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■ 욥기 33장
1. 그런즉 욥이여 내 말을 들으며 나의 모든 말에 귀를 기울이기를 원하노라
Wherefore , Job , I pray thee, hear my speeches , and hearken to all my words .
2. 내가 입을 여니 내 혀가 입에서 동하는구나
Behold, now I have opened my mouth , my tongue hath spoken in my mouth .
3. 내 말이 내 마음의 정직함을 나타내고 내 입술이 아는 바를 진실히 말하리라
My words shall be of the uprightness of my heart : and my lips shall utter knowledge clearly .
4. 하나님의 신이 나를 지으셨고 전능자의 기운이 나를 살리시느니라
The Spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life .
5. 네가 할 수 있거든 일어서서 내게 대답하고 내 앞에 진술하라
If thou canst answer me, set thy words in order before me, stand up .
6. 나와 네가 하나님 앞에서 일반이니 나도 흙으로 지으심을 입었은즉
Behold, I am according to thy wish in God’s stead: I also am formed out of the clay .
7. 내 위엄으로는 너를 두렵게 하지 못하고 내 권세로는 너를 누르지 못하느니라
Behold, my terror shall not make thee afraid , neither shall my hand be heavy upon thee.
8. 네가 실로 나의 듣는데 말하였고 나는 네 말소리를 들었느니라 이르기를
Surely thou hast spoken in mine hearing , and I have heard the voice of thy words , saying,
9. 나는 깨끗하여 죄가 없고 허물이 없으며 불의도 없거늘
I am clean without transgression , I am innocent ; neither is there iniquity in me.
10. 하나님이 나를 칠 틈을 찾으시며 나를 대적으로 여기사
Behold, he findeth occasions against me, he counteth me for his enemy ,
11. 내 발을 착고에 채우시고 나의 모든 길을 감시하신다 하였느니라
He putteth my feet in the stocks , he marketh all my paths .
12. 내가 네게 대답하리라 이 말에 네가 의롭지 못하니 하나님은 사람보다 크심이니라
Behold, in this thou art not just : I will answer thee, that God is greater than man .
13. 하나님은 모든 행하시는 것을 스스로 진술치 아니하시나니 네가 하나님과 변쟁함은 어찜이뇨
Why dost thou strive against him? for he giveth not account of any of his matters .
14. 사람은 무관히 여겨도 하나님은 한번 말씀하시고 다시 말씀하시되
For God speaketh once , yea twice , yet man perceiveth it not.
15. 사람이 침상에서 졸며 깊이 잠들 때에나 꿈에나 밤의 이상 중에
In a dream , in a vision of the night , when deep sleep falleth upon men , in slumberings upon the bed ;
16. 사람의 귀를 여시고 인치듯 교훈하시나니
Then he openeth the ears of men , and sealeth their instruction ,
17. 이는 사람으로 그 꾀를 버리게 하려 하심이며 사람에게 교만을 막으려 하심이라
That he may withdraw man from his purpose , and hide pride from man .
18. 그는 사람의 혼으로 구덩이에 빠지지 않게 하시며 그 생명으로 칼에 멸망치 않게 하시느니라
He keepeth back his soul from the pit , and his life from perishing by the sword .
19. 혹시는 사람이 병상의 고통과 뼈가 늘 쑤심의 징계를 받나니
He is chastened also with pain upon his bed , and the multitude of his bones with strong pain:
20. 그의 마음은 식물을 싫어하고 그의 혼은 별미를 싫어하며
So that his life abhorreth bread , and his soul dainty meat .
21. 그의 살은 파리하여 보이지 아니하고 보이지 않던 뼈가 드러나서
His flesh is consumed away , that it cannot be seen ; and his bones that were not seen stick out .
22. 그의 혼이 구덩이에, 그의 생명이 멸하는 자에게 가까워지느니라
Yea, his soul draweth near unto the grave , and his life to the destroyers .
23. 그럴 때에 만일 일천 천사 가운데 하나가 그 사람의 해석자로 함께 있어서 그 정당히 행할 것을 보일진대
If there be a messenger with him, an interpreter , one among a thousand , to shew unto man his uprightness :
24. 하나님이 그 사람을 긍휼히 여기사 이르시기를 그를 건져서 구덩이에 내려가지 않게 하라 내가 대속물을 얻었다 하시리라
Then he is gracious unto him, and saith , Deliver him from going down to the pit : I have found a ransom .
