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■ 출애굽기 33장
1. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 너는 네가 애굽 땅에서 인도하여 낸 백성과 함꼐 여기서 떠나서 내가 아브라함과 이삭과 야곱에게 맹세하기를 네 자손에게 주마 한 그 땅으로 올라가라
And the Lord said unto Moses , Depart , and go up hence, thou and the people which thou hast brought up out of the land of Egypt , unto the land which I sware unto Abraham , to Isaac , and to Jacob , saying , Unto thy seed will I give it:
2. 내가 사자를 네 앞서 보내어 가나안 사람과 아모리 사람과 헷 사람과 브리스 사람과 히위 사람과 여부스 사람을 쫓아내고
And I will send an angel before thee; and I will drive out the Canaanite , the Amorite , and the Hittite , and the Perizzite , the Hivite , and the Jebusite :
3. 너희로 젖과 꿀이 흐르는 땅에 이르게 하려니와 나는 너희와 함께 올라가지 아니하리니 너희는 목이 곧은 백성인즉 내가 중로에서 너희를 진멸할까 염려함이니라 하시니
Unto a land flowing with milk and honey : for I will not go up in the midst of thee; for thou art a stiffnecked people : lest I consume thee in the way .
4. 백성이 이 황송한 말씀을 듣고 슬퍼하여 한 사람도 그 몸을 단장하지 아니하니
And when the people heard these evil tidings , they mourned : and no man did put on him his ornaments .
5. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시기를 이스라엘 자손에게 이르라 너희는 목이 곧은 백성인즉 내가 순식간이라도 너희 중에 행하면 너희를 진멸하리니 너희 단장품을 제하라 그리하면 내가 너희에게 어떻게 할 일을 알겠노라 하셨음이라
For the Lord had said unto Moses , Say unto the children of Israel , Ye are a stiffnecked people : I will come up into the midst of thee in a moment , and consume thee: therefore now put off thy ornaments from thee, that I may know what to do unto thee.
6. 이스라엘 자손이 호렙 산에서부터 그 단장품을 제하니라
And the children of Israel stripped themselves of their ornaments by the mount Horeb .
7. 모세가 항상 장막을 취하여 진 밖에 쳐서 진과 멀리 떠나게 하고 회막이라 이름하니 여호와를 앙모하는 자는 다 진 바깥 회막으로 나아가며
And Moses took the tabernacle , and pitched it without the camp , afar off from the camp , and called it the Tabernacle of the congregation . And it came to pass, that every one which sought the Lord went out unto the tabernacle of the congregation , which was without the camp .
8. 모세가 회막으로 나아갈 때에는 백성이 다 일어나 자기 장막문에 서서 모세가 회막에 들어가기까지 바라보며
And it came to pass, when Moses went out unto the tabernacle , that all the people rose up , and stood every man at his tent door , and looked after Moses , until he was gone into the tabernacle .
9. 모세가 회막에 들어갈 때에 구름 기둥이 내려 회막문에 서며 여호와께서 모세와 말씀하시니
And it came to pass, as Moses entered into the tabernacle , the cloudy pillar descended , and stood at the door of the tabernacle , and the Lord talked with Moses .
10. 모든 백성이 회막문에 구름 기둥이 섰음을 보고 다 일어나 각기 장막문에 서서 경배하며
And all the people saw the cloudy pillar stand at the tabernacle door : and all the people rose up and worshipped , every man in his tent door .
11. 사람이 그 친구와 이야기함 같이 여호와께서는 모세와 대면하여 말씀하시며 모세는 진으로 돌아오나 그 수종자 눈의 아들 청년 여호수아는 회막을 떠나지 아니하니라
And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face , as a man speaketh unto his friend . And he turned again into the camp : but his servant Joshua , the son of Nun , a young man , departed not out of the tabernacle .
12. 모세가 여호와께 고하되 보시옵소서 주께서 나더러 이 백성을 인도하여 올라가라 하시면서 나와 함께 보낼 자를 내게 지시하지 아니하시나이다 주께서 전에 말씀하시기를 나는 이름으로도 너를 알고 너도 내 앞에 은총을 입었다 하셨사온즉
And Moses said unto the Lord , See , thou sayest unto me, Bring up this people : and thou hast not let me know whom thou wilt send with me. Yet thou hast said , I know thee by name , and thou hast also found grace in my sight .
