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■ 출애굽기 34장
1. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 너는 돌판 둘을 처음 것과 같이 깍아 만들라 네가 깨뜨린 바 처음 것과 같이 깎아 만들라 네가 깨뜨린 바 처음 판에 있던 말을 내가 그 판에 쓰리니
And the Lord said unto Moses , Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first : and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables , which thou brakest .
2. 아침 전에 예비하고 아침에 시내 산에 올라와 산꼭대기에서 내게 보이되
And be ready in the morning , and come up in the morning unto mount Sinai , and present thyself there to me in the top of the mount .
3. 아무도 너와 함께 오르지 말며 온 산에 인적을 금하고 양과 소도 산 앞에서 먹지 못하게 하라
And no man shall come up with thee, neither let any man be seen throughout all the mount ; neither let the flocks nor herds feed before that mount .
4. 모세가 돌판 둘을 처음 것과 같이 깎아 만들고 아침에 일찍이 일어나 그 두 돌판을 손에 들고 여호와의 명대로 시내 산에 올라가니
And he hewed two tables of stone like unto the first ; and Moses rose up early in the morning , and went up unto mount Sinai , as the Lord had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone .
5. 여호와께서 구름 가운데 강림하사 그와 함께 거기 서서 여호와의 이름을 반포하실새
And the Lord descended in the cloud , and stood with him there, and proclaimed the name of the Lord .
6. 여호와께서 그의 앞으로 지나시며 반포하시되 여호와로라 여호와로라 자비롭고 은혜롭고 노하기를 더디하고 인자와 진실이 많은 하나님이로라
And the Lord passed by before him , and proclaimed , The Lord , The Lord God , merciful and gracious , longsuffering , and abundant in goodness and truth ,
7. 인자를 천대까지 베풀며 악과 과실과 죄를 용서하나 형벌 받을 자는 결단코 면죄하지 않고 아비의 악을 자녀손 삼사 대까지 보응하리라
Keeping mercy for thousands , forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin , and that will by no means clear the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children , and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation.
8. 모세가 급히 땅에 엎드리어 경배하며
And Moses made haste , and bowed his head toward the earth , and worshipped .
9. 가로되 주여 내가 주께 은총을 입었거든 원컨대 주는 우리 중에서 행하옵소서 이는 목이 곧은 백성이니이다 우리의 악과 죄를 사하시고 우리로 주의 기업을 삼으소서
And he said , If now I have found grace in thy sight , O Lord , let my Lord , I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people ; and pardon our iniquity and our sin , and take us for thine inheritance .
10. 여호와께서 가라사대 보라 내가 언약을 세우나니 곧 내가 아직 온 땅 아무 국민에게도 행치 아니한 이적을 너희 전체 백성 앞에 행할 것이라 너의 머무는 나라 백성이 다 여호와의 소위를 보리니 내가 너를 위하여 행할 일이 두려운 것임이니라
And he said , Behold, I make a covenant : before all thy people I will do marvels , such as have not been done in all the earth , nor in any nation : and all the people among which thou art shall see the work of the Lord : for it is a terrible thing that I will do with thee.
11. 너는 내가 오늘 네게 명하는 것을 삼가 지키라 보라 내가 네 앞에서 아모리 사람과 가나안 사람과 헷 사람과 브리스 사람과 히위 사람과 여부스 사람을 쫓아내리니
Observe thou that which I command thee this day : behold, I drive out before thee the Amorite , and the Canaanite , and the Hittite , and the Perizzite , and the Hivite , and the Jebusite .
12. 너는 스스로 삼가 네가 들어가는 땅의 거민과 언약을 세우지 말라 그들이 너희 중에 올무가 될까 하노라
Take heed to thyself, lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land whither thou goest , lest it be for a snare in the midst of thee:
13. 너희는 도리어 그들의 단들을 헐고 그들의 주상을 깨뜨리고 그들의 아세라 상을 찍을지어다
But ye shall destroy their altars , break their images , and cut down their groves :
14. 너는 다른 신에게 절하지 말라 여호와는 질투라 이름하는 질투의 하나님임이니라
For thou shalt worship no other god : for the Lord , whose name is Jealous , is a jealous God :
15. 너는 삼가 그 땅의 거민과 언약을 세우지 말지니 이는 그들이 모든 신을 음란히 섬기며 그 신들에게 희생을 드리고 너를 청하면 네가 그 희생을 먹을까 함이며
Lest thou make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land , and they go a whoring after their gods , and do sacrifice unto their gods , and one call thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice ;
16. 또 네가 그들의 딸들로 네 아들들의 아내를 삼음으로 그들의 딸들이 그 신들을 음란히 섬기며 네 아들로 그들의 신들을 음란히 섬기게 할까 함이니라
And thou take of their daughters unto thy sons , and their daughters go a whoring after their gods , and make thy sons go a whoring after their gods .
