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■ 창세기 39장
1. 요셉이 이끌려 애굽에 내려가매 바로의 신하 시위대장 애굽사람 보디발이 그를 그리로 데려간 이스마엘 사람의 손에서 그를 사니라
And Joseph was brought down to Egypt ; and Potiphar , an officer of Pharaoh , captain of the guard , an Egyptian , bought him of the hands of the Ishmeelites , which had brought him down thither.
2. 여호와께서 요셉과 함께 하시므로 그가 형통한 자가 되어 그 주인 애굽 사람의 집에 있으니
And the Lord was with Joseph , and he was a prosperous man ; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian .
3. 그 주인이 여호와께서 그와 함께하심을 보며 또 여호와께서 그의 범사에 형통케 하심을 보았더라
And his master saw that the Lord was with him, and that the Lord made all that he did to prosper in his hand .
4. 요셉이 그 주인에게 은혜를 입어 섬기매 그가 요셉으로 가정 총무를 삼고 자기 소유를 다 그 손에 위임하니
And Joseph found grace in his sight , and he served him: and he made him overseer over his house , and all that he had he put into his hand .
5. 그가 요셉에게 자기 집과 그 모든 소유물을 주관하게 한 때부터 여호와께서 요셉을 위하여 그 애굽 사람의 집에 복을 내리시므로 여호와의 복이 그의 집과 밭에 있는 모든 소유에 미친지라
And it came to pass from the time that he had made him overseer in his house , and over all that he had , that the Lord blessed the Egyptian’s house for Joseph’s sake ; and the blessing of the Lord was upon all that he had in the house , and in the field .
6. 주인이 그 소유를 다 요셉의 손에 위임하고 자기 식료 외에는 간섭하지 아니하였더라 요셉은 용모가 준수하고 아담하였더라
And he left all that he had in Joseph’s hand ; and he knew not ought he had, save the bread which he did eat . And Joseph was a goodly person, and well favoured .
7. 그 후에 그 주인의 처가 요셉에게 눈짓하다가 동침하기를 청하니
And it came to pass after these things , that his master’s wife cast her eyes upon Joseph ; and she said , Lie with me.
8. 요셉이 거절하며 자기 주인의 처에게 이르되 나의 주인이 가중 제반 소유를 간섭지 아니하고 다 내 손에 위임하였으니
But he refused , and said unto his master’s wife , Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house , and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand ;
9. 이 집에는 나보다 큰 이가 없으며 주인이 아무 것도 내게 금하지 아니하였어도 금한 것은 당신뿐이니 당신은 자기 아내임이라 그런즉 내가 어찌 이 큰 악을 행하여 하나님께 득죄하리이까
There is none greater in this house than I; neither hath he kept back any thing from me but thee, because thou art his wife : how then can I do this great wickedness , and sin against God ?
10. 여인이 날마다 요셉에게 청하였으나 요셉이 듣지 아니하여 동침하지 아니할 뿐더러 함께 있지도 아니하니라
And it came to pass, as she spake to Joseph day by day , that he hearkened not unto her, to lie by her , or to be with her.
11. 그러할 때에 요셉이 시무하러 그 집에 들어갔더니 그 집 사람은 하나도 거기 없었더라
And it came to pass about this time , that Joseph went into the house to do his business ; and there was none of the men of the house there within.
12. 그 여인이 그 옷을 잡고 가로되 나와 동침하자 요셉이 자기 옷을 그 손에 버리고 도망하여 나가매
And she caught him by his garment , saying , Lie with me: and he left his garment in her hand , and fled , and got him out .