13. 내가 참으로 주의 목전에 은총을 입게 하시며 이 족속을 주의 백성으로 여기소서
Now therefore, I pray thee, if I have found grace in thy sight , shew me now thy way , that I may know thee, that I may find grace in thy sight : and consider that this nation is thy people .
14. 여호와께서 가라사대 내가 친히 가리라 내가 너로 편케 하리라
And he said , My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest .
15. 모세가 여호와께 고하되 주께서 친히 가지 아니하시려거든 우리를 이곳에서 올려 보내지 마옵소서
And he said unto him, If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence.
16. 나와 주의 백성이 주의 목전에 은총 입은 줄을 무엇으로 알리이까 주께서 우리와 함께 행하심으로 나와 주의 백성을 천하 만민 중에 구별하심이 아니니이까
For wherein shall it be known here that I and thy people have found grace in thy sight ? is it not in that thou goest with us? so shall we be separated , I and thy people , from all the people that are upon the face of the earth .
17. 여호와께서 모세에게 이르시되 너의 말하는 이 일도 내가 하리니 너는 내 목전에 은총을 입었고 내가 이름으로도 너를 앎이니라
And the Lord said unto Moses , I will do this thing also that thou hast spoken : for thou hast found grace in my sight , and I know thee by name .
18. 모세가 가로되 원컨대 주의 영광을 내게 보이소서
And he said , I beseech thee , shew me thy glory .
19. 여호와께서 가라사대 내가 나의 모든 선한 형상을 네 앞으로 지나게 하고 여호와의 이름을 네 앞에 반포하리라 나는 은혜 줄 자에게 은혜를 주고 긍휼히 여길 자에게 긍휼을 베푸느니라
And he said , I will make all my goodness pass before thee, and I will proclaim the name of the Lord before thee; and will be gracious to whom I will be gracious , and will shew mercy on whom I will shew mercy .
20. 또 가라사대 네가 내 얼굴을 보지 못하리니 나를 보고 살 자가 없음이니라
And he said , Thou canst not see my face : for there shall no man see me, and live .
21. 여호와께서 가라사대 보라 내 곁에 한 곳이 있으니 너는 그 반석 위에 섰으라
And the Lord said , Behold, there is a place by me, and thou shalt stand upon a rock :
22. 내 영광이 지날 때에 내가 너를 반석 틈에 두고 내가 지나도록 내 손으로 너를 덮었다가
And it shall come to pass, while my glory passeth by , that I will put thee in a clift of the rock , and will cover thee with my hand while I pass by :
23. 손을 거두리니 네가 내 등을 볼 것이요 얼굴은 보지 못하리라
And I will take away mine hand , and thou shalt see my back parts : but my face shall not be seen .
■ 주석 보기
【출33:1 JFB】출33:1-23. The Lord Refuses to Go with the People.
1. the Lord said—rather "had" said unto Moses. The conference detailed in this chapter must be considered as having occurred prior to the pathetic intercession of Moses, recorded at the close of the preceding chapter; and the historian, having mentioned the fact of his earnest and painful anxiety, under the overwhelming pressure of which he poured forth that intercessory prayer for his apostate countrymen, now enters on a detailed account of the circumstances.
【출33:1 CWC】[THE BREACH MADE AND REPAIRED]
Moses for forty days has been absent in the mount, and to the people it seemed long. Had they forgotten the awe-inspired sights and sounds they had seen and heard? Had all the sublime and stirring events of the months since they departed from Egypt been obliterated from their memory? How can we explain the folly into which they now fell? If we can not explain it, let us ask our own hearts if we know anything like it.
1. The Molten Calf, 32:1-6.
What demand was made of Aaron (1)? How was their sinful impatience shown? How does the phrase: "who shall go before us," indicate the cause of their impatience? Describe Aaron's guilt (2-5). Does this appear to have been a violation of the first or the second commandment?
