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■ 출애굽기 5장
1. 그 후에 모세와 아론이 가서 바로에게 이르되 이스라엘 하나님 여호와의 말씀에 내 백성을 보내라 그들이 광야에서 내 앞에 절기를 지킬 것이니라 하셨나이다
And afterward Moses and Aaron went in , and told Pharaoh , Thus saith the Lord God of Israel , Let my people go , that they may hold a feast unto me in the wilderness .
2. 바로가 가로되 여호와가 누구관대 내가 그 말을 듣고 이스라엘을 보내겠느냐 나는 여호와를 알지 못하니 이스라엘도 보내지 아니하리라
And Pharaoh said , Who is the Lord , that I should obey his voice to let Israel go ? I know not the Lord , neither will I let Israel go .
3. 그들이 가로되 히브리인의 하나님이 우리에게 나타나셨은즉 우리가 사흘길쯤 광야에 가서 우리 하나님 여호와께 희생을 드리려하오니 가기를 허락하소서 여호와께서 온역이나 칼로 우리를 치실까 두려워하나이다
And they said , The God of the Hebrews hath met with us: let us go , we pray thee, three days’ journey into the desert , and sacrifice unto the Lord our God ; lest he fall upon us with pestilence , or with the sword .
4. 애굽 왕이 그들에게 이르되 모세와 아론아 너희가 어찌하여 백성으로 역사를 쉬게 하느냐 가서 너희의 역사나 하라
And the king of Egypt said unto them, Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron , let the people from their works ? get you unto your burdens .
5. 또 가로되 이제 나라에 이 백성이 많거늘 너희가 그들로 역사를 쉬게 하는도다 하고
And Pharaoh said , Behold, the people of the land now are many , and ye make them rest from their burdens .
6. 바로가 당일에 백성의 간역자들과 패장들에게 명하여 가로되
And Pharaoh commanded the same day the taskmasters of the people , and their officers , saying ,
7. 너희는 백성에게 다시는 벽돌 소용의 짚을 전과 같이 주지 말고 그들로 가서 스스로 줍게 하라
Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick , as heretofore : let them go and gather straw for themselves.
8. 또 그들의 전에 만든 벽돌 수효대로 그들로 만들게 하고 감하지 말라 그들이 게으르므로 소리질러 이르기를 우리가 가서 우리 하나님께 희생을 드리자 하나니
And the tale of the bricks , which they did make heretofore , ye shall lay upon them; ye shall not diminish ought thereof: for they be idle ; therefore they cry , saying , Let us go and sacrifice to our God .
9. 그 사람들의 고역을 무겁게 함으로 수고롭게 하여 그들로 거짓말을 듣지 않게 하라
Let there more work be laid upon the men , that they may labour therein; and let them not regard vain words .
10. 간역자들과 패장들이 나아가 백성에게 일러 가로되 바로의 말씀에 내가 너희에게 짚을 주지 아니하리니
And the taskmasters of the people went out , and their officers , and they spake to the people , saying , Thus saith Pharaoh , I will not give you straw .
11. 너희는 짚을 얻을 곳으로 가서 주우라 너희 일은 조금도 감하지 아니하리라 하셨느니라
Go ye, get you straw where ye can find it: yet not ought of your work shall be diminished .
12. 백성이 애굽 온 땅에 흩어져 곡초 그루터기를 거두어다가 짚을 대신하니
So the people were scattered abroad throughout all the land of Egypt to gather stubble instead of straw .
13. 간역자들이 그들을 독촉하여 가로되 너희는 짚이 있을 때와 같이 당일 일을 당일에 마치라 하며
And the taskmasters hasted them, saying , Fulfil your works , your daily tasks , as when there was straw .
14. 바로의 간역자들이 자기들의 세운바 이스라엘 자손의 패장들을 때리며 가로되 너희가 어찌하여 어제와 오늘에 만드는 벽돌의 수효를 전과 같이 채우지 아니하였느냐 하니라
And the officers of the children of Israel , which Pharaoh’s taskmasters had set over them, were beaten , and demanded , Wherefore have ye not fulfilled your task in making brick both yesterday and to day , as heretofore ?
