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■ 전도서 3장
1. 천하에 범사가 기한이 있고 모든 목적이 이룰 때가 있나니
To every thing there is a season , and a time to every purpose under the heaven :
2. 날 때가 있고 죽을 때가 있으며 심을 때가 있고 심은 것을 뽑을 때가 있으며
A time to be born , and a time to die ; a time to plant , and a time to pluck up that which is planted ;
3. 죽일 때가 있고 치료시킬 때가 있으며 헐 때가 있고 세울 때가 있으며
A time to kill , and a time to heal ; a time to break down , and a time to build up ;
4. 울 때가 있고 웃을 때가 있으며 슬퍼할 때가 있고 춤출 때가 있으며
A time to weep , and a time to laugh ; a time to mourn , and a time to dance ;
5. 돌을 던져 버릴 때가 있고 돌을 거둘 때가 있으며 안을 때가 있고 안는 일을 멀리 할 때가 있으며
A time to cast away stones , and a time to gather stones together ; a time to embrace , and a time to refrain from embracing ;
6. 찾을 때가 있고 잃을 때가 있으며 지킬 때가 있고 버릴 때가 있으며
A time to get , and a time to lose ; a time to keep , and a time to cast away ;
7. 찢을 때가 있고 꿰멜 때가 있으며 잠잠할 때가 있고 말할 때가 있으며
A time to rend , and a time to sew ; a time to keep silence , and a time to speak ;
8. 사랑할 때가 있고 미워할 때가 있으며 전쟁할 때가 있고 평화할 때가 있느니라
A time to love , and a time to hate ; a time of war , and a time of peace .
9. 일하는 자가 그 수고로 말미암아 무슨 이익이 있으랴
What profit hath he that worketh in that wherein he laboureth ?
10. 하나님이 인생들에게 노고를 주사 애쓰게 하신 것을 내가 보았노라
I have seen the travail , which God hath given to the sons of men to be exercised in it.
11. 하나님이 모든 것을 지으시되 때를 따라 아름답게 하셨고 또 사람에게 영원을 사모하는 마음을 주셨느니라 그러나 하나님의 하 시는 일의 시종을 사람으로 측량할 수 없게 하셨도다
He hath made every thing beautiful in his time : also he hath set the world in their heart , so that no man can find out the work that God maketh from the beginning to the end .
12. 사람이 사는 동안에 기뻐하며 선을 행하는 것보다 나은 것이 없는 줄을 내가 알았고
I know that there is no good in them, but for a man to rejoice , and to do good in his life .
13. 사람마다 먹고 마시는 것과 수고함으로 낙을 누리는 것이 하나님의 선물인 줄을 또한 알았도다
And also that every man should eat and drink , and enjoy the good of all his labour , it is the gift of God .
14. 무릇 하나님의 행하시는 것은 영원히 있을 것이라 더 할 수도 없고 덜 할 수도 없나니 하나님이 이같이 행하심은 사람으로 그 앞에서 경외하게 하려 하심인 줄을 내가 알았도다
I know that, whatsoever God doeth , it shall be for ever : nothing can be put to it, nor any thing taken from it: and God doeth it, that men should fear before him.
15. 이제 있는 것이 옛적에 있었고 장래에 있을 것도 옛적에 있었나니 하나님은 이미 지난 것을 다시 찾으시느니라
That which hath been is now ; and that which is to be hath already been; and God requireth that which is past .
16. 내가 해 아래서 또 보건대 재판하는 곳에 악이 있고 공의를 행하는 곳에도 악이 있도다
And moreover I saw under the sun the place of judgment , that wickedness was there; and the place of righteousness , that iniquity was there.
17. 내가 심중에 이르기를 의인과 악인을 하나님이 심판하시리니 이는 모든 목적과 모든 일이 이룰 때가 있음이라 하였으며
I said in mine heart , God shall judge the righteous and the wicked : for there is a time there for every purpose and for every work .
18. 내가 심중에 이르기를 인생의 일에 대하여 하나님이 저희를 시험하시리니 저희로 자기가 짐승보다 다름이 없는 줄을 깨닫게 하려 하심이라 하였노라
I said in mine heart concerning the estate of the sons of men , that God might manifest them, and that they might see that they themselves are beasts .
19. 인생에게 임하는 일이 일반이라 다 동일한 호흡이 있어서 이의 죽음 같이 저도 죽으니 사람이 짐승보다 뛰어남이 없음은 모든 것이 헛됨이로다
For that which befalleth the sons of men befalleth beasts ; even one thing befalleth them: as the one dieth , so dieth the other ; yea, they have all one breath ; so that a man hath no preeminence above a beast : for all is vanity .