The idol was probably a piece of wood carved into the shape of a calf, and overlaid with melted gold. The model was the bull worshipped by the Egyptians. The last words of v. 6 refer to unclean practices associated with such worship among the heathen.
2. Divine Wrath, 32:7-14.
By the use of what pronoun in v. 7 does God renounce leadership of the people? What test of loyalty is put to Moses in v. 10? How does he apparently ignore God's rejection of the people in v. 11? Notice the two strong arguments he presents in his expostulation (12, 13). One is God's honor in the sight of Egypt, and the other His honor in the keeping of his original promise to Israel. But does Moses excuse the sin of the people? When it says: "the Lord repented," does it mean that He had changeable feelings like a man? Or should we say, rather that He acted on His unchangeable principle, always to show mercy to the penitent?
3. Swift Punishment, 32:15-29.
Joshua in all probability had been awaiting Moses on the mount outside the cloud that enveloped him, and therefore had not heard the communication about the idolatrous worship. This doubtless explains the conversation in vv. 17 and 18.
Observe what Moses did: (1) He broke the two tablets of testimony, doubtless as emblematic of the breach the sin of the people had made in their covenant with God; (2) he destroyed the image, grinding it into power and casting it in the brook from which they were supplied with drink; then did they experience in a physical sense the bitter results of their infatuation; (3) he rebuked Aaron, whose act was inexcusable (compare 신9:15-21); (4) he judged the people through the instrumentality of the sons of Levi.
"Fill your hand" (29) means, as in a previous lesson, "consecrate yourselves this day unto the Lord." If it seems strange that the Levites met no effective resistance in their righteously indictive work, an explanation may be found in that many sympathized with them and disapproved of the sin committed. Perhaps also there were many indifferent ones, who simply had been led away by strong and wicked leaders. Then, consider the weakening effect of a conscience stricken by the sense of sin, which must have followed Moses' words and actions.
4. Potent Intercession, 32:30 to 33:6.
Instant destruction had been stayed, but full pardon had not been obtained, hence Moses' action in these verses.
Note the impassionate form of entreaty in V. 32. The consequences if God will not forgive their sin are unutterable. He does not name them. He feels that he could not live or enjoy the blessings of eternity if this were not done. Compare Paul's words concerning the same people (롬9:1-5).
What can he mean by "the book Thou hast written"? How interesting that phrase thus early in the history of revelation! The Israelites were familiar with a register of families. Did Moses grasp by faith that such a register of the saints was to be found above?
What divine principle concerning sin and sinners is laid down in v. 33? (Compare 겔17:19-23.)
What command, promise and warning are found in v. 34? How does v. 35 show that God assumes the responsibility for what Moses and the Levites did? And how docs it show that the people were held responsible for what Aaron did?
For "My Angel" of v. 34 compa계23:20, and recall the previous instruction that He possesses the attributes and prerogatives of God. Subsequent revelation will conclusively show Him to be the second Person of the Trinity.
The last clause of this verse shows that while "the intercessor has prevailed, he has not yet heard the word of full remission." The breach is repaired, but the relationship with God is not yet what it was before. The next lesson shows how that is brought about.
THE COVENANT RENEWED
【출33:1 MHCC】Those whom God pardons, must be made to know what their sin deserved. “Let them go forward as they are;” this was very expressive of God's displeasure. Though he promises to make good his covenant with Abraham, in giving them Canaan, yet he denies them the tokens of his presence they had been blessed with. The people mourned for their sin. Of all the bitter fruits and consequences of sin, true penitents most lament, and dread most, God's departure from them. Canaan itself would be no pleasant land without the Lord's presence. Those who parted with ornaments to maintain sin, could do no less than lay aside ornaments, in token of sorrow and shame for it.
【출33:3 JFB】3. I will not go up … lest I consume thee—Here the Lord is represented as determined to do what He afterwards did not. (See on 출32:7).
【출33:4 JFB】4. when the people heard these evil tidings—from Moses on his descent from the mount.