25. 그런즉 그 살이 어린 아이보다 연하여져서 소년 때를 회복할 것이요
His flesh shall be fresher than a child’s : he shall return to the days of his youth :
26. 그는 하나님께 기도하므로 하나님이 은혜를 베푸사 그로 자기의 얼굴을 즐거이 보게 하시고 사람에게 그 의를 회복시키시느니라
He shall pray unto God , and he will be favourable unto him: and he shall see his face with joy : for he will render unto man his righteousness .
27. 그가 사람 앞에서 노래하여 이르기를 내가 전에 범죄하여 시비를 바꾸었으나 내게 무익하였었구나
He looketh upon men , and if any say , I have sinned , and perverted that which was right , and it profited me not;
28. 하나님이 내 영혼을 건지사 구덩이에 내려가지 않게 하셨으니 내 생명이 빛을 보겠구나 하리라
He will deliver his soul from going into the pit , and his life shall see the light .
29. 하나님이 사람에게 이 모든 일을 재삼 행하심은
Lo, all these things worketh God oftentimes with man ,
30. 그 영혼을 구덩이에서 끌어 돌이키고 생명의 빛으로 그에게 비취려 하심이니라
To bring back his soul from the pit , to be enlightened with the light of the living .
31. 욥이여 귀를 기울여 내게 들으라 잠잠하라 내가 말하리라
Mark well , O Job , hearken unto me: hold thy peace , and I will speak .
32. 만일 할 말이 있거든 대답하라 내가 너를 의롭게 하려 하노니 말하라
If thou hast any thing to say , answer me: speak , for I desire to justify thee.
33. 만일 없으면 내 말을 들으라 잠잠하라 내가 지혜로 너를 가르치리라
If not, hearken unto me: hold thy peace , and I shall teach thee wisdom .
■ 주석 보기
【욥33:1 JFB】욥33:1-33. Address to Job, as (욥32:1-22) TO THE Friends.
【욥33:1 CWC】[WORDS OF ELIHU AND THE ADDRESS OF THE ALMIGHTY]
Elihu now comes forward with apparent modesty, and yet great pretensions. Young and inexperienced, he is nevertheless indignant at the manner in which the friends of Job have sought to reply to him. Professing that his views have been revealed from above, he undertakes to clear up all the difficulties in the case. Afflictions are for the good of the sufferer is his dictum, a thought which he exhibits in various lights.
He, too, reflects upon Job for his rashness and presumption, leaning rather to the side of his friends.
Chapter 32 is introductory, but in the following chapter he fully enters upon his argument. If Job had wished to bring his cause before God, let him now present it to him, i. e., Elihu, who assumed to take God's place. Job could not be correct in the claims he made for himself because God must be more righteous than man. God speaks to man in various ways to withdraw him from his purpose and save him from sin.
Job is not disposed to reply, although Elihu gives him an opportunity, and therefore the latter continues in chapter 34 to examine his case more particularly. Job had shown a spirit of irreverence which is rebuked. God's government is administered on principles of equity, and therefore Job must be a wicked man who is called upon to confess that his chastisement was just and to resolve to offend no more. In chapter 35, assuming that Job claimed to be more righteous than God, he examines the position, demonstrating its impossibility.
Having undertaken thus to vindicate the divine character, he proceeds in chapters 36 and 37 to state some of the principles of the divine government, illustrating, his views and showing the necessity of man's submission to God by a sublime description of the greatness of the latter, especially as manifested in the storm. To quote Barnes again, "There is in this description every indication that a storm is rising and a tempest gathering. In the midst of this tempest the address of Elihu is broken off and the Almighty appears and closes the debate."
The Address of the Almighty.
The address of the Almighty covers chapters 38 to 41, and is represented as from the midst of the tempest. Its principle object appears to be to assert God's greatness and majesty and the duty of profound submission to the dispensations of his government. He appeals to His works, showing that man could explain little, and that, therefore, it was to be expected that in His moral government there would be much also above human capacity to understand.