20. 다 흙으로 말미암았으므로 다 흙으로 돌아가나니 다 한 곳으로 가거니와
All go unto one place ; all are of the dust , and all turn to dust again .
21. 인생의 혼은 위로 올라가고 짐승의 혼은 아래 곧 땅으로 내려가는 줄을 누가 알랴
Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward , and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth ?
22. 그러므로 내 소견에는 사람이 자기 일에 즐거워하는 것보다 나은 것이 없나니 이는 그의 분복이라 그 신후사를 보게 하려고 저를 도로 데리고 올 자가 누구이랴
Wherefore I perceive that there is nothing better , than that a man should rejoice in his own works ; for that is his portion : for who shall bring him to see what shall be after him?
■ 주석 보기
【전3:1 JFB】전3:1-22.
Earthly pursuits are no doubt lawful in their proper time and order (전3:1-8), but unprofitable when out of time and place; as for instance, when pursued as the solid and chief good (전3:9, 10); whereas God makes everything beautiful in its season, which man obscurely comprehends (전3:11). God allows man to enjoy moderately and virtuously His earthly gifts (전3:12, 13). What consoles us amidst the instability of earthly blessings is, God's counsels are immutable (전3:14).
1. Man has his appointed cycle of seasons and vicissitudes, as the sun, wind, and water (전1:5-7).
purpose—as there is a fixed "season" in God's "purposes" (for example, He has fixed the "time" when man is "to be born," and "to die," 전3:2), so there is a lawful "time" for man to carry out his "purposes" and inclinations. God does not condemn, but approves of, the use of earthly blessings (전3:12); it is the abuse that He condemns, the making them the chief end (고전7:31). The earth, without human desires, love, taste, joy, sorrow, would be a dreary waste, without water; but, on the other hand, the misplacing and excess of them, as of a flood, need control. Reason and revelation are given to control them.
【전3:1 CWC】1. Man's Tim에3:1-11.
These are orderly and seasonable, but bring no permanent profit, because man is still ignorant of God's purpose in them all. He does not know how to fit his work into God's work. The conclusion follows (vv. 12-15).
2. God's Time (vv. 16-22).
There is a suggestion in verse 17 that this is long. It will be a time, too, of judgment and manifestation (w. 17, 18), and yet, and perhaps because of this, man's death is not different from the beast (w. 19-21); conclusion (v. 22).
3. Sundry Wrongs and Vanities (4:1-16).
Oppression (vv. 1-3); envy (4:4-6); the lonely miser (vv. 7-12); political disappointment (vv. 13-16).
【전3:1 MHCC】 The changes of human affairs. (Eccl. 3:1-10) The Divine counsels unchangeable. (Eccl. 3:11-15) The vanity of worldly power. (Eccl. 3:16-22)
Eccl. 3:1-10 To expect unchanging happiness in a changing world, must end in disappointment. To bring ourselves to our state in life, is our duty and wisdom in this world. God's whole plan for the government of the world will be found altogether wise, just, and good. Then let us seize the favourable opportunity for every good purpose and work. The time to die is fast approaching. Thus labour and sorrow fill the world. This is given us, that we may always have something to do; none were sent into the world to be idle.
Eccl. 3:11-15 Every thing is as God made it; not as it appears to us. We have the world so much in our hearts, are so taken up with thoughts and cares of worldly things, that we have neither time nor spirit to see God's hand in them. The world has not only gained possession of the heart, but has formed thoughts against the beauty of God's works. We mistake if we think we were born for ourselves; no, it is our business to do good in this life, which is short and uncertain; we have but little time to be doing good, therefore we should redeem time. Satisfaction with Divine Providence, is having faith that all things work together for good to them that love him. God doeth all, that men should fear before him. The world, as it has been, is, and will be. There has no change befallen us, nor has any temptation by it taken us, but such as is common to men.
Eccl. 3:16-22 Without the fear of the Lord, man is but vanity; set that aside, and judges will not use their power well. And there is another Judge that stands before the door. With God there is a time for the redressing of grievances, though as yet we see it not. Solomon seems to express his wish that men might perceive, that by choosing this world as their portion, they brought themselves to a level with the beasts, without being free, as they are, from present vexations and a future account. Both return to the dust from whence they were taken. What little reason have we to be proud of our bodies, or bodily accomplishments! But as none can fully comprehend, so few consider properly, the difference between the rational soul of man, and the spirit or life of the beast. The spirit of man goes upward, to be judged, and is then fixed in an unchangeable state of happiness or misery. It is as certain that the spirit of the beast goes downward to the earth; it perishes at death. Surely their case is lamentable, the height of whose hopes and wishes is, that they may die like beasts. Let our inquiry be, how an eternity of existence may be to us an eternity of enjoyment? To answer this, is the grand design of revelation. Jesus is revealed as the Son of God, and the Hope of sinners.
