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■ 창세기 41장
1. 만 이년 후에 바로가 꿈을 꾼즉 자기가 하숫가에 섰는데
And it came to pass at the end of two full years , that Pharaoh dreamed : and, behold, he stood by the river .
2. 보니 아름답고 살찐 일곱 암소가 하수에서 올라와 갈밭에서 뜯어먹고
And, behold, there came up out of the river seven well favoured kine and fatfleshed ; and they fed in a meadow .
3. 그 뒤에 또 흉악하고 파리한 다른 일곱 암소가 하수에서 올라와 그 소와 함께 하숫가에 섰더니
And, behold, seven other kine came up after them out of the river , ill favoured and leanfleshed ; and stood by the other kine upon the brink of the river .
4. 그 흉악하고 파리한 소가 그 아름답고 살찐 일곱 소를 먹은지라 바로가 곧 깨었다가
And the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine did eat up the seven well favoured and fat kine . So Pharaoh awoke .
5. 다시 잠이 들어 꿈을 꾸니 한 줄기에 무성하고 충실한 일곱 이삭이 나오고
And he slept and dreamed the second time : and, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk , rank and good .
6. 그 후에 또 세약하고 동풍에 마른 일곱 이삭이 나오더니
And, behold, seven thin ears and blasted with the east wind sprung up after them .
7. 그 세약한 일곱 이삭이 무성하고 충실한 일곱 이삭을 삼킨지라 바로가 깬즉 꿈이라
And the seven thin ears devoured the seven rank and full ears . And Pharaoh awoke , and, behold, it was a dream .
8. 아침에 그 마음이 번민하여 보내어 애굽의 술객과 박사를 모두 불러 그들에게 그 꿈을 고하였으나 그것을 바로에게 해석하는 자가 없었더라
And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled ; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt , and all the wise men thereof: and Pharaoh told them his dream ; but there was none that could interpret them unto Pharaoh .
9. 술 맡은 관원장이 바로에게 고하여 가로되 내가 오늘날 나의 허물을 추억하나이다
Then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh , saying , I do remember my faults this day :
10. 바로께서 종들에게 노하사 나와 떡 굽는 관원장을 시위대장의 집에 가두셨을 때에
Pharaoh was wroth with his servants , and put me in ward in the captain of the guard’s house , both me and the chief baker :
11. 나와 그가 하룻밤에 꿈을 꾼즉 각기 징조가 있는 꿈이라
And we dreamed a dream in one night , I and he; we dreamed each man according to the interpretation of his dream .
12. 그곳에 시위대장의 종된 히브리 소년이 우리와 함께 있기로 우리가 그에게 고하매 그가 우리의 꿈을 풀되 그 꿈대로 각인에게 해석하더니
And there was there with us a young man , an Hebrew , servant to the captain of the guard ; and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams ; to each man according to his dream he did interpret .
13. 그 해석한 대로 되어 나는 복직하고 그는 매여 달렸나이다
And it came to pass, as he interpreted to us, so it was; me he restored unto mine office , and him he hanged .
14. 이에 바로가 보내어 요셉을 부르매 그들이 급히 그를 옥에서 낸지라 요셉이 곧 수염을 깎고 그 옷을 갈아 입고 바로에게 들어오니
Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph , and they brought him hastily out of the dungeon : and he shaved himself, and changed his raiment , and came in unto Pharaoh .
15. 바로가 요셉에게 이르되 내가 한 꿈을 꾸었으나 그것을 해석하는 자가 없더니 들은즉 너는 꿈을 들으면 능히 푼다더라
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph , I have dreamed a dream , and there is none that can interpret it: and I have heard say of thee, that thou canst understand a dream to interpret it.
16. 요셉이 바로에게 대답하여 가로되 이는 내게 있는 것이 아니라 하나님이 바로에게 평안한 대답을 하시리이다
And Joseph answered Pharaoh , saying , It is not in me : God shall give Pharaoh an answer of peace .
