of striking him down.
How even yet does God remember mercy and leave an opening for faith (19-21)?
(2) The locusts, 10:1-20. What effect are the plagues beginning to have on the Egyptian generally (7)? What expression in the verse indicates the terrible devastation that must have already taken place? To what further extent is the king now prepared to yield (8-11)? What in the last verse shows his spirit in the premises? How does this plague finally effect him (16-17)? But does he yet surrender?
(3) The darkness, 10:21-29. What an object lesson is in v. 22. Not only for Pharaoh and Egypt is this so, but for us in a spiritual sense. The world is in darkness even until now, but Christ is the light of the world, and where He dwells is no darkness at all. What a text for a sermon, especially if treated in the light of its awful context!
How much further is Pharaoh willing to assent to Moses' demand (24)? But on what does the latter still insist (25, 26)? What "reckless madness" takes possession of the king? What is there ominous in the reply of Moses to him (29)? Is it not strange in this connection that Pharaoh never attempted to destroy the lives of Moses and Aaron? What better evidence could we have of the divine protection that accompanied them than this? And how it proves also the limitations of Satan's power (compare Job 1 and 2).
There is an awful significance in the plague of darkness, since the sun was a leading object of adoration with the Egyptians (under the name of Osiris), of which the king himself was the representative, entitling him in some sense to divine honors. Thus all the forms of Egyptian will-worship have been covered with shame and confusion in these nine plagues (Murphy).
【출8:1 MHCC】Pharaoh is plagued with frogs; their vast numbers made them sore plagues to the Egyptians. God could have plagued Egypt with lions, or bears, or wolves, or with birds of prey, but he chose to do it by these despicable creatures. God, when he pleases, can arm the smallest parts of the creation against us. He thereby humbled Pharaoh. They should neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep in quiet; but wherever they were, they should be troubled by the frogs. God's curse upon a man will pursue him wherever he goes, and lie heavy upon him whatever he does. Pharaoh gave way under this plague. He promises that he will let the people go. Those who bid defiance to God and prayer, first or last, will be made to see their need of both. But when Pharaoh saw there was respite, he hardened his heart. Till the heart is renewed by the grace of God, the thoughts made by affliction do not abide; the convictions wear off, and the promises that were given are forgotten. Till the state of the air is changed, what thaws in the sun will freeze again in the shade.
【출8:2 JFB】2. I will smite all thy borders with frogs—Those animals, though the natural spawn of the river, and therefore objects familiar to the people, were on this occasion miraculously multiplied to an amazing extent, and it is probable that the ova of the frogs, which had been previously deposited in the mire and marshes, were miraculously brought to perfection at once.
【출8:3 JFB】3. bedchamber … bed—mats strewed on the floor as well as more sumptuous divans of the rich.
ovens—holes made in the ground and the sides of which are plastered with mortar.
kneading-troughs—Those used in Egypt were bowls of wicker or rush work. What must have been the state of the people when they could find no means of escape from the cold, damp touch and unsightly presence of the frogs, as they alighted on every article and vessel of food!
【출8:5 JFB】5, 6. Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, &c. The miracle consisted in the reptiles leaving their marshes at the very time he commanded them.
【출8:7 JFB】7. the magicians did so with their enchantments—required no great art to make the offensive reptiles appear on any small spot of ground. What they undertook to do already existed in abundance all around. They would better have shown their power by removing the frogs.
【출8:8 JFB】8-15. Pharaoh called, … Intreat the Lord, that he may take away the frogs from me—The frog, which was now used as an instrument of affliction, whether from reverence or abhorrence, was an object of national superstition with the Egyptians, the god Ptha being represented with a frog's head. But the vast numbers, together with their stench, made them an intolerable nuisance so that the king was so far humbled as to promise that, if Moses would intercede for their removal, he would consent to the departure of Israel, and in compliance with this appeal, they were withdrawn at the very hour named by the monarch himself. But many, while suffering the consequences of their sins, make promises of amendment and obedience which they afterwards forget; and so Pharaoh, when he saw there was a respite, was again hardened [출8:15].
【출8:16 JFB】출8:16-19. Plague of Lice.
16. smite the dust of the land, &c.—Aaron's rod, by the direction of Moses, who was commanded by God, was again raised, and the land was filled with gnats, mosquitoes—that is the proper meaning of the original term. In ordinary circumstances they embitter life in Eastern countries, and therefore the terrible nature of this infliction on Egypt may be imagined when no precautions could preserve from their painful sting. The very smallness and insignificance of these fierce insects made them a dreadful scourge. The magicians never attempted any imitation, and what neither the blood of the river nor the nuisance of the frogs had done, the visitation of this tiny enemy constrained them to acknowledge "this is the finger of God"—properly "gods," for they spoke as heathens.