17. 너는 신상들을 부어 만들지 말지니라
Thou shalt make thee no molten gods .
18. 너는 무교절을 지키되 내가 네게 명한 대로 아빕월 그 기한에 칠 일 동안 무교병을 먹으라 이는 네가 아빕월에 애굽에서 나왔음이니라
The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep . Seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread , as I commanded thee, in the time of the month Abib : for in the month Abib thou camest out from Egypt .
19. 무릇 초태생은 다 내 것이며 무릇 네 가축의 수컷 처음 난 우양도 다 그러하며
All that openeth the matrix is mine; and every firstling among thy cattle , whether ox or sheep , that is male .
20. 나귀의 첫 새끼는 어린 양으로 대속할 것이요 그렇게 아니하려면 그 목을 꺾을 것이며 네 아들 중 장자는 다 대속할지며 빈 손으로 내 얼굴을 보지 말지니라
But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb : and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck . All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem . And none shall appear before me empty .
21. 너는 엿새 동안 일하고 제칠일에는 쉴지니 밭 갈 때에나 거둘 때에도 쉴지며
Six days thou shalt work , but on the seventh day thou shalt rest : in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest .
22. 칠칠절 곧 맥추의 초실절을 지키고 가을에는 수장절을 지키라
And thou shalt observe the feast of weeks , of the firstfruits of wheat harvest , and the feast of ingathering at the year’s end .
23. 너희 모든 남자는 매년 세번씩 주 여호와 이스라엘의 하나님 앞에 보일지라
Thrice in the year shall all your men children appear before the Lord God , the God of Israel .
24. 내가 열방을 네 앞에서 쫓아내고 네 지경을 넓히리니 네가 매년 세번씩 여호와 너희 하나님께 보이러 올 때에 아무 사람도 네 땅을 탐내어 엿보지 못하리라
For I will cast out the nations before thee, and enlarge thy borders : neither shall any man desire thy land , when thou shalt go up to appear before the Lord thy God thrice in the year .
25. 너는 내 희생의 피를 유교병과 함께 드리지 말며 유월절 희생을 아침까지 두지 말지며
Thou shalt not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leaven ; neither shall the sacrifice of the feast of the passover be left unto the morning .
26. 너의 토지소산의 처음 익은 것을 가져다가 너의 하나님 여호와의 전에 드릴지며 너는 염소 새끼를 그 어미의 젖으로 삶지 말지니라
The first of the firstfruits of thy land thou shalt bring unto the house of the Lord thy God . Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk .
27. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 너는 이 말들을 기록하라 내가 이 말들의 뜻대로 너와 이스라엘과 언약을 세웠음이니라 하시니라
And the Lord said unto Moses , Write thou these words : for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel .
28. 모세가 여호와와 함께 사십 일 사십 야를 거기 있으면서 떡도 먹지 아니하였고 물도 마시지 아니하였으며 여호와께서는 언약의 말씀 곧 십계를 그 판들에 기록하셨더라
And he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights ; he did neither eat bread , nor drink water . And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant , the ten commandments .
29. 모세가 그 증거의 두 판을 자기 손에 들고 시내산에서 내려오니 그 산에서 내려올 때에 모세는 자기가 여호와와 말씀하였음을 인하여 얼굴 꺼풀에 광채가 나나 깨닫지 못하였더라
And it came to pass, when Moses came down from mount Sinai with the two tables of testimony in Moses’ hand , when he came down from the mount , that Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him.
30. 아론과 온 이스라엘 자손이 모세를 볼 때에 모세의 얼굴 꺼풀에 광채 남을 보고 그에게 가까이 하기를 두려워하더니
And when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses , behold, the skin of his face shone ; and they were afraid to come nigh him.
31. 모세가 그들을 부르니 아론과 회중의 모든 어른이 모세에게로 오고 모세가 그들과 말하니
And Moses called unto them; and Aaron and all the rulers of the congregation returned unto him: and Moses talked with them.
32. 그 후에야 온 이스라엘 자손이 가까이 오는지라 모세가 여호와께서 시내 산에서 자기에게 이르신 말씀을 다 그들에게 명하고
And afterward all the children of Israel came nigh : and he gave them in commandment all that the Lord had spoken with him in mount Sinai .
33. 그들에게 말하기를 마치고 수건으로 자기 얼굴을 가리웠더라
And till Moses had done speaking with them, he put a vail on his face .