17. 바로가 요셉에게 이르되 내가 꿈에 하숫가에 서서
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph , In my dream , behold, I stood upon the bank of the river :
18. 보니 살지고 아름다운 일곱 암소가 하숫가에 올라와 갈밭에서 뜯어 먹고
And, behold, there came up out of the river seven kine , fatfleshed and well favoured ; and they fed in a meadow :
19. 그 뒤에 또 약하고 심히 흉악하고 파리한 일곱 암소가 올라오니 그같이 흉악한 것들은 애굽 땅에서 내가 아직 보지 못한 것이라
And, behold, seven other kine came up after them , poor and very ill favoured and leanfleshed , such as I never saw in all the land of Egypt for badness :
20. 그 파리하고 흉악한 소가 처음의 일곱 살찐 소를 먹었으며
And the lean and the ill favoured kine did eat up the first seven fat kine :
21. 먹었으나 먹은듯하지 아니하여 여전히 흉악하더라 내가 곧 깨었다가
And when they had eaten them up , it could not be known that they had eaten them ; but they were still ill favoured , as at the beginning . So I awoke .
22. 다시 꿈에 보니 한 줄기에 무성하고 충실한 일곱 이삭이 나오고
And I saw in my dream , and, behold, seven ears came up in one stalk , full and good :
23. 그 후에 또 세약하고 동풍에 마른 일곱 이삭이 나더니
And, behold, seven ears , withered , thin , and blasted with the east wind , sprung up after them :
24. 그 세약한 이삭이 좋은 일곱 이삭을 삼키더라 내가 그 꿈을 술객에게 말하였으나 그것을 내게 보이는 자가 없느니라
And the thin ears devoured the seven good ears : and I told this unto the magicians ; but there was none that could declare it to me.
25. 요셉이 바로에게 고하되 바로의 꿈은 하나이라 하나님이 그 하실 일을 바로에게 보이심이니이다
And Joseph said unto Pharaoh , The dream of Pharaoh is one : God hath shewed Pharaoh what he is about to do .
26. 일곱 좋은 암소는 일곱 해요 일곱 좋은 이삭도 일곱 해니 그 꿈은 하나이라
The seven good kine are seven years ; and the seven good ears are seven years : the dream is one .
27. 그 후에 올라온 파리하고 흉악한 일곱 소는 칠년이요 동풍에 말라 속이 빈 일곱 이삭도 일곱 해 흉년이니
And the seven thin and ill favoured kine that came up after them are seven years ; and the seven empty ears blasted with the east wind shall be seven years of famine .
28. 내가 바로에게 고하기를 하나님이 그 하실 일로 바로에게 보이신다 함이 이것이라
This is the thing which I have spoken unto Pharaoh : What God is about to do he sheweth unto Pharaoh .
29. 온 애굽 땅에 일곱 해 큰 풍년이 있겠고
Behold, there come seven years of great plenty throughout all the land of Egypt :
30. 후에 일곱 해 흉년이 들므로 애굽 땅에 있던 풍년을 다 잊어버리게 되고 이 땅이 기근으로 멸망되리니
And there shall arise after them seven years of famine ; and all the plenty shall be forgotten in the land of Egypt ; and the famine shall consume the land ;
31. 후에 든 그 흉년이 너무 심하므로 이전 풍년을 이 땅에서 기억하지 못하게 되리이다
And the plenty shall not be known in the land by reason of that famine following ; for it shall be very grievous .
32. 바로께서 꿈을 두 번 겹쳐 꾸신 것은 하나님이 이 일을 정하셨음이라 속히 행하시리니
And for that the dream was doubled unto Pharaoh twice ; it is because the thing is established by God , and God will shortly bring it to pass .
33. 이제 바로께서는 명철하고 지혜있는 사람을 택하여 애굽 땅을 치리하게 하시고
Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man discreet and wise , and set him over the land of Egypt .
34. 바로께서는 또 이같이 행하사 국중에 여러 관리를 두어 그 일곱 해 풍년에 애굽 땅의 오분의 일을 거두되
Let Pharaoh do this, and let him appoint officers over the land , and take up the fifth part of the land of Egypt in the seven plenteous years .