15. 이스라엘 자손의 패장들이 가서 바로에게 호소하여 가로되 왕은 어찌하여 종들에게 이같이 하시나이까
Then the officers of the children of Israel came and cried unto Pharaoh , saying , Wherefore dealest thou thus with thy servants ?
16. 종들에게 짚을 주지 아니하고 그들이 우리더러 벽돌을 만들라 하나이다 종들이 매를 맞으오니 이는 왕의 백성의 허물이니이다
There is no straw given unto thy servants , and they say to us, Make brick : and, behold, thy servants are beaten ; but the fault is in thine own people .
17. 바로가 가로되 너희가 게으르다 게으르다 그러므로 너희가 이르기를 우리가 가서 여호와께 희생을 드리자 하는도다
But he said , Ye are idle , ye are idle : therefore ye say , Let us go and do sacrifice to the Lord .
18. 이제 가서 일하라 짚은 너희에게 주지 않을지라도 너희가 벽돌을 여수히 바칠지니라
Go therefore now, and work ; for there shall no straw be given you, yet shall ye deliver the tale of bricks .
19. 이스라엘 자손의 패장들이 너희의 매일 만드는 벽돌을 조금도 감하지 못하리라 함을 듣고 화가 몸에 미친 줄 알고
And the officers of the children of Israel did see that they were in evil case, after it was said , Ye shall not minish ought from your bricks of your daily task .
20. 그들이 바로를 떠나 나올 때에 모세와 아론이 길에 선 것을 만나
And they met Moses and Aaron , who stood in the way , as they came forth from Pharaoh :
21. 그들에게 이르되 너희가 우리로 바로의 눈과 그 신하의 눈에 미운 물건이 되게 하고 그들의 손에 칼을 주어 우리를 죽이게 하는도다 여호와는 너희를 감찰하시고 판단하시기를 원하노라
And they said unto them, The Lord look upon you, and judge ; because ye have made our savour to be abhorred in the eyes of Pharaoh , and in the eyes of his servants , to put a sword in their hand to slay us.
22. 모세가 여호와께 돌아와서 고하되 주여 어찌하여 이 백성으로 학대를 당케 하셨나이까 어찌하여 나를 보내셨나이까
And Moses returned unto the Lord , and said , Lord , wherefore hast thou so evil entreated this people ? why is it that thou hast sent me?
23. 내가 바로에게 와서 주의 이름으로 말함으로부터 그가 이 백성을 더 학대하며 주께서도 주의 백성을 구원치 아니하시나이다
For since I came to Pharaoh to speak in thy name , he hath done evil to this people ; neither hast thou delivered thy people at all .
■ 주석 보기
【출5:1 JFB】출5:1-23. First Interview with Pharaoh.
1. Moses and Aaron went in—As representatives of the Hebrews, they were entitled to ask an audience of the king, and their thorough Egyptian training taught them how and when to seek it.
and told Pharaoh—When introduced, they delivered a message in the name of the God of Israel. This is the first time He is mentioned by that national appellation in Scripture. It seems to have been used by divine direction (출4:2) and designed to put honor on the Hebrews in their depressed condition (히11:16).
【출5:1 CWC】[MOSES AND AARON IN EGYPT]
1. Before Israel, 4:29-31.
What is the first step taken by Moses and Aaron on their return (29)? What "signs" are referred to in v. 30? (For answer compa계4:1-9.) How did the people receive their message (31)? What effect was produced on the people by God's compassion?
2. Before Pharaoh, 5:1-23.
How does Moses limit his demand (v. 1 compared with 3:18)? Do you think it was necessary to tell Pharaoh the complete purpose of God with reference to His people? In replying to this question, however, it is well to know that "a three days journey" would take them clear out of Egypt, and that therefore there was no deceit in what Moses said. And by making this smallest demand upon Pharaoh did it not give him the least possible occasion to harden his heart?
How does he express his contempt of the demand (2)? What charge does he lay against God's messages (4)? What new hardships are imposed on Israel (5-14)?
