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■ 전도서 9장
1. 내가 마음을 다하여 이 모든 일을 궁구하며 살펴본즉 의인과 지혜자나 그들의 행하는 일이나 다 하나님의 손에 있으니 사랑을 받을는지 미움을 받을는지 사람이 알지 못하는 것은 모두 그 미래임이니라
For all this I considered in my heart even to declare all this, that the righteous , and the wise , and their works , are in the hand of God : no man knoweth either love or hatred by all that is before them.
2. 모든 사람에게 임하는 모든 것이 일반이라 의인과 악인이며 선하고 깨끗한 자와 깨끗지 않은 자며 제사를 드리는 자와 제사를 드리지 아니하는 자의 결국이 일반이니 선인과 죄인이며 맹세하는 자와 맹세하기를 무서워하는 자가 일반이로다
All things come alike to all: there is one event to the righteous , and to the wicked ; to the good and to the clean , and to the unclean ; to him that sacrificeth , and to him that sacrificeth not: as is the good , so is the sinner ; and he that sweareth , as he that feareth an oath .
3. 모든 사람의 결국이 일반인 그것은 해 아래서 모든 일 중에 악한 것이니 곧 인생의 마음에 악이 가득하여 평생에 미친 마음을 품다가 후에는 죽은 자에게로 돌아가는 것이라
This is an evil among all things that are done under the sun , that there is one event unto all: yea, also the heart of the sons of men is full of evil , and madness is in their heart while they live , and after that they go to the dead .
4. 모든 산 자 중에 참예한 자가 소망이 있음은 산 개가 죽은 사자보다 나음이니라
For to him that is joined to all the living there is hope : for a living dog is better than a dead lion .
5. 무릇 산 자는 죽을 줄을 알되 죽은 자는 아무 것도 모르며 다시는 상도 받지 못하는 것은 그 이름이 잊어버린 바 됨이라
For the living know that they shall die : but the dead know not any thing , neither have they any more a reward ; for the memory of them is forgotten .
6. 그 사랑함과 미워함과 시기함이 없어진 지 오래니 해 아래서 행하는 모든 일에 저희가 다시는 영영히 분복이 없느니라
Also their love , and their hatred , and their envy , is now perished ; neither have they any more a portion for ever in any thing that is done under the sun .
7. 너는 가서 기쁨으로 네 식물을 먹고 즐거운 마음으로 네 포도주를 마실지어다 이는 하나님이 너의 하는 일을 벌써 기쁘게 받으셨음이니라
Go thy way , eat thy bread with joy , and drink thy wine with a merry heart ; for God now accepteth thy works .
8. 네 의복을 항상 희게 하며 네 머리에 향 기름을 그치지 않게 할지니라
Let thy garments be always white ; and let thy head lack no ointment .
9. 네 헛된 평생의 모든 날 곧 하나님이 해 아래서 네게 주신 모든 헛된 날에 사랑하는 아내와 함께 즐겁게 살지어다 이는 네가 일평생에 해 아래서 수고하고 얻은 분복이니라
Live joyfully with the wife whom thou lovest all the days of the life of thy vanity , which he hath given thee under the sun , all the days of thy vanity : for that is thy portion in this life , and in thy labour which thou takest under the sun .
10. 무릇 네 손이 일을 당하는 대로 힘을 다하여 할지어다 네가 장차 들어갈 음부에는 일도 없고 계획도 없고 지식도 없고 지혜도 없음이니라
Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do , do it with thy might ; for there is no work , nor device , nor knowledge , nor wisdom , in the grave , whither thou goest .
11. 내가 돌이켜 해 아래서 보니 빠른 경주자라고 선착하는 것이 아니며 유력자라고 전쟁에 승리하는 것이 아니며 지혜자라고 식물을 얻는 것이 아니며 명철자라고 재물을 얻는 것이 아니며 기능자라고 은총을 입는 것이 아니니 이는 시기와 우연이 이 모든 자에게 임함이라
I returned , and saw under the sun , that the race is not to the swift , nor the battle to the strong , neither yet bread to the wise , nor yet riches to men of understanding , nor yet favour to men of skill ; but time and chance happeneth to them all.