13. 그가 요셉이 그 옷을 자기 손에 버려두고 도망하여 나감을 보고
And it came to pass, when she saw that he had left his garment in her hand , and was fled forth ,
14. 집 사람들을 불러서 그들에게 이르되 보라 주인이 히브리 사람을 우리에게 데려다가 우리를 희롱하게 하도다 그가 나를 겁간코자 내게로 들어오기로 내가 크게 소리 질렀더니
That she called unto the men of her house , and spake unto them, saying , See , he hath brought in an Hebrew unto us to mock us; he came in unto me to lie with me, and I cried with a loud voice :
15. 그가 나의 소리질러 부름을 듣고 그 옷을 내게 버려두고 도망하여 나갔느니라 하고
And it came to pass, when he heard that I lifted up my voice and cried , that he left his garment with me , and fled , and got him out .
16. 그 옷을 곁에 두고 자기 주인이 집으로 돌아 오기를 기다려
And she laid up his garment by her , until his lord came home .
17. 이 말로 그에게 고하여 가로되 당신이 우리에게 데려온 히브리 종이 나를 희롱코자 내게로 들어왔기로
And she spake unto him according to these words , saying , The Hebrew servant , which thou hast brought unto us, came in unto me to mock me:
18. 내가 소리질러 불렀더니 그가 그 옷을 내게 버려두고 도망하여 나갔나이다
And it came to pass, as I lifted up my voice and cried , that he left his garment with me , and fled out .
19. 주인이 그 아내가 자기에게 고하기를 당신의 종이 내게 이같이 행하였다 하는 말을 듣고 심히 노한지라
And it came to pass, when his master heard the words of his wife , which she spake unto him, saying , After this manner did thy servant to me; that his wrath was kindled .
20. 이에 요셉의 주인이 그를 잡아 옥에 넣으니 그 옥은 왕의 죄수를 가두는 곳이었더라 요셉이 옥에 갇혔으나
And Joseph’s master took him, and put him into the prison , a place where the king’s prisoners were bound : and he was there in the prison .
21. 여호와께서 요셉과 함께 하시고 그에게 인자를 더하사 전옥에게 은혜를 받게 하시매
But the Lord was with Joseph , and shewed him mercy , and gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison .
22. 전옥이 옥중 죄수를 다 요셉의 손에 맡기므로 그 제반 사무를 요셉이 처리하고
And the keeper of the prison committed to Joseph’s hand all the prisoners that were in the prison ; and whatsoever they did there, he was the doer of it.
23. 전옥은 그의 손에 맡긴 것을 무엇이든지 돌아보지 아니하였으니 이는 여호와께서 요셉과 함께 하심이라 여호와께서 그의 범사에 형통케 하셨더라
The keeper of the prison looked not to any thing that was under his hand ; because the Lord was with him, and that which he did , the Lord made it to prosper .
■ 주석 보기
【창39:1 JFB】창39:1-23. Joseph in Potiphar's House.
1. Potiphar—This name, Potiphar, signifies one "devoted to the sun," the local deity of On or Heliopolis, a circumstance which fixes the place of his residence in the Delta, the district of Egypt bordering on Canaan.
officer—literally, "prince of the Pharoah"—that is, in the service of government.
captain of the guard—The import of the original term has been variously interpreted, some considering it means "chief cook," others, "chief inspector of plantations"; but that which seems best founded is "chief of the executioners," the same as the captain of the watch, the zabut of modern Egypt [Wilkinson].
bought him … of the Ishmaelites—The age, appearance, and intelligence of the Hebrew slave would soon cause him to be picked up in the market. But the unseen, unfelt influence of the great Disposer drew the attention of Potiphar towards him, in order that in the house of one so closely connected with the court, he might receive that previous training which was necessary for the high office he was destined to fill, and in the school of adversity learn the lessons of practical wisdom that were to be of greatest utility and importance in his future career. Thus it is that when God has any important work to be done, He always prepares fitting agents to accomplish it.
【창39:1 CWC】[JOSEPH'S HISTORY]
The general familiarity with these chapters warrants the grouping of them in one lesson, especially as there is little requiring explanation within our present scope.
1. Loved and Hated, 37.
It may seem foolish for Joseph to have made known his dreams to his brethren, and thus increase their enmity against him, but we should consider God's purpose in the matter, whether Joseph understood it or not. In the outcome it was important that they should know these dreams, which were really prophecies, in advance of their fulfillment for the sake of the moral effect upon them.