【전3:2 JFB】2. time to die—(시31:15; 히9:27).
plant—A man can no more reverse the times and order of "planting," and of "digging up," and transplanting, than he can alter the times fixed for his "birth" and "death." To try to "plant" out of season is vanity, however good in season; so to make earthly things the chief end is vanity, however good they be in order and season. Gill takes it, not so well, figuratively (렘18:7, 9; 암9:15; 마15:13).
【전3:3 JFB】3. time to kill—namely, judicially, criminals; or, in wars of self-defense; not in malice. Out of this time and order, killing is murder.
to heal—God has His times for "healing" (literally, 사38:5, 21; figuratively, 신32:39; 호6:1; spiritually, 시147:3; 사57:19). To heal spiritually, before the sinner feels his wound, would be "out of time," and so injurious.
time to break down—cities, as Jerusalem, by Nebuchadnezzar.
build up—as Jerusalem, in the time of Zerubbabel; spiritually (암9:11), "the set time" (시102:13-16).
【전3:4 JFB】4. mourn—namely, for the dead (창23:2).
dance—as David before the ark (삼하6:12-14; 시30:11); spiritually (마9:15; Lu 6:21; 15:25). The Pharisees, by requiring sadness out of time, erred seriously.
【전3:5 JFB】5. cast away stones—as out of a garden or vineyard (사5:2).
gather—for building; figuratively, the Gentiles, once castaway stones, were in due time made parts of the spiritual building (엡2:19, 20), and children of Abraham (마3:9); so the restored Jews hereafter (시102:13, 14; Z전9:16).
refrain … embracing—(Joe 2:16; 고전7:5, 6).
【전3:6 JFB】6. time to get—for example, to gain honestly a livelihood (엡4:23).
lose—When God wills losses to us, then is our time to be content.
keep—not to give to the idle beggar (살후3:10).
cast away—in charity (잠11:24); or to part with the dearest object, rather than the soul (막9:43). To be careful is right in its place, but not when it comes between us and Jesus Christ (Lu 10:40-42).
【전3:7 JFB】7. rend—garments, in mourning (Joe 2:13); figuratively, nations, as Israel from Judah, already foretold, in Solomon's time (왕상11:30, 31), to be "sewed" together hereafter (겔37:15, 22).
silence—(암5:13), in a national calamity, or that of a friend (욥2:13); also not to murmur under God's visitation (레10:3; 시39:1, 2, 9).
【전3:8 JFB】8. hate—for example, sin, lusts (Lu 14:26); that is, to love God so much more as to seem in comparison to hate "father or mother," when coming between us and God.
a time of war … peace—(Lu 14:31).
【전3:9 JFB】9. But these earthly pursuits, while lawful in their season, are "unprofitable" when made by man, what God never intended them to be, the chief good. Solomon had tried to create an artificial forced joy, at times when he ought rather to have been serious; the result, therefore, of his labor to be happy, out of God's order, was disappointment. "A time to plant" (전3:2) refers to his planting (전2:5); "laugh" (전3:4), to 전2:1, 2; "his mirth," "laughter"; "build up," "gather stones" (전3:3, 5), to his "building" (전2:4); "embrace," "love," to his "princess" (see on 전2:8); "get" (perhaps also "gather," 전3:5, 6), to his "gathering" (전2:8). All these were of "no profit," because not in God's time and order of bestowing happiness.
【전3:10 JFB】10. (See on 전1:13).
【전3:11 JFB】11. his time—that is, in its proper season (시1:3), opposed to worldlings putting earthly pursuits out of their proper time and place (see on 전3:9).
set the world in their heart—given them capacities to understand the world of nature as reflecting God's wisdom in its beautiful order and times (롬1:19, 20). "Everything" answers to "world," in the parallelism.
so that—that is, but in such a manner that man only sees a portion, not the whole "from beginning to end" (전8:17; 욥26:14; 롬11:33; 계15:4). Parkhurst, for "world," translates: "Yet He hath put obscurity in the midst of them," literally, "a secret," so man's mental dimness of sight as to the full mystery of God's works. So Holden and Weiss. This incapacity for "finding out" (comprehending) God's work is chiefly the fruit of the fall. The worldling ever since, not knowing God's time and order, labors in vain, because out of time and place.