【출33:5 JFB】5. put off thy ornaments—In seasons of mourning, it is customary with Eastern people to lay aside all gewgaws and divest themselves of their jewels, their gold, and every thing rich and splendid in their dress. This token of their sorrow the Lord required of His offending people.
that I may know what to do unto thee—The language is accommodated to the feeble apprehensions of men. God judges the state of the heart by the tenor of the conduct. In the case of the Israelites, He cherished a design of mercy; and the moment He discerned the first symptoms of contrition, by their stripping off their ornaments, as penitents conscious of their error and sincerely sorrowful, this fact added its weight to the fervency of Moses' prayers, and gave them prevalence with God in behalf of the people.
【출33:7 JFB】7. Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp—Not the tabernacle, of which a pattern had been given him, for it was not yet erected, but his own tent—conspicuous as that of the leader—in a part of which he heard cases and communed with God about the people's interests; hence called "the tabernacle of the congregation," and the withdrawal of which, in abhorrence from a polluted camp, was regarded as the first step in the total abandonment with which God had threatened them.
【출33:7 MHCC】Moses took the tabernacle, and pitched it without the camp. This seems to have been a temporary building, set up for worship, and at which he judged disputes among the people. The people looked after him; they were very desirous to be at peace with God, and concerned to know what would come to pass. The cloudy pillar which had withdrawn from the camp when it was polluted with idolatry, now returned. If our hearts go forth toward God to meet him, he will graciously come to meet us.
【출33:8 JFB】8. all the people rose up, and stood every man at his tent door—Its removal produced deep and universal consternation; and it is easy to conceive how anxiously all eyes would be directed towards it; how rapidly the happy intelligence would spread, when a phenomenon was witnessed from which an encouraging hope could be founded.
【출33:9 JFB】9-11. the cloudy pillar descended, and stood at the door of the tabernacle—How would the downcast hearts of the people revive—how would the tide of joy swell in every bosom, when the symbolic cloud was seen slowly and majestically to descend and stand at the entrance of the tabernacle!
as Moses entered—It was when he appeared as their mediator, when he repaired from day to day to intercede for them, that welcome token of assurance was given that his advocacy prevailed, that Israel's sin was forgiven, and that God would again be gracious.
【출33:12 MHCC】Moses is very earnest with God. Thus, by the intercession of Christ, we are not only saved from ruin, but become entitled to everlasting happiness. Observe here how he pleads. We find grace in God's sight, if we find grace in our hearts to guide and quicken us in the way of our duty. Moses speaks as one who dreaded the thought of going forward without the Lord's presence. God's gracious promises, and mercy towards us, should not only encourage our faith, but also excite our fervency in prayer. Observe how he speeds. See, in a type, Christ's intercession, which he ever lives to make for all that come to God by him; and that it is not by any thing in those for whom he intercedes. Moses then entreats a sight of God's glory, and is heard in that also. A full discovery of the glory of God, would overwhelm even Moses himself. Man is mean, and unworthy of it; weak, and could not bear it; guilty, and could not but dread it. The merciful display which is made in Christ Jesus, alone can be borne by us. The Lord granted that which would abundantly satisfy. God's goodness is his glory; and he will have us to know him by the glory of his mercy, more than by the glory of his majesty. Upon the rock there was a fit place for Moses to view the goodness and glory of God. The rock in Horeb was typical of Christ the Rock; the Rock of refuge, salvation, and strength. Happy are they who stand upon this Rock. The cleft may be an emblem of Christ, as smitten, crucified, wounded, and slain. What follows, denotes the imperfect knowledge of God in the present state, even as revealed in Christ; for this, when compared with the heavenly sight of him. is but like seeing a man that is gone by, whose back only is to be seen. God in Christ, as he is, even the fullest and brightest displays of his glory, grace, and goodness, are reserved to another state.
【출33:18 JFB】18-23. I beseech thee, show me thy glory—This is one of the most mysterious scenes described in the Bible: he had, for his comfort and encouragement, a splendid and full display of the divine majesty, not in its unveiled effulgence, but as far as the weakness of humanity would admit. The face, hand, back parts, are to be understood figuratively.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.