34. 그러나 모세가 여호와 앞에 들어가서 함께 말씀할 때에는 나오기까지 수건을 벗고 있다가 나와서는 그 명하신 일을 이스라엘 자손에게 고하며
But when Moses went in before the Lord to speak with him, he took the vail off , until he came out . And he came out , and spake unto the children of Israel that which he was commanded .
35. 이스라엘 자손이 모세의 얼굴의 광채를 보는 고로 모세가 여호와께 말씀하러 들어가기까지 다시 수건으로 자기 얼굴을 가리웠더라
And the children of Israel saw the face of Moses , that the skin of Moses’ face shone : and Moses put the vail upon his face again , until he went in to speak with him.
■ 주석 보기
【출34:1 JFB】출34:1-35. The Tables Are Renewed.
1. the like unto the first—God having been reconciled to repentant Israel, through the earnest intercession, the successful mediation of Moses, means were to be taken for the restoration of the broken covenant. Intimation was given, however, in a most intelligible and expressive manner, that the favor was to be restored with some memento of the rupture; for at the former time God Himself had provided the materials, as well as written upon them. Now, Moses was to prepare the stone tables, and God was only to retrace the characters originally inscribed for the use and guidance of the people.
【출34:1 MHCC】When God made man in his own image, the moral law was written in his heart, by the finger of God, without outward means. But since the covenant then made with man was broken, the Lord has used the ministry of men, both in writing the law in the Scriptures, and in writing it in the heart. When God was reconciled to the Israelites, he ordered the tables to be renewed, and wrote his law in them. Even under the gospel of peace by Christ, the moral law continues to bind believers. Though Christ has redeemed us from the curse of the law, yet not from the commands of it. The first and the best evidence of the pardon of sin, and peace with God, is the writing the law in the heart.
【출34:2 JFB】2. present thyself … to me in the top of the mount—Not absolutely the highest peak; for as the cloud of the Shekinah usually abode on the summit, and yet (출34:5) it "descended," the plain inference is that Moses was to station himself at a point not far distant, but still below the loftiest pinnacle.
【출34:3 JFB】3. no man shall come up with thee … neither … flocks nor herds—All these enactments were made in order that the law might be a second time renewed with the solemnity and sanctity that marked its first delivery. The whole transaction was ordered so as to impress the people with an awful sense of the holiness of God; and that it was a matter of no trifling moment to have subjected Him, so to speak, to the necessity of re-delivering the law of the ten commandments.
【출34:4 JFB】4. Moses … took in his hand the two tables of stone—As Moses had no attendant to divide the labor of carrying them, it is evident that they must have been light, and of no great dimensions—probably flat slabs of shale or slate, such as abound in the mountainous region of Horeb. An additional proof of their comparatively small size appears in the circumstance of their being deposited in the ark of the most holy place (출25:10).
【출34:5 JFB】5. the Lord descended in the cloud—After graciously hovering over the tabernacle, it seems to have resumed its usual position on the summit of the mount. It was the shadow of God manifest to the outward senses; and, at the same time, of God manifest in the flesh. The emblem of a cloud seems to have been chosen to signify that, although He was pleased to make known much about himself, there was more veiled from mortal view. It was to check presumption and engender awe and give a humble sense of human attainments in divine knowledge, as now man sees, but darkly.
【출34:5 MHCC】The Lord descended by some open token of his presence and manifestation of his glory in a cloud, and thence proclaimed his NAME; that is, the perfections and character which are denoted by the name JEHOVAH. The Lord God is merciful; ready to forgive the sinner, and to relieve the needy. Gracious; kind, and ready to bestow undeserved benefits. Long-suffering; slow to anger, giving time for repentance, only punishing when it is needful. He is abundant in goodness and truth; even sinners receive the riches of his bounty abundantly, though they abuse them. All he reveals is infallible truth, all he promises is in faithfulness. Keeping mercy for thousands; he continually shows mercy to sinners, and has treasures, which cannot be exhausted, to the end of time. Forgiving iniquity, and transgression, and sin; his mercy and goodness reach to the full and free forgiveness of sin. And will by no means clear the guilty; the holiness and justice of God are part of his goodness and love towards all his creatures. In Christ's sufferings, the Divine holiness and justice are fully shown, and the evil of sin is made known. God's forgiving mercy is always attended by his converting, sanctifying grace. None are pardoned but those who repent and forsake the allowed practice of every sin; nor shall any escape, who abuse, neglect, or despise this great salvation. Moses bowed down, and worshipped reverently. Every perfection in the name of God, the believer may plead with Him for the forgiveness of his sins, the making holy of his heart, and the enlargement of the Redeemer's kingdom.