In this chapter it will be seen that the merchantmen are called both Ishmaelites and Midianites, both being in the company, perhaps, as their territories were contiguous in Arabia.
2. Sold Into Slavery, 39.
Note the faith and piety of Joseph as indicated in v. 9, in language unlike anything hitherto recorded of the patriarchs. Note too that according to v. 20 Potiphar must have doubted the truth of his wife's charge, or else he would probably have executed Joseph.
3. Falsely Imprisoned, 40.
This chapter is chiefly notable for the further evidence it gives of Joseph's intimate acquaintance with and faith in God, and the close dealings of God with him in the revelation of these things.
4. Exalted to the Throne, 41.
Note Pharaoh's testimony to Joseph's power with God (38), not that he himself knew the true God, but that he witnessed to the power Joseph had with the God he (Joseph) served. How does this incident in Joseph's life illustrate 딤전4:8, last clause?
The name given Joseph by Pharaoh merits attention notwithstanding the difficulty in its interpretation. The Revised Version spells it "Zaphenathpaneah," but it is not determined whether it is of Hebrew, Egyptian or Coptic derivation. If the first it may mean "Revealer of secrets"; if the second, "Bread of Life"; if the third, "Saviour of the world"; all bearing on the same thought and any of them both significant and appropriate.
5. Dealing with His Brethren, 42 to 44.
The details of these chapters show the purpose of Joseph to "multiply unlooked for events and complicate the situation for his brethren, both to awaken their conviction of wrongdoing in the past and an expectation of something still more mysterious, whether good or bad, in the future" - thus preparing them for the great revelation soon to be made.
In chapter 44:17, 18 the reference to the three days is important for its bearing on the death and resurrection of Christ. It will be well to note, for example, the vague way of the Hebrews in using the words. According to our usage, had Joseph's brethren been imprisoned three days it would not have been until the fourth day that he changed his plan, but instead of that they were shut up but two nights and the intermediate day, with parts of the first and third days. This was the time Jesus was in the grave, so that there is no more reason to accuse the Bible of inaccuracy or contradiction in the one case than in the other. (Studies in Genesis, in loco.)
6. Revealing Himself to His Brethren, 45.
Why was Pharaoh so pleased to have Jacob and his family settle in Egypt? To show appreciation of Joseph? Yes, and for other reasons. It was not merely three-score and six souls that constituted the whole encampment of Jacob, but between three and four thousand souls, if we count all their dependents, which was a valuable accession to any nation when we consider the character of the people.
And there may have been another reason still, if it be true that the reigning dynasty at this time was the Hyksos or Shepherd kings, i. e., Syrians or Asiatics who centuries before had invaded and seized upon the kingdom, and so were unpopular with the native races. It would be a great advantage to them to have so powerful an accession of Asiatics as Jacob's tribe represented, not only to increase their riches but to "give additional firmness to the throne against the discontent and disturbance of the native races."
7. Settling the Family in Goshen, 46 to 48.
Note the suitableness of Goshen as a place of settlement for the Israelites. In the first place, it afforded good pasturage and they were shepherds, but in some parts of it there was excellent tillage as well. In the next place, its location near the Isthmus of Suez, - made it easy to depart from later on when the necessity was so great. And last, but not least, it was a location where the least offense would be given to the native races, and there was reason for such offense because shepherds were held in abomination by them. Their subjugation by a shepherd race explains this in part, but there was another reason in that the Egyptians for religious reasons did not eat flesh. They worshipped the beasts which the Israelites ate and offered in sacrifice to God.
How long did Jacob live in Egypt (47:28)? What solemn promise did he extract from Joseph just prior to his death (29-31)? Do you think this expressed only the natural desire to be buried with his own people, or did it express faith in the divine promise that his seed should ultimately inherit Canaan?