By whom are the messengers now reproached (19-21)? These "officers" seem to have been Israelites placed over their brethren in subordination to the Egyptian "taskmasters." Their Hebrew name, "shoterim," is defined as referring to managers who kept account of matters under their charge. What is the effect of this reproach on Moses, and how is his dejection expressed (22-23)?
3. Before the Lord, 6:1-13.
We receive a stirring impression of the encouragement this interview must have brought to Moses if we consider the several declarations of God about Himself and His purposes thus (vv. 1-8):
I am the Lord.
I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac and unto Jacob.
I have established My covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan.
I have heard the groaning of the children of Israel.
I have remembered My covenant.
I will bring you out from under the burden of the Egyptians.
I will redeem you with a stretched out arm.
I will take you to Me for a people.
I will be to you a God.
I will bring you in unto the land.
I will give it you for an heritage.
I am the Lord.
What do you suppose God means in v. 3? Of course the literal name "Jehovah" was known to the fathers, but its complete import was unknown. The name denotes not only the eternal existence of God but that unchangeable truth and omnipotent power which give fulfillment to His promises. The fathers had received the promises but had not yet enjoyed them. Now, however, God was about to do what He had decreed, and the following verses which speak of this are explanatory of the name. It were as though He said:
"I am Jehovah, for I am now to do what I have declared to be My purpose." Compare, for further illustration of this name, 출7:5, 겔28:22.
How is the renewal of Moses' message received by the people, and why (9)?
4. Genealogical Record, 6:14-27.
The design of this record just here is to establish the lineage of Moses and Aaron because of their prominence and importance in the coming history of the nation (26-27).
THE PLAGUES OF EGYPT: AN INTRODUCTORY STUDY
【출5:1 MHCC】God will own his people, though poor and despised, and will find a time to plead their cause. Pharaoh treated all he had heard with contempt. He had no knowledge of Jehovah, no fear of him, no love to him, and therefore refused to obey him. Thus Pharaoh's pride, ambition, covetousness, and political knowledge, hardened him to his own destruction. What Moses and Aaron ask is very reasonable, only to go three days' journey into the desert, and that on a good errand. We will sacrifice unto the Lord our God. Pharaoh was very unreasonable, in saying that the people were idle, and therefore talked of going to sacrifice. He thus misrepresents them, that he might have a pretence to add to their burdens. To this day we find many who are more disposed to find fault with their neighbours, for spending in the service of God a few hours spared from their wordly business, than to blame others, who give twice the time to sinful pleasures. Pharaoh's command was barbarous. Moses and Aaron themselves must get to the burdens. Persecutors take pleasure in putting contempt and hardship upon ministers. The usual tale of bricks must be made, without the usual allowance of straw to mix with the clay. Thus more work was to be laid upon the men, which, if they performed, they would be broken with labour; and if not, they would be punished.
【출5:2 JFB】2. And Pharaoh said, Who is the Lord—rather "Jehovah." Lord was a common name applied to objects of worship; but Jehovah was a name he had never heard of. Pharaoh estimated the character and power of this God by the abject and miserable condition of the worshippers and concluded that He held as low a rank among the gods as His people did in the nation. To demonstrate the supremacy of the true God over all the gods of Egypt, was the design of the plagues.
I know not the Lord, neither will I let Israel go—As his honor and interest were both involved he determined to crush this attempt, and in a tone of insolence, or perhaps profanity, rejected the request for the release of the Hebrew slaves.
【출5:3 JFB】3. The God of the Hebrews hath met with us—Instead of being provoked into reproaches or threats, they mildly assured him that it was not a proposal originating among themselves, but a duty enjoined on them by their God. They had for a long series of years been debarred from the privilege of religious worship, and as there was reason to fear that a continued neglect of divine ordinances would draw down upon them the judgments of offended heaven, they begged permission to go three days' journey into the desert—a place of seclusion—where their sacrificial observances would neither suffer interruption nor give umbrage to the Egyptians. In saying this, they concealed their ultimate design of abandoning the kingdom, and by making this partial request at first, they probably wished to try the king's temper before they disclosed their intentions any farther. But they said only what God had put in their mouths (출3:12, 18), and this "legalizes the specific act, while it gives no sanction to the general habit of dissimulation" [Chalmers].