12. 대저 사람은 자기의 시기를 알지 못하나니 물고기가 재앙의 그물에 걸리고 새가 올무에 걸림 같이 인생도 재앙의 날이 홀연히 임하면 거기 걸리느니라
For man also knoweth not his time : as the fishes that are taken in an evil net , and as the birds that are caught in the snare ; so are the sons of men snared in an evil time , when it falleth suddenly upon them.
13. 내가 또 해 아래서 지혜를 보고 크게 여긴 것이 이러하니
This wisdom have I seen also under the sun , and it seemed great unto me:
14. 곧 어떤 작고 인구가 많지 않은 성읍에 큰 임금이 와서 에워싸고 큰 흉벽을 쌓고 치고자 할 때에
There was a little city , and few men within it; and there came a great king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it:
15. 그 성읍 가운데 가난한 지혜자가 있어서 그 지혜로 그 성읍을 건진 것이라 그러나 이 가난한 자를 기억하는 사람이 없었도다
Now there was found in it a poor wise man , and he by his wisdom delivered the city ; yet no man remembered that same poor man .
16. 그러므로 내가 이르기를 지혜가 힘보다 낫다마는 가난한 자의 지혜가 멸시를 받고 그 말이 신청되지 아니한다 하였노라
Then said I, Wisdom is better than strength : nevertheless the poor man’s wisdom is despised , and his words are not heard .
17. 종용히 들리는 지혜자의 말이 우매자의 어른의 호령보다 나으니라
The words of wise men are heard in quiet more than the cry of him that ruleth among fools .
18. 지혜가 병기보다 나으니라 그러나 한 죄인이 많은 선을 패궤케 하느니라
Wisdom is better than weapons of war : but one sinner destroyeth much good .
■ 주석 보기
【전9:1 JFB】전9:1-18.
1. declare—rather, explore; the result of my exploring is this, that "the righteous, &c., are in the hand of God. No man knoweth either the love or hatred (of God to them) by all that is before them," that is, by what is outwardly seen in His present dealings (전8:14, 17). However, from the sense of the same words, in 전9:6, "love and hatred" seem to be the feelings of the wicked towards the righteous, whereby they caused to the latter comfort or sorrow. Translate: "Even the love and hatred" (exhibited towards the righteous, are in God's hand) (시76:10; 잠16:7). "No man knoweth all that is before them."
【전9:1 CWC】The interval between this chapter and the preceding represents a pause in the writer's thought, and now he seems to "set out on a new quest for the chief good" in life. He will seek it in wise conduct. He will renounce feasting and trying the opposite (7:1-6); he will avoid extremes (7:15-18); no one is perfectly righteous (7:19-22); the worst thing he has found is woman (7:23-26) ; the conclusion is that man is indeed a fallen creature (7:27-29). "Inventions" in this last verse is to be taken in the sense of "tricks, evil artifices, and conceits."
The wise conduct which the preacher now proposes is to be exercised against temptations to disloyalty and rebellion in national and civic relations (8:1-8); and against the oppressions of tyrants and other injustices (8:9-13); and yet after considering it all, in his accustomed despair he reports to his favorite conclusion that there is "nothing in it," and he had better enjoy himself anyway (8:14-17).
This idea is carried over into chapter nine. The providence of God in human affairs is inscrutable (vv. 1-3), therefore the only thing to do is to enjoy this life cheerfully, and use it as profitably as possible (vv. 7-12).