【출8:16 MHCC】These lice were produced out of the dust of the earth; out of any part of the creation God can fetch a scourge, with which to correct those who rebel against him. Even the dust of the earth obeys him. These lice were very troublesome, as well as disgraceful to the Egyptians, whose priests were obliged to take much pains that no vermin ever should be found about them. All the plagues inflicted on the Egyptians, had reference to their national crimes, or were rendered particularly severe by their customs. The magicians attempted to imitate it, but they could not. It forced them to confess, This is the finger of God! The check and restraint put upon us, must needs be from a Divine power. Sooner or later God will force even his enemies to acknowledge his own power. Pharaoh, notwithstanding this, was more and more obstinate.
【출8:20 JFB】출8:20-32. Plague of Flies.
20-24. Rise up early … Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water, &c.—Pharaoh still appearing obdurate, Moses was ordered to meet him while walking on the banks of the Nile and repeat his request for the liberation of Israel, threatening in case of continued refusal to cover every house from the palace to the cottage with swarms of flies—while, as a proof of the power that accomplished this judgment, the land of Goshen should be exempted from the calamity. The appeal was equally vain as before, and the predicted evil overtook the country in the form of what was not "flies," such as we are accustomed to, but divers sorts of flies (시78:45), the gad fly, the cockroach, the Egyptian beetle, for all these are mentioned by different writers. They are very destructive, some of them inflicting severe bites on animals, others destroying clothes, books, plants, every thing. The worship of flies, particularly of the beetle, was a prominent part of the religion of the ancient Egyptians. The employment of these winged deities to chastise them must have been painful and humiliating to the Egyptians while it must at the same time have strengthened the faith of the Israelites in the God of their fathers as the only object of worship.
【출8:20 MHCC】Pharaoh was early at his false devotions to the river; and shall we be for more sleep and more slumber, when any service to the Lord is to be done? The Egyptians and the Hebrews were to be marked in the plague of flies. The Lord knows them that are his, and will make it appear, perhaps in this world, certainly in the other, that he has set them apart for himself. Pharaoh unwillingly entered into a treaty with Moses and Aaron. He is content they should sacrifice to their God, provided they would do it in the land of Egypt. But it would be an abomination to God, should they offer the Egyptian sacrifices; and it would be an abomination to the Egyptians, should they offer to God the objects of the worship of the Egyptians, namely, their calves or oxen. Those who would offer acceptable sacrifice to God, must separate themselves from the wicked and profane. They must also retire from the world. Israel cannot keep the feast of the Lord, either among the brick-kilns or among the flesh-pots of Egypt. And they must sacrifice as God shall command, not otherwise. Though they were in slavery to Pharaoh, yet they must obey God's commands. Pharaoh consents for them to go into the wilderness, provided they do not go so far but that he might fetch them back again. Thus, some sinners, in a pang of conviction, part with their sins, yet are loth they should go very far away; for when the fright is over, they will turn to them again. Moses promised the removal of this plague. But let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more. Be not deceived; God is not mocked: if we think to cheat God by a sham repentance and a false surrender of ourselves to him, we shall put a fatal cheat upon our own souls. Pharaoh returned to his hardness. Reigning lusts break through the strongest bonds, and make men presume and go from their word. Many seem in earnest, but there is some reserve, some beloved, secret sin. They are unwilling to look upon themselves as in danger of everlasting misery. They will refrain from other sins; they do much, give much, and even punish themselves much. They will leave it off sometimes, and, as it were, let their sin depart a little way; but will not make up their minds to part with all and follow Christ, bearing the cross. Rather than that, they venture all. They are sorrowful, but depart from Christ, determined to keep the world at present, and they hope for some future season, when salvation may be had without such costly sacrifices; but, at length, the poor sinner is driven away in his wickedness, and left without hope to lament his folly.
【출8:25 JFB】25-32. Pharaoh called for Moses, … Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land, &c.—Between impatient anxiety to be freed from this scourge and a reluctance on the part of the Hebrew bondsmen, the king followed the course of expediency; he proposed to let them free to engage in their religious rites within any part of the kingdom. But true to his instructions, Moses would accede to no such arrangement; he stated a most valid reason to show the danger of it, and the king having yielded so far as to allow them a brief holiday across the border, annexed to this concession a request that Moses would entreat with Jehovah for the removal of the plague. He promised to do so, and it was removed the following day. But no sooner was the pressure over than the spirit of Pharaoh, like a bent bow, sprang back to its wonted obduracy, and, regardless of his promise, he refused to let the people depart.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.