35. 그 관리로 장차 올 풍년의 모든 곡물을 거두고 그 곡물을 바로의 손에 돌려 양식을 위하여 각 성에 적치하게 하소서
And let them gather all the food of those good years that come , and lay up corn under the hand of Pharaoh , and let them keep food in the cities .
36. 이와 같이 그 곡물을 이 땅에 저장하여 애굽 땅에 임할 일곱 해 흉년을 예비하시면 땅이 이 흉년을 인하여 멸망치 아니하리이다
And that food shall be for store to the land against the seven years of famine , which shall be in the land of Egypt ; that the land perish not through the famine .
37. 바로와 그 모든 신하가 이 일을 좋게 여긴지라
And the thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh , and in the eyes of all his servants .
38. 바로가 그 신하들에게 이르되 이와 같이 하나님의 신에 감동한 사람을 우리가 어찌 얻을 수 있으리요 하고
And Pharaoh said unto his servants , Can we find such a one as this is, a man in whom the Spirit of God is?
39. 요셉에게 이르되 하나님이 이 모든 것을 네게 보이셨으니 너와 같이 명철하고 지혜있는 자가 없도다
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph , Forasmuch as God hath shewed thee all this, there is none so discreet and wise as thou art:
40. 너는 내 집을 치리하라 내 백성이 다 네 명을 복종하리니 나는 너보다 높음이 보좌뿐이니라
Thou shalt be over my house , and according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled : only in the throne will I be greater than thou.
41. 바로가 또 요셉에게 이르되 내가 너로 애굽 온 땅을 총리하게 하노라 하고
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph , See , I have set thee over all the land of Egypt .
42. 자기의 인장 반지를 빼어 요셉의 손에 끼우고 그에게 세마포 옷을 입히고 금사슬을 목에 걸고
And Pharaoh took off his ring from his hand , and put it upon Joseph’s hand , and arrayed him in vestures of fine linen , and put a gold chain about his neck ;
43. 자기에게 있는 버금 수레에 그를 태우매 무리가 그 앞에서 소리 지르기를 엎드리라 하더라 바로가 그로 애굽 전국을 총리하게 하였더라
And he made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him , Bow the knee : and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt .
44. 바로가 요셉에게 이르되 나는 바로라 애굽 온 땅에서 네 허락 없이는 수족을 놀릴 자가 없으리라 하고
And Pharaoh said unto Joseph , I am Pharaoh , and without thee shall no man lift up his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt .
45. 그가 요셉의 이름을 사브낫바네아라 하고 또 온 제사장 보디베라의 딸 아스낫을 그에게 주어 아내를 삼게 하니라 요셉이 나가 애굽 온 땅을 순찰하니라
And Pharaoh called Joseph’s name Zaphnath–paaneah ; and he gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Poti–pherah priest of On . And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt .
46. 요셉이 애굽왕 바로 앞에 설 때에 삼십 세라 그가 바로 앞을 떠나 애굽 온 땅을 순찰하니
And Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh king of Egypt . And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh , and went throughout all the land of Egypt .
47. 일곱 해 풍년에 토지 소출이 심히 많은지라
And in the seven plenteous years the earth brought forth by handfuls .
48. 요셉이 애굽 땅에 있는 그 칠년 곡물을 거두어 각성에 저축하되 각성 주위의 밭의 곡물을 그 성중에 저장하매
And he gathered up all the food of the seven years , which were in the land of Egypt , and laid up the food in the cities : the food of the field , which was round about every city , laid he up in the same .
49. 저장한 곡식이 바다 모래 같이 심히 많아 세기를 그쳤으니 그 수가 한이 없음이었더라
And Joseph gathered corn as the sand of the sea , very much , until he left numbering ; for it was without number .
50. 흉년이 들기 전에 요셉에게 두 아들을 낳되 곧 온 제사장 보디베라의 딸 아스낫이 그에게 낳은지라
And unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine came , which Asenath the daughter of Poti–pherah priest of On bare unto him.