【전9:1 MHCC】 Good and bad men fare alike as to this world. (Eccl. 9:1-3) All men must die, Their portion as to this life. (Eccl. 9:4-10) Disappointments common. (Eccl. 9:11,12) Benefits of wisdom. (Eccl. 9:13-18)
Eccl. 9:1-3 We are not to think our searching into the word or works of God useless, because we cannot explain all difficulties. We may learn many things good for ourselves and useful to others. But man cannot always decide who are objects of God's special love, or under his wrath; and God will certainly put a difference between the precious and the vile, in the other world. The difference as to present happiness, arises from the inward supports and consolations the righteous enjoy, and the benefit they derive from varied trials and mercies. As far as the sons of men are left to themselves, their hearts are full of evil; and prosperity in sin, causes them even to set God at defiance by daring wickedness. Though, on this side death, the righteous and the wicked may often seem to fare alike, on the other side there will be a vast difference between them.
Eccl. 9:4-10 The most despicable living man's state, is preferable to that of the most noble who have died impenitent. Solomon exhorts the wise and pious to cheerful confidence in God, whatever their condition in life. The meanest morsel, coming from their Father's love, in answer to prayer, will have a peculiar relish. Not that we may set our hearts upon the delights of sense, but what God has given us we may use with wisdom. The joy here described, is the gladness of heart that springs from a sense of the Divine favour. This is the world of service, that to come is the world of recompence. All in their stations, may find some work to do. And above all, sinners have the salvation of their souls to seek after, believers have to prove their faith, adorn the gospel, glorify God, and serve their generation.
Eccl. 9:11,12 Men's success seldom equals their expectations. We must use means, but not trust to them: if we succeed, we must give God the praise; if crossed, we must submit to his will. Those who put off the great concerns of their souls, are caught in Satan's net, which he baits with some worldly object, for which they reject or neglect the gospel, and go on in sin till they suddenly fall into destruction.
Eccl. 9:13-18 A man may, by his wisdom, bring to pass that which he could never do by his strength. If God be for us, who can be against us, or stand before us? Solomon observes the power of wisdom, though it may labour under outward disadvantages. How forcible are right words! But wise and good men must often content themselves with the satisfaction of having done good, or, at least, endeavoured to do it, when they cannot do the good they would, nor have the praise they should. How many of the good gifts, both of nature and Providence, does one sinner destroy and make waste! He who destroys his own soul destroys much good. One sinner may draw many into his destroying ways. See who are the friends and enemies of a kingdom or a family, if one saint does much good, and one sinner destroys much good.
【전9:2 JFB】2. All things … alike—not universally; but as to death.전9:2-10 are made by Holden the objection of a skeptical sensualist. However, they may be explained as Solomon's language. He repeats the sentiment already implied in 전2:14; 3:20; 8:14.
one event—not eternally; but death is common to all.
good—morally.
clean—ceremonially.
sacrificeth—alike to Josiah who sacrificed to God, and to Ahab who made sacrifice to Him cease.
sweareth—rashly and falsely.
【전9:3 JFB】3. Translate, "There is an evil above all (evils) that are done," &c., namely, that not only "there is one event to all," but "also the heart of the sons of men" makes this fact a reason for "madly" persisting in "evil while they live, and after that," &c., sin is "madness."
the dead—(잠2:18; 9:18).
【전9:4 JFB】4. For—rather, "Nevertheless." English Version rightly reads as the Margin, Hebrew, "that is joined," instead of the text, "who is to be chosen?"
hope—not of mere temporal good (욥14:7); but of yet repenting and being saved.
dog—metaphor for the vilest persons (삼상24:14).
lion—the noblest of animals (잠30:30).
better—as to hope of salvation; the noblest who die unconverted have no hope; the vilest, so long as they have life, have hope.
【전9:5 JFB】5. know that they shall die—and may thereby be led "so to number their days, that they may apply their hearts to wisdom" (전7:1-4; 시90:12).
dead know not anything—that is, so far as their bodily senses and worldly affairs are concerned (욥14:21; 사63:16); also, they know no door of repentance open to them, such as is to all on earth.
neither … reward—no advantage from their worldly labors (전2:18-22; 4:9).
memory—not of the righteous (시112:6; 말3:16), but the wicked, who with all the pains to perpetuate their names (시49:11) are soon "forgotten" (전8:10).