【전3:12 JFB】12. in them—in God's works (전3:11), as far as relates to man's duty. Man cannot fully comprehend them, but he ought joyfully to receive ("rejoice in") God's gifts, and "do good" with them to himself and to others. This is never out of season (갈6:9, 10). Not sensual joy and self-indulgence (빌4:4; 약4:16, 17).
【전3:13 JFB】13. Literally, "And also as to every man who eats … this is the gift of God" (전3:22; 5:18). When received as God's gifts, and to God's glory, the good things of life are enjoyed in their due time and order (행2:46; 고전10:31; 딤전4:3, 4).
【전3:14 JFB】14. (삼상3:12; 삼하23:5; 시89:34; 마24:35; 약1:17).
for ever—as opposed to man's perishing labors (전2:15-18).
any thing taken from it—opposed to man's "crooked and wanting" works (전1:15; 7:13). The event of man's labors depends wholly on God's immutable purpose. Man's part, therefore, is to do and enjoy every earthly thing in its proper season (전3:12, 13), not setting aside God's order, but observing deep reverence towards God; for the mysteriousness and unchangeableness of God's purposes are designed to lead "man to fear before Him." Man knows not the event of each act: otherwise he would think himself independent of God.
【전3:15 JFB】15. Resumption of 전1:9. Whatever changes there be, the succession of events is ordered by God's "everlasting" laws (전3:14), and returns in a fixed cycle.
requireth that … past—After many changes, God's law requires the return of the same cycle of events, as in the past, literally, "that which is driven on." The Septuagint and Syriac translate: "God requireth (that is, avengeth) the persecuted man"; a transition to 전3:16, 17. The parallel clauses of the verse support English Version.
【전3:16 JFB】16. Here a difficulty is suggested. If God "requires" events to move in their perpetual cycle, why are the wicked allowed to deal unrighteously in the place where injustice ought least of all to be; namely, "the place of judgment" (렘12:1)?
【전3:17 JFB】17. Solution of it. There is a coming judgment in which God will vindicate His righteous ways. The sinner's "time" of his unrighteous "work" is short. God also has His "time" and "work" of judgment; and, meanwhile, is overruling, for good at last, what seems now dark. Man cannot now "find out" the plan of God's ways (전3:11; 시97:2). If judgment instantly followed every sin, there would be no scope for free will, faith, and perseverance of saints in spite of difficulties. The previous darkness will make the light at last the more glorious.
there—(욥3:17-19) in eternity, in the presence of the Divine Judge, opposed to the "there," in the human place of judgment (전3:16): so "from thence" (창49:24).
【전3:18 JFB】18. estate—The estate of fallen man is so ordered (these wrongs are permitted), that God might "manifest," that is, thereby prove them, and that they might themselves see their mortal frailty, like that of the beasts.
sons of men—rather, "sons of Adam," a phrase used for "fallen men." The toleration of injustice until the judgment is designed to "manifest" men's characters in their fallen state, to see whether the oppressed will bear themselves aright amidst their wrongs, knowing that the time is short, and there is a coming judgment. The oppressed share in death, but the comparison to "beasts" applies especially to the ungodly oppressors (시49:12, 20). They too need to be "manifested" ("proved"), whether, considering that they must soon die as the "beasts," and fearing the judgment to come, they will repent (단4:27).
【전3:19 JFB】19. Literally, "For the sons of men (Adam) are a mere chance, as also the beast is a mere chance." These words can only be the sentiments of the skeptical oppressors. God's delay in judgment gives scope for the "manifestation" of their infidelity (전8:11; 시55:19; 벧후3:3,4). They are "brute beasts," morally (전3:18; Jude 10); and they end by maintaining that man, physically, has no pre-eminence over the beast, both alike being "fortuities." Probably this was the language of Solomon himself in his apostasy. He answers it in 전3:21. If 전3:19, 20 be his words, they express only that as regards liability to death, excluding the future judgment, as the skeptic oppressors do, man is on a level with the beast. Life is "vanity," if regarded independently of religion. But 전3:21 points out the vast difference between them in respect to the future destiny; also (전3:17) beasts have no "judgment" to come.
breath—vitality.
【전3:21 JFB】21. Who knoweth—Not doubt of the destination of man's spirit (전12:7); but "how few, by reason of the outward mortality to which man is as liable as the beast and which is the ground of the skeptic's argument, comprehend the wide difference between man and the beast" (사53:1). The Hebrew expresses the difference strongly, "The spirit of man that ascends, it belongeth to on high; but the spirit of the beast that descends, it belongeth to below, even to the earth." Their destinations and proper element differ utterly [Weiss].
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.