【출5:4 JFB】4. Wherefore do ye, Moses and Aaron, let the people from their works? &c.—Without taking any notice of what they had said, he treated them as ambitious demagogues, who were appealing to the superstitious feelings of the people, to stir up sedition and diffuse a spirit of discontent, which spreading through so vast a body of slaves, might endanger the peace of the country.
【출5:6 JFB】6. Pharaoh commanded—It was a natural consequence of the high displeasure created by this interview that he should put additional burdens on the oppressed Israelites.
taskmasters—Egyptian overseers, appointed to exact labor of the Israelites.
officers—Hebrews placed over their brethren, under the taskmasters, precisely analogous to the Arab officers set over the Arab Fellahs, the poor laborers in modern Egypt.
【출5:7 JFB】7. Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick—The making of bricks appears to have been a government monopoly as the ancient bricks are nearly all stamped with the name of a king, and they were formed, as they are still in Lower Egypt, of clay mixed with chopped straw and dried or hardened in the sun. The Israelites were employed in this drudgery; and though they still dwelt in Goshen and held property in flocks and herds, they were compelled in rotation to serve in the brick quarries, pressed in alternating groups, just as the fellaheen, or peasants, are marched by press gangs in the same country still.
let them go and gather straw for themselves—The enraged despot did not issue orders to do an impracticable thing. The Egyptian reapers in the corn harvest were accustomed merely to cut off the ears and leave the stalk standing.
【출5:8 JFB】8. tale—an appointed number of bricks. The materials of their labor were to be no longer supplied, and yet, as the same amount of produce was exacted daily, it is impossible to imagine more aggravated cruelty—a perfect specimen of Oriental despotism.
【출5:10 MHCC】The Egyptian task-masters were very severe. See what need we have to pray that we may be delivered from wicked men. The head-workmen justly complained to Pharaoh: but he taunted them. The malice of Satan has often represented the service and worship of God, as fit employment only for those who have nothing else to do, and the business only of the idle; whereas, it is the duty of those who are most busy in the world. Those who are diligent in doing sacrifice to the Lord, will, before God, escape the doom of the slothful servant, though with men they do not. The Israelites should have humbled themselves before God, and have taken to themselves the shame of their sin; but instead of that, they quarrel with those who were to be their deliverers. Moses returned to the Lord. He knew that what he had said and done, was by God's direction; and therefore appeals to him. When we find ourselves at any time perplexed in the way of our duty, we ought to go to God, and lay open our case before him by fervent prayer. Disappointments in our work must not drive us from our God, but still we must ponder why they are sent.
【출5:12 JFB】12. So the people were scattered—It was an immense grievance to the laborers individually, but there would be no hindrance from the husbandmen whose fields they entered, as almost all the lands of Egypt were in the possession of the crown (창47:20).
【출5:19 JFB】13-19. And the taskmasters hasted them … officers … beaten—As the nearest fields were bared and the people had to go farther for stubble, it was impossible for them to meet the demand by the usual tale of bricks. "The beating of the officers is just what might have been expected from an Eastern tyrant, especially in the valley of the Nile, as it appears from the monuments, that ancient Egypt, like modern China, was principally governed by the stick" [Taylor]. "The mode of beating was by the offender being laid flat on the ground and generally held by the hands and feet while the chastisement was administered" [Wilkinson]. (신25:2). A picture representing the Hebrews on a brick field, exactly as described in this chapter, was found in an Egyptian tomb at Thebes.
【출5:21 JFB】20, 21. they met Moses … The Lord look upon you, and judge—Thus the deliverer of Israel found that this patriotic interference did, in the first instance, only aggravate the evil he wished to remove, and that instead of receiving the gratitude, he was loaded with the reproaches of his countrymen. But as the greatest darkness is immediately before the dawn, so the people of God are often plunged into the deepest affliction when on the eve of their deliverance; and so it was in this case.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.