51. 요셉이 그 장자의 이름을 므낫세라 하였으니 하나님이 나로 나의 모든 고난과 나의 아비의 온 집 일을 잊어버리게 하셨다 함이요
And Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh : For God , said he, hath made me forget all my toil , and all my father’s house .
52. 차자의 이름을 에브라임이라 하였으니 하나님이 나로 나의 수고 한 땅에서 창성하게 하셨다 함이었더라
And the name of the second called he Ephraim : For God hath caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction .
53. 애굽 땅에 일곱 해 풍년이 그치고
And the seven years of plenteousness , that was in the land of Egypt , were ended .
54. 요셉의 말과 같이 일곱 해 흉년이 들기 시작하매 각국에는 기근이 있으나 애굽 온 땅에는 식물이 있더니
And the seven years of dearth began to come , according as Joseph had said : and the dearth was in all lands ; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread .
55. 애굽 온 땅이 주리매 백성이 바로에게 부르짖어 양식을 구하는지라 바로가 애굽 모든 백성에게 이르되 요셉에게 가서 그가 너희에게 이르는 대로 하라 하니라
And when all the land of Egypt was famished , the people cried to Pharaoh for bread : and Pharaoh said unto all the Egyptians , Go unto Joseph ; what he saith to you, do .
56. 온 지면에 기근이 있으매 요셉이 모든 창고를 열고 애굽 백성에게 팔새 애굽 땅에 기근이 심하며
And the famine was over all the face of the earth : And Joseph opened all the storehouses, and sold unto the Egyptians ; and the famine waxed sore in the land of Egypt .
57. 각국 백성도 양식을 사려고 애굽으로 들어와 요셉에게 이르렀으니 기근이 온 세상에 심함이었더라
And all countries came into Egypt to Joseph for to buy corn; because that the famine was so sore in all lands .
■ 주석 보기
【창41:1 JFB】창41:1-24. Pharaoh's Dream.
1. at the end of two full years—It is not certain whether these years are reckoned from the beginning of Joseph's imprisonment, or from the events described in the preceding chapter—most likely the latter. What a long time for Joseph to experience the sickness of hope deferred! But the time of his enlargement came when he had sufficiently learned the lessons of God designed for him; and the plans of Providence were matured.
Pharaoh dreamed—"Pharaoh," from an Egyptian word Phre, signifying the "sun," was the official title of the kings of that country. The prince, who occupied the throne of Egypt, was Aphophis, one of the Memphite kings, whose capital was On or Heliopolis, and who is universally acknowledged to have been a patriot king. Between the arrival of Abraham and the appearance of Joseph in that country, somewhat more than two centuries had elapsed. Kings sleep and dream, as well as their subjects. And this Pharaoh had two dreams in one night so singular and so similar, so distinct and so apparently significant, so coherent and vividly impressed on his memory, that his spirit was troubled.
【창41:1 CWC】[JOSEPH'S HISTORY]
The general familiarity with these chapters warrants the grouping of them in one lesson, especially as there is little requiring explanation within our present scope.
1. Loved and Hated, 37.
It may seem foolish for Joseph to have made known his dreams to his brethren, and thus increase their enmity against him, but we should consider God's purpose in the matter, whether Joseph understood it or not. In the outcome it was important that they should know these dreams, which were really prophecies, in advance of their fulfillment for the sake of the moral effect upon them.
In this chapter it will be seen that the merchantmen are called both Ishmaelites and Midianites, both being in the company, perhaps, as their territories were contiguous in Arabia.
2. Sold Into Slavery, 39.
Note the faith and piety of Joseph as indicated in v. 9, in language unlike anything hitherto recorded of the patriarchs. Note too that according to v. 20 Potiphar must have doubted the truth of his wife's charge, or else he would probably have executed Joseph.
3. Falsely Imprisoned, 40.
This chapter is chiefly notable for the further evidence it gives of Joseph's intimate acquaintance with and faith in God, and the close dealings of God with him in the revelation of these things.