【출34:6 JFB】6. the Lord passed by before him—in this remarkable scene, God performed what He had promised to Moses the day before.
proclaimed, The Lord … merciful and gracious—At an earlier period He had announced Himself to Moses, in the glory of His self-existent and eternal majesty, as "I am" [출3:14]; now He makes Himself known in the glory of His grace and goodness—attributes that were to be illustriously displayed in the future history and experience of the church. Being about to republish His law—the sin of the Israelites being forgiven and the deed of pardon about to be signed and sealed by renewing the terms of the former covenant—it was the most fitting time to proclaim the extent of the divine mercy which was to be displayed, not in the case of Israel only, but of all who offend.
【출34:8 JFB】8-26. Moses bowed … and worshipped—In the East, people bow the head to royalty, and are silent when it passes by, while in the West, they take off their hats and shout.
【출34:9 JFB】9, 10. he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us—On this proclamation, he, in the overflowing benevolence of s heart, founded an earnest petition for the Divine Presence being continued with the people; and God was pleased to give His favorable answer to Moses' intercession by a renewal of His promise under the form of a covenant, repeating the leading points that formed the conditions of the former national compact.
【출34:10 MHCC】The Israelites are commanded to destroy every monument of idolatry, however curious or costly; to refuse all alliance, friendship, or marriage with idolaters, and all idolatrous feasts; and they were reminded not with idolaters, and all idolatrous feats; and they were reminded not to repeat the crime of making molten images. Jealously is called the rage of a man, 잠6:34; but in God it is holy and just displeasure. Those cannot worship God aright, who do not worship him only.
【출34:18 MHCC】Once a week they must rest, even in ploughing time, and in harvest. All worldly business must give way to that holy rest; even harvest work will prosper the better, for the religious observance of the sabbath day in harvest time. We must show that we prefer our communion with God, and our duty to him, before the business or the joy of harvest. Thrice a year they must appear before the Lord God, the God of Israel. Canaan was a desirable land, and the neighbouring nations were greedy; yet God says, They shall not desire it. Let us check all sinful desires against God and his glory, in our hearts, and then trust him to check all sinful desires in the hearts of others against us. The way of duty is the way of safety. Those who venture for him never lose by him. Three feasts are here mentioned: 1. The Passover, in remembrance of the deliverance out of Egypt. 2. The feast of weeks, or the feast of Pentecost; added to it is the law of the first-fruits. 3. The feast of in-gathering, or the feast of Tabernacles. Moses is to write these words, that the people might know them better. We can never be enough thankful to God for the written word. God would make a covenant with Israel, in Moses as a mediator. Thus the covenant of grace is made with believers through Christ.
【출34:27 JFB】27, 28. And the Lord said unto Moses, Write thou these words—that is, the ceremonial and judicial injunctions comprehended above (출34:11-26); while the rewriting of the ten commandments on the newly prepared slabs was done by God Himself (compare 신10:1-4).
【출34:28 JFB】28. he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights—as long as formerly [출24:18], being sustained for the execution of his special duties by the miraculous power of God. A special cause is assigned for his protracted fast on this second occasion (신9:18).
【출34:28 MHCC】Near and spiritual communion with God improves the graces of a renewed and holy character. Serious godliness puts a lustre upon a man's countenance, such as commands esteem and affection. The vail which Moses put on, marked the obscurity of that dispensation, compared with the gospel dispensation of the New Testament. It was also an emblem of the natural vail on the hearts of men respecting spiritual things. Also the vail that was and is upon the nation of Israel, which can only be taken away by the Spirit of the Lord showing to them Christ, as the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth. Fear and unbelief would put the vail before us, they would hinder our free approach to the mercy-seat above. We should spread our wants, temporal and spiritual, fully before our heavenly Father; we should tell him our hinderances, struggles, trails, and temptations; we should acknowledge our offences.
【출34:29 JFB】29. Moses wist not that the skin of his face shone while he talked with him—It was an intimation of the exalted presence into which he had been admitted and of the glory he had witnessed (고후3:18); and in that view, it was a badge of his high office as the ambassador of God. No testimonial needed to be produced. He bore his credentials on his very face; and whether this extraordinary effulgence was a permanent or merely temporary distinction, it cannot be doubted that this reflected glory was given him as an honor before all the people.
【출34:30 JFB】30. they were afraid to come nigh him—Their fear arose from a sense of guilt—the beaming radiance of his countenance made him appear to their awe-struck consciences a flaming minister of heaven.
【출34:33 JFB】33. he put a veil on his face—That veil was with the greatest propriety removed when speaking with the Lord, for every one appears unveiled to the eye of Omniscience; but it was replaced on returning to the people—and this was emblematic of the dark and shadowy character of that dispensation (고후3:13, 14).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.