【창39:1 MHCC】Our enemies may strip us of outward distinctions and ornaments; but wisdom and grace cannot be taken from us. They may separate us from friends, relatives, and country; but they cannot take from us the presence of the Lord. They may shut us from outward blessings, rob us of liberty, and confine us in dungeons; but they cannot shut us out from communion with God, from the throne of grace, or take from us the blessings of salvation. Joseph was blessed, wonderfully blessed, even in the house where he was a slave. God's presence with us, makes all we do prosperous. Good men are the blessings of the place where they live; good servants may be so, though mean and lightly esteemed. The prosperity of the wicked is, one way or other, for the sake of the godly. Here was a wicked family blessed for the sake of one good servant in it.
【창39:2 JFB】2. he was in the house of his master—Those slaves who had been war captives were generally sent to labor in the field and subjected to hard treatment under the "stick" of taskmasters. But those who were bought with money were employed in domestic purposes, were kindly treated, and enjoyed as much liberty as the same class does in modern Egypt.
【창39:3 JFB】3. his master saw that the Lord was with him—Though changed in condition, Joseph was not changed in spirit; though stripped of the gaudy coat that had adorned his person, he had not lost the moral graces that distinguished his character; though separated from his father on earth, he still lived in communion with his Father in heaven; though in the house of an idolater, he continued a worshipper of the true God.
【창39:5 JFB】5. the Lord blessed the Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake, &c.—It might be—it probably was—that a special, a miraculous blessing was poured out on a youth who so faithfully and zealously served God amid all the disadvantages of his place. But it may be useful to remark that such a blessing usually follows in the ordinary course of things; and the most worldly, unprincipled masters always admire and respect religion in a servant when they see that profession supported by conscientious principle and a consistent life.
made him overseer in his house—We do not know in what capacity Joseph entered into the service of Potiphar; but the observant eye of his master soon discovered his superior qualities and made him his chief, his confidential servant (compare 엡6:7; 골3:23). The advancement of domestic slaves is not uncommon, and it is considered a great disgrace not to raise one who has been a year or two in the family. But this extraordinary advancement of Joseph was the doing of the Lord, though on the part of Potiphar it was the consequence of observing the astonishing prosperity that attended him in all that he did.
【창39:7 JFB】7. his master's wife cast her eyes upon Joseph—Egyptian women were not kept in the same secluded manner as females are in most Oriental countries now. They were treated in a manner more worthy of a civilized people—in fact, enjoyed much freedom both at home and abroad. Hence Potiphar's wife had constant opportunity of meeting Joseph. But the ancient women of Egypt were very loose in their morals. Intrigues and intemperance were vices very prevalent among them, as the monuments too plainly attest [Wilkinson]. Potiphar's wife was probably not worse than many of the same rank, and her infamous advances made to Joseph arose from her superiority of station.
【창39:7 MHCC】Beauty either in men or women, often proves a snare both to themselves and others. This forbids pride in it, and requires constant watchfulness against the temptation that attends it. We have great need to make a covenant with our eyes, lest the eyes infect the heart. When lust has got power, decency, and reputation, and conscience, are all sacrificed. Potiphar's wife showed that her heart was fully set to do evil. Satan, when he found he could not overcome Joseph with the troubles and the frowns of the world, for in them he still held fast his principle, assaulted him with pleasures, which have ruined more than the former. But Joseph, by the grace of God, was enabled to resist and overcome this temptation; and his escape was as great an instance of the Divine power, as the deliverance of the three children out of the fiery furnace. This sin was one which might most easily beset him. The tempter was his mistress, one whose favour would help him forward; and it was at his utmost peril if he slighted her, and made her his enemy. The time and place favoured the temptation. To all this was added frequent, constant urging. The almighty grace of God enabled Joseph to overcome this assault of the enemy. He urges what he owed both to God and his master. We are bound in honour, as well as justice and gratitude, not in any thing to wrong those who place trust in us, how secretly soever it may be done. He would not offend his God. Three arguments Joseph urges upon himself. 1. He considers who he was that was tempted. One in covenant with God, who professed religion and relation to him. 2. What the sin was to which he was tempted. Others might look upon it as a small matter; but Joseph did not so think of it. Call sin by its own name, and never lessen it. Let sins of this nature always be looked upon as great wickedness, as exceedingly sinful. 3. Against whom he was tempted to sin, against God. Sin is against God, against his nature and his dominion, against his love and his design. Those that love God, for this reason hate sin. The grace of God enabled Joseph to overcome the temptation, by avoiding the temper. He would not stay to parley with the temptation, but fled from it, as escaping for his life. If we mean not to do iniquity, let us flee as a bird from the snare, and as a roe from the hunter.