4. Exalted to the Throne, 41.
Note Pharaoh's testimony to Joseph's power with God (38), not that he himself knew the true God, but that he witnessed to the power Joseph had with the God he (Joseph) served. How does this incident in Joseph's life illustrate 딤전4:8, last clause?
The name given Joseph by Pharaoh merits attention notwithstanding the difficulty in its interpretation. The Revised Version spells it "Zaphenathpaneah," but it is not determined whether it is of Hebrew, Egyptian or Coptic derivation. If the first it may mean "Revealer of secrets"; if the second, "Bread of Life"; if the third, "Saviour of the world"; all bearing on the same thought and any of them both significant and appropriate.
5. Dealing with His Brethren, 42 to 44.
The details of these chapters show the purpose of Joseph to "multiply unlooked for events and complicate the situation for his brethren, both to awaken their conviction of wrongdoing in the past and an expectation of something still more mysterious, whether good or bad, in the future" - thus preparing them for the great revelation soon to be made.
In chapter 44:17, 18 the reference to the three days is important for its bearing on the death and resurrection of Christ. It will be well to note, for example, the vague way of the Hebrews in using the words. According to our usage, had Joseph's brethren been imprisoned three days it would not have been until the fourth day that he changed his plan, but instead of that they were shut up but two nights and the intermediate day, with parts of the first and third days. This was the time Jesus was in the grave, so that there is no more reason to accuse the Bible of inaccuracy or contradiction in the one case than in the other. (Studies in Genesis, in loco.)
6. Revealing Himself to His Brethren, 45.
Why was Pharaoh so pleased to have Jacob and his family settle in Egypt? To show appreciation of Joseph? Yes, and for other reasons. It was not merely three-score and six souls that constituted the whole encampment of Jacob, but between three and four thousand souls, if we count all their dependents, which was a valuable accession to any nation when we consider the character of the people.
And there may have been another reason still, if it be true that the reigning dynasty at this time was the Hyksos or Shepherd kings, i. e., Syrians or Asiatics who centuries before had invaded and seized upon the kingdom, and so were unpopular with the native races. It would be a great advantage to them to have so powerful an accession of Asiatics as Jacob's tribe represented, not only to increase their riches but to "give additional firmness to the throne against the discontent and disturbance of the native races."
7. Settling the Family in Goshen, 46 to 48.
Note the suitableness of Goshen as a place of settlement for the Israelites. In the first place, it afforded good pasturage and they were shepherds, but in some parts of it there was excellent tillage as well. In the next place, its location near the Isthmus of Suez, - made it easy to depart from later on when the necessity was so great. And last, but not least, it was a location where the least offense would be given to the native races, and there was reason for such offense because shepherds were held in abomination by them. Their subjugation by a shepherd race explains this in part, but there was another reason in that the Egyptians for religious reasons did not eat flesh. They worshipped the beasts which the Israelites ate and offered in sacrifice to God.
How long did Jacob live in Egypt (47:28)? What solemn promise did he extract from Joseph just prior to his death (29-31)? Do you think this expressed only the natural desire to be buried with his own people, or did it express faith in the divine promise that his seed should ultimately inherit Canaan?
【창41:1 MHCC】The means of Joseph's being freed from prison were Pharaoh's dreams, as here related. Now that God no longer speaks to us in that way, it is no matter how little we either heed dreams, or tell them. The telling of foolish dreams can make no better than foolish talk. But these dreams showed that they were sent of God; when he awoke, Pharaoh's spirit was troubled.
【창41:8 JFB】8. he called for all the magicians of Egypt—It is not possible to define the exact distinction between "magicians" and "wise men"; but they formed different branches of a numerous body, who laid claim to supernatural skill in occult arts and sciences, in revealing mysteries, explaining portents, and, above all, interpreting dreams. Long practice had rendered them expert in devising a plausible way of getting out of every difficulty and framing an answer suitable to the occasion. But the dreams of Pharaoh baffled their united skill. Unlike their Assyrian brethren (단2:4), they did not pretend to know the meaning of the symbols contained in them, and the providence of God had determined that they should all be nonplussed in the exercise of their boasted powers, in order that the inspired wisdom of Joseph might appear the more remarkable.
