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■ 창세기 23장
1. 사라가 일백이십칠 세를 살았으니 이것이 곧 사라의 향년이라
And Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old : these were the years of the life of Sarah .
2. 사라가 가나안 땅 헤브론 곧 기럇아르바에서 죽으매 아브라함이 들어가서 사라를 위하여 슬퍼하며 애통하다가
And Sarah died in Kirjath–arba ; the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan : and Abraham came to mourn for Sarah , and to weep for her.
3. 그 시체 앞에서 일어나 나가서 헷족속에게 말하여 가로되
And Abraham stood up from before his dead , and spake unto the sons of Heth , saying ,
4. 나는 당신들 중에 나그네요 우거한 자니 청컨대 당신들 중에서 내게 매장지를 주어 소유를 삼아 나로 내 죽은 자를 내어 장사하게 하시오
I am a stranger and a sojourner with you: give me a possession of a buryingplace with you, that I may bury my dead out of my sight .
5. 헷 족속이 아브라함에게 대답하여 가로되
And the children of Heth answered Abraham , saying unto him,
6. 내 주여 들으소서 당신은 우리 중 하나님의 방백이시니 우리 묘실 중에서 좋은 것을 택하여 당신의 죽은 자를 장사하소서 우리 중에서 자기 묘실에 당신의 죽은 자 장사함을 금할 자가 없으리이다
Hear us , my lord : thou art a mighty prince among us : in the choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead ; none of us shall withhold from thee his sepulchre , but that thou mayest bury thy dead .
7. 아브라함이 일어나 그 땅 거민 헷 족속을 향하여 몸을 굽히고
And Abraham stood up , and bowed himself to the people of the land , even to the children of Heth .
8. 그들에게 말하여 가로되 나로 나의 죽은 자를 내어 장사하게 하는 일이 당신들의 뜻일진대 내 말을 듣고 나를 위하여 소할의 아들 에브론에게 구하여
And he communed with them, saying , If it be your mind that I should bury my dead out of my sight ; hear me, and intreat for me to Ephron the son of Zohar ,
9. 그로 그 밭머리에 있는 막벨라 굴을 내게 주게 하되 준가를 받고 그 굴을 내게 주어서 당신들 중에 내 소유 매장지가 되게하기를 원하노라
That he may give me the cave of Machpelah , which he hath, which is in the end of his field ; for as much money as it is worth he shall give it me for a possession of a buryingplace amongst you .
10. 때에 에브론이 헷 족속 중에 앉았더니 그가 헷 족속 곧 성문에 들어온 모든 자의 듣는데 아브라함에게 대답하여 가로되
And Ephron dwelt among the children of Heth : and Ephron the Hittite answered Abraham in the audience of the children of Heth , even of all that went in at the gate of his city , saying ,
11. 내 주여 그리 마시고 내 말을 들으소서 내가 그 밭을 당신께 드리고 그 속의 굴도 내가 당신께 드리되 내가 내 동족 앞에서 당신께 드리오니 당신의 죽은 자를 장사하소서
Nay , my lord , hear me : the field give I thee, and the cave that is therein, I give it thee; in the presence of the sons of my people give I it thee: bury thy dead .
12. 아브라함이 이에 그 땅 백성을 대하여 몸을 굽히고
And Abraham bowed down himself before the people of the land .
13. 그 땅 백성의 듣는데 에브론에게 말하여 가로되 당신이 합당히 여기면 청컨대 내 말을 들으시오 내가 그 밭값을 당신에게 주리니 당신은 내게서 받으시오 내가 나의 죽은 자를 거기 장사하겠노라
And he spake unto Ephron in the audience of the people of the land , saying , But if thou wilt give it, I pray thee , hear me: I will give thee money for the field ; take it of me, and I will bury my dead there.
14. 에브론이 아브라함에게 대답하여 가로되
And Ephron answered Abraham , saying unto him,
15. 내 주여 내게 들으소서 땅값은 은 사백 세겔이나 나와 당신 사이에 어찌 교계하리이까 당신의 죽은 자를 장사하소서
My lord , hearken unto me: the land is worth four hundred shekels of silver ; what is that betwixt me and thee? bury therefore thy dead .
16. 아브라함이 에브론의 말을 좇아 에브론이 헷 족속의 듣는데서 말한 대로 상고의 통용하는 은 사백 세겔을 달아 에브론에게 주었더니
And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron ; and Abraham weighed to Ephron the silver , which he had named in the audience of the sons of Heth , four hundred shekels of silver , current money with the merchant .
17. 마므레 앞 막벨라에 있는 에브론의 밭을 바꾸어 그 속의 굴과 그 사방에 둘린 수목을 다
And the field of Ephron , which was in Machpelah , which was before Mamre , the field , and the cave which was therein, and all the trees that were in the field , that were in all the borders round about , were made sure
18. 성문에 들어온 헷 족속 앞에서 아브라함의 소유로 정한지라
Unto Abraham for a possession in the presence of the children of Heth , before all that went in at the gate of his city .