【전9:6 JFB】6. love, and … hatred, &c.—(referring to 전9:1; see on 전9:1). Not that these cease in a future world absolutely (겔32:27; 계22:11); but as the end of this verse shows, relatively to persons and things in this world. Man's love and hatred can no longer be exercised for good or evil in the same way as here; but the fruits of them remain. What he is at death he remains for ever. "Envy," too, marks the wicked as referred to, since it was therewith that they assailed the righteous (see on 전9:1).
portion—Their "portion" was "in this life" (시17:14), that they now "cannot have any more."
【전9:7 JFB】7. Addressed to the "righteous wise," spoken of in 전9:1. Being "in the hand of God," who now accepteth "thy works" in His service, as He has previously accepted thy person (창4:4), thou mayest "eat … with a cheerful (not sensually 'merry') heart" (전3:13; 5:18; 행2:46).
【전9:8 JFB】8. white—in token of joy (사61:3). Solomon was clad in white (Josephus, Antiquities, 8:7,3); hence his attire is compared to the "lilies" (마6:29), typical of the spotless righteousness of Jesus Christ, which the redeemed shall wear (계3:18; 7:14).
ointment—(시23:5), opposed to a gloomy exterior (삼하14:2; 시45:7; 마6:17); typical, also (전7:1; 아1:3).
【전9:9 JFB】9. wife … lovest—godly and true love, opposed to the "snares" of the "thousand" concubines (전7:26, 28), "among" whom Solomon could not find the true love which joins one man to one woman (잠5:15, 18, 19; 18:22; 19:14).
【전9:10 JFB】10. Whatsoever—namely, in the service of God. This and last verse plainly are the language of Solomon, not of a skeptic, as Holden would explain it.
hand, &c.—(레12:8, Margin;삼상10:7, Margin).
thy might—diligence (신6:5; 렘48:10, Margin).
no work … in the grave—(요9:4; 계14:13). "The soul's play-day is Satan's work-day; the idler the man the busier the tempter" [South].
【전9:11 JFB】11. This verse qualifies the sentiment, 전9:7-9. Earthly "enjoyments," however lawful in their place (전3:1), are to give way when any work to be done for God requires it. Reverting to the sentiment (전8:17), we ought, therefore, not only to work God's work "with might" (전9:10), but also with the feeling that the event is wholly "in God's hand" (전9:1).
race … not to the swift—(삼하18:23); spiritually (습3:19; 롬9:16).
nor … battle to … strong—(삼상17:47; 대하14:9, 11, 15; 시33:16).
bread—livelihood.
favour—of the great.
chance—seemingly, really Providence. But as man cannot "find it out" (전3:11), he needs "with all might" to use opportunities. Duties are ours; events, God's.
【전9:12 JFB】12. his time—namely, of death (전7:15; 사13:22). Hence the danger of delay in doing the work of God, as one knows not when his opportunity will end (전9:10).
evil net—fatal to them. The unexpected suddenness of the capture is the point of comparison. So the second coming of Jesus Christ, "as a snare" (Lu 21:35).
evil time—as an "evil net," fatal to them.
【전9:13 JFB】13. Rather, "I have seen wisdom of this kind also," that is, exhibited in the way which is described in what follows [Maurer].
【전9:14 JFB】14, 15. (삼하20:16-22).
bulwarks—military works of besiegers.
【전9:15 JFB】15. poor—as to the temporal advantages of true wisdom, though it often saves others. It receives little reward from the world, which admires none save the rich and great.
no man remembered—(창40:23).
【전9:16 JFB】16. Resuming the sentiment (전7:19; 잠21:22; 24:5).
poor man's wisdom is despised—not the poor man mentioned in 전9:15; for his wisdom could not have saved the city, had "his words not been heard"; but poor men in general. So Paul (행27:11).
【전9:17 JFB】17. The words of wise, &c.—Though generally the poor wise man is not heard (전9:16), yet "the words of wise men, when heard in quiet (when calmly given heed to, as in 전9:15), are more serviceable than," &c.
ruleth—as the "great king" (전9:14). Solomon reverts to "the rulers to their own hurt" (전8:9).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.