【창41:9 JFB】9-13. then spake the chief butler unto Pharaoh, saying, I do remember my faults—This public acknowledgment of the merits of the young Hebrew would, tardy though it was, have reflected credit on the butler had it not been obviously made to ingratiate himself with his royal master. It is right to confess our faults against God, and against our fellow men when that confession is made in the spirit of godly sorrow and penitence. But this man was not much impressed with a sense of the fault he had committed against Joseph; he never thought of God, to whose goodness he was indebted for the prophetic announcement of his release, and in acknowledging his former fault against the king, he was practising the courtly art of pleasing his master.
【창41:9 MHCC】God's time for the enlargement of his people is the fittest time. If the chief butler had got Joseph to be released from prison, it is probable he would have gone back to the land of the Hebrews. Then he had neither been so blessed himself, nor such a blessing to his family, as afterwards he proved. Joseph, when introduced to Pharaoh, gives honour to God. Pharaoh had dreamed that he stood upon the bank of the river Nile, and saw the kine, both the fat ones, and the lean ones, come out of the river. Egypt has no rain, but the plenty of the year depends upon the overflowing of the river Nile. See how many ways Providence has of dispensing its gifts; yet our dependence is still the same upon the First Cause, who makes every creature what it is to us, be it rain or river. See to what changes the comforts of this life are subject. We cannot be sure that to-morrow shall be as this day, or next year as this. We must learn how to want, as well as how to abound. Mark the goodness of God in sending the seven years of plenty before those of famine, that provision might be made. The produce of the earth is sometimes more, and sometimes less; yet, take one with another, he that gathers much, has nothing over; and he that gathers little, has no lack, 출16:18. And see the perishing nature of our worldly enjoyments. The great harvests of the years of plenty were quite lost, and swallowed up in the years of famine; and that which seemed very much, yet did but just serve to keep the people alive. There is bread which lasts to eternal life, which it is worth while to labour for. They that make the things of this world their good things, will find little pleasure in remembering that they have received them.
【창41:14 JFB】14. Then Pharaoh sent and called Joseph—Now that God's set time had come (시105:19), no human power nor policy could detain Joseph in prison. During his protracted confinement, he might have often been distressed with perplexing doubts; but the mystery of Providence was about to be cleared up, and all his sorrows forgotten in the course of honor and public usefulness in which his services were to be employed.
shaved himself—The Egyptians were the only Oriental nation that liked a smooth chin. All slaves and foreigners who were reduced to that condition, were obliged, on their arrival in that country, to conform to the cleanly habits of the natives, by shaving their beards and heads, the latter of which were covered with a close cap. Thus prepared, Joseph was conducted to the palace, where the king seemed to have been anxiously waiting his arrival.
【창41:15 JFB】15, 16. Pharaoh said, … I have dreamed a dream—The king's brief statement of the service required brought out the genuine piety of Joseph; disclaiming all merit, he ascribed whatever gifts or sagacity he possessed to the divine source of all wisdom, and he declared his own inability to penetrate futurity; but, at the same time, he expressed his confident persuasion that God would reveal what was necessary to be known.
【창41:17 JFB】17. Pharaoh said, In my dream, behold, I stood upon the bank of the river—The dreams were purely Egyptian, founded on the productions of that country and the experience of a native. The fertility of Egypt being wholly dependent on the Nile, the scene is laid on the banks of that river; and oxen being in the ancient hieroglyphics symbolical of the earth and of food, animals of that species were introduced in the first dream.
【창41:18 JFB】18. there came up out of the river seven kine—Cows now, of the buffalo kind, are seen daily plunging into the Nile; when their huge form is gradually emerging, they seem as if rising "out of the river."
and they fed in a meadow—Nile grass, the aquatic plants that grow on the marshy banks of that river, particularly the lotus kind, on which cattle were usually fattened.
【창41:19 JFB】19. behold, seven other kine … poor and ill-favoured—The cow being the emblem of fruitfulness, the different years of plenty and of famine were aptly represented by the different condition of those kine—the plenty, by the cattle feeding on the richest fodder; and the dearth, by the lean and famishing kine, which the pangs of hunger drove to act contrary to their nature.