19. 그 후에 아브라함이 그 아내 사라를 가나안 땅 마므레 앞 막벨라 밭 굴에 장사하였더라(마므레는 곧 헤브론이라)
And after this , Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the cave of the field of Machpelah before Mamre : the same is Hebron in the land of Canaan .
20. 이와 같이 그 밭과 그 속의 굴을 헷 족속이 아브라함 소유 매장지로 정하였더라
And the field , and the cave that is therein, were made sure unto Abraham for a possession of a buryingplace by the sons of Heth .
■ 주석 보기
【창23:1 JFB】창23:1, 2. Age and Death of Sarah.
1. Sarah was an hundred and seven and twenty years old, &c.—Sarah is the only woman in Scripture whose age, death, and burial are mentioned, probably to do honor to the venerable mother of the Hebrew people.
【창23:1 CWC】[FROM THE BIRTH OF ISAAC TO THE DEATH OF SARAH]
1. The Bondwoman and Her Son, 21.
There is little requiring explanation in this chapter, but verses 9-13 should not be passed without a look at 갈4:21-31. Christians are the spiritual seed of Abraham, and those who would supplement faith in Christ by the works of the law are the children of the bondwoman, who have no place with the children of the promise.
God, however, is not unmindful of Hagar and Ishmael, nor of His promise to Abraham concerning the latter. Although the blessing on the nation is not to flow down through them, yet they are not precluded from partaking of it when it comes. Abraham, there can be little doubt, followed the steps of Ishmael with deep interest, although at the moment appearances are not that way. He was probably included in the gifts spoken of at 25:6, while his presence at his father's obsequies (25:9) shows that the bond of affection between them was not broken.
We know little of Ishmael's subsequent life except that gathered f롬25:12-18, but the presumption is that he afterward abandoned the religion of his father, since his descendants preserved no trace of it except the rite of circumcision.
2. Abraham's Hardest Test, 22.
The shock communicated to Abraham by this command may have been qualified by the fact that the sacrifice of human beings, and even one's own children, was not unknown to heathenism; but this could not have explained his patient obedience had it not been for that faith mentioned in 히11:17-19. He knew that God's honor and faithfulness were involved in the preservation or renewal of the life of Isaac, and reposed confidently in that fact. Indeed, there is reason to believe from verse 8 that he foresaw the very means by which God would interpose for his son.
That verse is a beautiful foreshadowing of the substitutionary work of Christ. Transpose the emphasis, and we learn (1) that God is the source or originator of our salvation through Christ -- "God will Himself provide a lamb"; (2) that God had as much necessity for Christ as we, on the supposition that He purposed to redeem us -- "God will provide Himself a lamb"; (3) that God is the provision as well as the provider -- "God will provide Himself," i. e., He is the lamb!
Note two or three other interesting things: (1) that Solomon built the temple to Jehovah on Mt. Moriah (대하3:1), and that the eternal Father afterward sacrificed His only begotten Son in the same place; (2) this circumstance of the sacrifice of the Son of God for the sins of men silences the charge of infidelity that it was barbarous for God to command Abraham to sacrifice Isaac. If it was not barbarous for God to sacrifice Christ, neither was it barbarous that it should have been prefigured in the history of Abraham; (3) Isaac himself becomes a notable type of Christ, especially in the meek and submissive spirit shown throughout, and when we remember that although called a "lad" he was presumably 25 years old at this time (compare here 요10:18).
What new name of God is suggested by this event (14)? This means "Jehovah will see" or "Jehovah will provide." How does God now further confirm His promise and covenant (16)? Note the marginal references to 시105:9, 눅1:73, 히6:13, 14. What additional promise or prediction is now added to the original one (17)? The "gate" of ancient cities being the strongest part of the wall and the most stoutly defended, to possess it was to possess the city itself.
Do not pass this lesson without observing how Abraham showed his faith by his works (Jam에2:21-24). "All our righteousnesses are as filthy rags (사64:6) as a ground of merit before God, but as the fruit of our faith obedience is of great price. Abraham's faith without the works of obedience would have been a lie, while his work without faith would, in this case, have been a sin. The virtue of this act consisted in the fact that he obeyed God."
3. The Cave of Machpelah, 23.
That Sarah should have died not in Beersheba but in Hebron, and that Abraham should have "come" to mourn for her, are facts which the record nowhere explains; but the chapter affords an insight into the customs of the orientals of this period. For "the children of Heth" compa계10:15, etc. It will be seen by verse 10 that these people were the Hittites whom Joshua
(1:4) mentions as occupying a great territory in that day, of whom the Egyptian and Assyrian monuments speak as a cultured and powerful nation of antiquity, although until recently critics were disposed to say that they never existed because secular history had lost sight of them.