Job is subdued and awed, and confesses his vileness in chapter 40:3-5. To produce, however, a more overpowering impression, and secure a deeper prostration before Him, the Almighty described two of the most remarkable animals He had made, with which description His sublime address concludes.
We agree with Barnes and others, that the general impression sought by this address is that of awe, reverence and submission. That God has a right to do, and that it is presumptuous in man to sit in judgment upon His doings. It is remarkable that God does not refer to the main point in the controversy at all. He does not seek to vindicate His government from the charges brought against it of inequality, nor does He refer to the future state as a place where all these apparent inequalities will be adjusted.
Job is humbled and penitent, chapter 42. His confession is accepted, and his general course approved. His three friends are reprimanded for the severity of their judgment upon him, while he is directed to intercede for them. His calamities are ended and he is restored to double his former prosperity.
Thus God shows Himself the friend of the righteous, and the object of the trial is secured by showing that there is true virtue which is not based on selfishness, and real piety that will bear any trial to which it may be subjected.
It shows that God is able to keep the feet of His saints, and that His grace is sufficient for them who put their trust in Him. We speak of Job as triumphant, but the more vital truth is that God is triumphant in the lives of His saints above the power of the evil one.
【욥33:1 MHCC】Job had desired a judge to decide his appeal. Elihu was one according to his wish, a man like himself. If we would rightly convince men, it must be by reason, not by terror; by fair argument, not by a heavy hand.
【욥33:2 JFB】2. mouth—rather, "palate," whereby the taste discerns. Every man speaks with his mouth, but few, as Elihu, try their words with discrimination first, and only say what is really good (욥6:30; 12:11).
hath spoken—rather, "proceeds to speak."
【욥33:3 JFB】3. I will speak according to my inward conviction.
clearly—rather, "purely"; sincerely, not distorting the truth through passion, as the friends did.
【욥33:4 JFB】4. The Spirit of God hath made me—as He did thee: latter clause of 욥33:6 (창2:7). Therefore thou needest not fear me, as thou wouldest God (욥33:7; 욥9:34). On the other hand, "the breath of the Almighty hath inspired me" (as 욥32:8); not as English Version, "given me life"; therefore "I am according to thy wish (욥9:32, 33) in God's stead" to thee; a "daysman," umpire, or mediator, between God and thee. So Elihu was designed by the Holy Ghost to be a type of Jesus Christ (욥33:23-26).
【욥33:5 JFB】5. Images from a court of justice.
stand up—alluding to Job's words (욥30:20).
【욥33:6 JFB】6. (See on 욥33:4; 욥31:35; 13:3, 20, 21).
formed—Though acting as God's representative, I am but a creature, like thyself. Arabic, "pressed together," as a mass of clay by the potter, in forming a vessel [Umbreit]. Hebrew, "cut off," as the portion taken from the clay to form it [Maurer].
【욥33:7 JFB】7. hand—alluding to Job's words (욥13:21).
【욥33:8 JFB】8. thy words—(욥10:7; 16:17; 23:11, 12; 27:5, 6; 29:14). In 욥9:30; 13:23, Job had acknowledged sin; but the general spirit of his words was to maintain himself to be "clean," and to charge God with injustice. He went too far on the opposite side in opposing the friends' false charge of hypocrisy. Even the godly, though willing to confess themselves sinners in general, often dislike sin in particular to be brought as a charge against them. Affliction is therefore needed to bring them to feel that sin in them deserves even worse than they suffer and that God does them no injustice. Then at last humbled under God they find, affliction is for their real good, and so at last it is taken away either here, or at least at death. To teach this is Elihu's mission.
【욥33:8 MHCC】Elihu charges Job with reflecting upon the justice and goodness of God. When we hear any thing said to God's dishonour, we ought to bear our testimony against it. Job had represented God as severe in marking what he did amiss. Elihu urges that he had spoken wrong, and that he ought to humble himself before God, and by repentance to unsay it. God is not accountable to us. It is unreasonable for weak, sinful creatures, to strive with a God of infinite wisdom, power, and goodness. He acts with perfect justice, wisdom, and goodness, where we cannot perceive it.
【욥33:9 JFB】9. clean—spotless.
【욥33:10 JFB】10. occasions—for hostility; literally, "enmities" (욥13:24; 16:9; 19:11; 30:21).