【창41:22 JFB】22. I saw in my dream, and, behold, seven ears—that is, of Egyptian wheat, which, when "full and good," is remarkable in size (a single seed sprouting into seven, ten, or fourteen stalks) and each stalk bearing an ear.
【창41:23 JFB】23. blasted with the east wind—destructive everywhere to grain, but particularly so in Egypt; where, sweeping over the sandy deserts of Arabia, it comes in the character of a hot, blighting wind, that quickly withers all vegetation (compare 겔19:12; 호13:15).
【창41:24 JFB】24. the thin ears devoured the seven good ears—devoured is a different word from that used in 창41:4 and conveys the idea of destroying, by absorbing to themselves all the nutritious virtue of the soil around them.
【창41:25 JFB】창41:25-36. Joseph Interprets Pharaoh's Dreams.
25. Joseph said, … The dream … is one—They both pointed to the same event—a remarkable dispensation of seven years of unexampled abundance, to be followed by a similar period of unparalleled dearth. The repetition of the dream in two different forms was designed to show the absolute certainty and speedy arrival of this public crisis; the interpretation was accompanied by several suggestions of practical wisdom for meeting so great an emergency as was impending.
【창41:33 JFB】33. Now therefore let Pharaoh look out a man—The explanation given, when the key to the dreams was supplied, appears to have been satisfactory to the king and his courtiers; and we may suppose that much and anxious conversation arose, in the course of which Joseph might have been asked whether he had anything further to say. No doubt the providence of God provided the opportunity of his suggesting what was necessary.
【창41:33 MHCC】Joseph gave good advice to Pharaoh. Fair warning should always be followed by good counsel. God has in his word told us of a day of trial before us, when we shall need all the grace we can have. Now, therefore, provide accordingly. Pharaoh gave Joseph an honourable testimony. He is a man in whom the spirit of God is; and such men ought to be valued. Pharaoh puts upon Joseph marks of honour. He gave him such a name as spoke the value he had for him, Zaphnath-paaneah, “a revealer of secrets.” This preferment of Joseph encourages all to trust in God. Some translate Joseph's new name, “the saviour of the world.” The brightest glories, even of the upper world, are put upon Christ, the highest trust lodged in his hand, and all power given him, both in heaven and earth.
【창41:34 JFB】34. and let him appoint officers over the land—overseers, equivalent to the beys of modern Egypt.
take up the fifth part of the land—that is, of the land's produce, to be purchased and stored by the government, instead of being sold to foreign corn merchants.
【창41:37 JFB】창41:37-57. Joseph Made Ruler of Egypt.
【창41:38 JFB】38. Pharaoh said unto his servants—The kings of ancient Egypt were assisted in the management of state affairs by the advice of the most distinguished members of the priestly order; and, accordingly, before admitting Joseph to the new and extraordinary office that was to be created, those ministers were consulted as to the expediency and propriety of the appointment.
a man in whom the Spirit of God is—An acknowledgment of the being and power of the true God, though faint and feeble, continued to linger amongst the higher classes long after idolatry had come to prevail.
【창41:40 JFB】40. Thou shalt be over my house—This sudden change in the condition of a man who had just been taken out of prison could take place nowhere, except in Egypt. In ancient as well as modern times, slaves have often risen to be its rulers. But the special providence of God had determined to make Joseph governor of Egypt; and the way was paved for it by the deep and universal conviction produced in the minds both of the king and his councillors, that a divine spirit animated his mind and had given him such extraordinary knowledge.
according unto thy word shall all my people be ruled—literally, "kiss." This refers to the edict granting official power to Joseph, to be issued in the form of a firman, as in all Oriental countries; and all who should receive that order would kiss it, according to the usual Eastern mode of acknowledging obedience and respect for the sovereign [Wilkinson].