Let it not be supposed, however, that the courteous formality of this occasion meant that Ephron intended to give Abraham the field for nothing. It was the oriental way of raising the price, so that in the end Abraham paid many times its value. Four hundred shekels of silver were equal to about $240 of our money, the value of which at that time would be five or ten times as much.
【창23:1 MHCC】The longest life must shortly come to a close. Blessed be God that there is a world where sin, death, vanity, and vexation cannot enter. Blessed be his name, that even death cannot part believers from union with Christ. Those whom we most love, yea, even our own bodies, which we so care for, must soon become loathsome lumps of clays, and be buried out of sight. How loose then should we be to all earthly attachments and adornments! Let us seek rather that our souls be adorned with heavenly graces. Abraham rendered honour and respect to the princes of Heth, although of the ungodly Canaanites. The religion of the Bible enjoins to pay due respect to all in authority, without flattering their persons, or countenancing their crimes if they are unworthy characters. And the noble generosity of these Canaanites shames and condemns the closeness, selfishness, and ill-humour of many that call themselves Israelites. It was not in pride that Abraham refused the gift, because he scorned to be beholden to Ephron; but in justice and in prudence. Abraham was able to pay for the field, and therefore would not take advantage of Ephron's generosity. Honesty, as well as honour, forbids us to take advantage of our neighbour's liberality, and to impose, upon those who give freely.
【창23:2 JFB】2. Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, &c.—He came from his own tent to take his station at the door of Sarah's. The "mourning" describes his conformity to the customary usage of sitting on the ground for a time; while the "weeping" indicates the natural outburst of his sorrow.
【창23:3 JFB】창23:3-20. Purchase of a Burying-Place.
3. Abraham stood up, &c.—Eastern people are always provided with family burying-places; but Abraham's life of faith—his pilgrim state—had prevented him acquiring even so small a possession (행7:5).
spake unto the sons of Heth—He bespoke their kind offices to aid him in obtaining possession of a cave that belonged to Ephron—a wealthy neighbor.
【창23:9 JFB】9. Machpelah—the "double cave."
【창23:10 JFB】10. Ephron dwelt—literally, was "sitting" among the children of Heth in the gate of the city where all business was transacted. But, though a chief man among them, he was probably unknown to Abraham.
【창23:11 JFB】11-15. Ephron answered, Nay, my lord, &c.—Here is a great show of generosity, but it was only a show; for while Abraham wanted only the cave, he joins "the field and the cave"; and though he offered them both as free gifts, he, of course, expected some costly presents in return, without which, he would not have been satisfied. The patriarch, knowing this, wished to make a purchase and asked the terms.
【창23:14 MHCC】Prudence, as well as justice, directs us to be fair and open in our dealings; cheating bargains will not bear the light. Abraham, without fraud or delay, pays the money. He pays it at once in full, without keeping any part back; and by weight, current money with the merchant, without deceit. See how anciently money was used for the help of trade, and how honestly it should be paid when it is due. Though all the land of Canaan was Abraham by promise, yet the time of his possessing it not being come, what he had occasion for he bought and paid for. Dominion is not founded in grace. The saints' title to an eternal inheritance does not entitle them to the possessions of this world, nor justify them in doing wrong. Ephron honestly and fairly makes a good title to the land. As that which is bought, must be honestly paid for, so that which is sold, must be honestly delivered and secured. Let us manage our concerns with punctuality and exactness, in order to avoid contention. Abraham buried Sarah in cave. or vault, which was in the purchased field. It would tend to endear the land to his posterity. And it is worth noting, that a burying-place was the only piece of the land which Abraham possessed in Canaan. Those who have least of this earth, find a grave in it. This sepulchre was at the end of the field; whatever our possessions are, there is a burial-place at the end of them. It was a token of his belief and expectation of the resurrection. Abraham is contented to be still a pilgrim while he lives, but secures a place where, when he dies, his flesh may rest in hope. After all, the chief concern is, with whom we shall rise.
【창23:15 JFB】15. the land is worth four hundred shekels, &c.—as if Ephron had said, "Since you wish to know the value of the property, it is so and so; but that is a trifle, which you may pay or not as it suits you." They spoke in the common forms of Arab civility, and this indifference was mere affectation.
【창23:16 JFB】16. Abraham weighed … the silver—The money, amounting to £50 was paid in presence of the assembled witnesses; and it was weighed. The practice of weighing money, which is often in lumps or rings, each stamped with their weight, is still common in many parts of the East; and every merchant at the gates or the bazaar has his scales at his girdle.
【창23:19 JFB】19. Abraham buried Sarah—Thus he got possession of Machpelah and deposited the remains of his lamented partner in a family vault which was the only spot of ground he owned.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.