【창39:9 JFB】9. How then can I do this great wickedness, and sin against God?—This remonstrance, when all inferior arguments had failed, embodied the true principle of moral purity—a principle always sufficient where it exists, and alone sufficient.
【창39:13 MHCC】Joseph's mistress, having tried in vain to make him a guilty man, endeavoured to be avenged on him. Those that have broken the bonds of modesty, will never be held by the bonds of truth. It is no new thing for the best of men to be falsely accused of the worst of crimes, by those who themselves are the worst of criminals. It is well there is a day of discovery coming, in which all shall appear in their true characters.
【창39:14 JFB】14. Then she called unto the men of her house—Disappointed and affronted, she vowed revenge and accused Joseph, first to the servants of the house, and on his return to her lord.
See, he hath brought in an Hebrew … to mock us—an affected and blind aspersion of her husband for keeping in his house an Hebrew, the very abomination of Egyptians.
【창39:19 MHCC】Joseph's master believed the accusation. Potiphar, it is likely, chose that prison, because it was the worst; but God designed to open the way to Joseph's honour. Joseph was owned and righted by his God. He was away from all his friends and relations; he had none to help or comfort him; but the Lord was with Joseph, and showed him mercy. Those that have a good conscience in a prison, have a good God there. God gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison; he trusted him to manage the affairs of the prison. A good man will do good wherever he is, and will be a blessing even in bonds and banishment. Let us not forget, through Joseph, to look unto Jesus, who suffered being tempted, yet without sin; who was slandered, and persecuted, and imprisoned, but without cause; who by the cross ascended to the throne. May we be enabled to follow the same path in submitting and in suffering, to the same place of glory.
【창39:20 JFB】20. Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison—the roundhouse, from the form of its construction, usually attached to the dwelling of such an officer as Potiphar. It was partly a subterranean dungeon (창41:14), though the brick-built walls rose considerably above the surface of the ground, and were surmounted by a vaulted roof somewhat in the form of an inverted bowl. Into such a dungeon Potiphar, in the first ebullition of rage, threw Joseph and ordered him to be subjected further to as great harshness of treatment (시105:18) as he dared; for the power of masters over their slaves was very properly restrained by law, and the murder of a slave was a capital crime.
a place where the king's prisoners were bound—Though prisons seem to have been an inseparable appendage of the palaces, this was not a common jail—it was the receptacle of state criminals; and, therefore, it may be presumed that more than ordinary strictness and vigilance were exercised over the prisoners. In general, however, the Egyptian, like other Oriental prisons, were used solely for the purposes of detention. Accused persons were cast into them until the charges against them could be investigated; and though the jailer was responsible for the appearance of those placed under his custody, yet, provided they were produced when called, he was never interrogated as to the way in which he had kept them.
【창39:21 JFB】21-23. The Lord … gave him favour in the sight of the keeper of the prison, &c.—It is highly probable, from the situation of this prison (창40:3), that the keeper might have been previously acquainted with Joseph and have had access to know his innocence of the crime laid to his charge, as well as with all the high integrity of his character. That may partly account for his showing so much kindness and confidence to his prisoner. But there was a higher influence at work; for "the Lord was with Joseph, and that which he did, the Lord made it to prosper."
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.