【창41:41 JFB】41. Pharaoh said, … See, I have set thee over all the land—These words were preliminary to investiture with the insignia of office, which were these: the signet-ring, used for signing public documents, and its impression was more valid than the sign-manual of the king; the khelaat or dress of honor, a coat of finely wrought linen, or rather cotton, worn only by the highest personages; the gold necklace, a badge of rank, the plain or ornamental form of it indicating the degree of rank and dignity; the privilege of riding in a state carriage, the second chariot; and lastly—
【창41:43 JFB】43. they cried before him, Bow the knee—abrech, an Egyptian term, not referring to prostration, but signifying, according to some, "father" (compare 창45:8); according to others, "native prince"—that is, proclaimed him naturalized, in order to remove all popular dislike to him as a foreigner.
【창41:44 JFB】44. These ceremonies of investiture were closed in usual form by the king in council solemnly ratifying the appointment.
I am Pharaoh, and without thee, &c.—a proverbial mode of expression for great power.
【창41:45 JFB】45. Zaphnath-paaneah—variously interpreted, "revealer of secrets"; "saviour of the land"; and from the hieroglyphics, "a wise man fleeing from pollution"—that is, adultery.
gave him to wife Asenath, the daughter of—His naturalization was completed by this alliance with a family of high distinction. On being founded by an Arab colony, Poti-pherah, like Jethro, priest of Midian, might be a worshipper of the true God; and thus Joseph, a pious man, will be freed from the charge of marrying an idolatress for worldly ends.
On—called Aven (겔30:17) and also Beth-shemesh (렘43:13). In looking at this profusion of honors heaped suddenly upon Joseph, it cannot be doubted that he would humbly yet thankfully acknowledge the hand of a special Providence in conducting him through all his checkered course to almost royal power; and we, who know more than Joseph did, cannot only see that his advancement was subservient to the most important purposes relative to the Church of God, but learn the great lesson that a Providence directs the minutest events of human life.
【창41:46 JFB】46. Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh—seventeen when brought into Egypt, probably three in prison, and thirteen in the service of Potiphar.
went out … all the land—made an immediate survey to determine the site and size of the storehouses required for the different quarters of the country.
【창41:46 MHCC】In the names of his two sons, Manasseh and Ephraim, Joseph owned the Divine providence. 1. He was made to forget his misery. 2. He was made fruitful in the land of his affliction. The seven plenteous years came, and were ended. We ought to look forward to the end of the days, both of our prosperity and of our opportunity. We must not be secure in prosperity, nor slothful in making good use of opportunity. Years of plenty will end; what thy hand finds to do, do it; and gather in gathering time. The dearth came, and the famine was not only in Egypt, but in other lands. Joseph was diligent in laying up, while the plenty lasted. He was prudent and careful in giving out, when the famine came. Joseph was engaged in useful and important labours. Yet it was in the midst of this his activity that his father Jacob said, Joseph is not! What a large portion of our troubles would be done away if we knew the whole truth! Let these events lead us to Jesus. There is a famine of the bread of life throughout the whole earth. Go to Jesus, and what he bids you, do. Attend to His voice, apply to him; he will open his treasures, and satisfy with goodness the hungry soul of every age and nation, without money and without price. But those who slight this provision must starve, and his enemies will be destroyed.
【창41:47 JFB】47. the earth brought forth by handfuls—a singular expression, alluding not only to the luxuriance of the crop, but the practice of the reapers grasping the ears, which alone were cut.
【창41:48 JFB】48. he gathered up all the food of the seven years—It gives a striking idea of the exuberant fertility of this land, that, from the superabundance of the seven plenteous years, corn enough was laid up for the subsistence, not only of its home population, but of the neighboring countries, during the seven years of dearth.
【창41:50 JFB】50-52. unto Joseph were born two sons—These domestic events, which increased his temporal happiness, develop the piety of his character in the names conferred upon his children.
【창41:53 JFB】53-56. The seven years of plenteousness … ended—Over and above the proportion purchased for the government during the years of plenty, the people could still have husbanded much for future use. But improvident as men commonly are in the time of prosperity, they found themselves in want, and would have starved by thousands had not Joseph anticipated and provided for the protracted calamity.
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