【욥33:11 JFB】11. (욥13:27).
marketh—narrowly watches (욥14:16; 7:12; 31:4).
【욥33:12 JFB】12. in this—view of God and His government. It cannot be that God should jealously "watch" man, though "spotless," as an "enemy," or as one afraid of him as an equal. For "God is greater than man!" There must be sin in man, even though he be no hypocrite, which needs correction by suffering for the sufferer's good.
【욥33:13 JFB】13. (사45:9).
his matters—ways. Our part is, not to "strive" with God, but to submit. To believe it is right because He does it, not because we see all the reasons for His doing it.
【욥33:14 JFB】14. Translate, "Yet, man regardeth it not"; or rather, as Umbreit, "Yea, twice (He repeats the warning)—if man gives no heed" to the first warning. Elihu implies that God's reason for sending affliction is because, when God has communicated His will in various ways, man in prosperity has not heeded it; God therefore must try what affliction will effect (요15:2; 시62:11; 사28:10, 13).
【욥33:14 MHCC】God speaks to us by conscience, by providences, and by ministers; of all these Elihu discourses. There was not then, that we know of, any Divine revelation in writing, though now it is our principal guide. When God designs men's good, by the convictions and dictates of their own consciences, he opens the heart, as Lydia's, and opens the ears, so that conviction finds or forces its way in. The end and design of these admonitions are to keep men from sin, particularly the sin of pride. While sinners are pursuing evil purposes, and indulging their pride, their souls are hastening to destruction. That which turns men from sin, saves them from hell. What a mercy it is to be under the restraints of an awakened conscience!
【욥33:15 JFB】15. slumberings—light is opposed to "deep sleep." Elihu has in view Eliphaz (욥4:13), and also Job himself (욥7:14). "Dreams" in sleep, and "visions" of actual apparitions, were among the ways whereby God then spake to man (창20:3).
【욥33:16 JFB】16. Literally, "sealeth (their ears) to Himself by warnings," that is, with the sureness and secrecy of a seal He reveals His warnings [Umbreit]. To seal up securely (욥37:7).
【욥33:17 JFB】17. purpose—Margin, "work." So 욥36:9. So "business" in a bad sense (삼상20:19). Elihu alludes to Job's words (욥17:11). "Pride," an open "pit" (욥33:18) which God hides or covers up, lest man should fall into it. Even the godly need to learn the lesson which trials teach, to "humble themselves under the mighty hand of God."
【욥33:18 JFB】18. his soul—his life.
the pit—the grave; a symbol of hell.
perishing by the sword—that is, a violent death; in the Old Testament a symbol of the future punishment of the ungodly.
【욥33:19 JFB】19. When man does not heed warnings of the night, he is chastened, &c. The new thought suggested by Elihu is that affliction is disciplinary (욥36:10); for the good of the godly.
multitude—so the Margin, Hebrew (Keri). Better with the text (Chetib), "And with the perpetual (strong) contest of his bones"; the never-resting fever in his bones (시38:3) [Umbreit].
【욥33:19 MHCC】Job complained of his diseases, and judged by them that God was angry with him; his friends did so too: but Elihu shows that God often afflicts the body for good to the soul. This thought will be of great use for our getting good from sickness, in and by which God speaks to men. Pain is the fruit of sin; yet, by the grace of God, the pain of the body is often made a means of good to the soul. When afflictions have done their work, they shall be removed. A ransom or propitiation is found. Jesus Christ is the Messenger and the Ransom, so Elihu calls him, as Job had called him his Redeemer, for he is both the Purchaser and the Price, the Priest and the sacrifice. So high was the value of souls, that nothing less would redeem them; and so great the hurt done by sin, that nothing less would atone for it, than the blood of the Son of God, who gave his life a ransom for many. A blessed change follows. Recovery from sickness is a mercy indeed, when it proceeds from the remission of sin. All that truly repent of their sins, shall find mercy with God. The works of darkness are unfruitful works; all the gains of sin will come far short of the damage. We must, with a broken and contrite heart, confess our sins to God, 요일1:9. We must confess the fact of sin; and not try to justify or excuse ourselves. We must confess the fault of sin; I have perverted that which was right. We must confess the folly of sin; So foolish have I been and ignorant. Is there not good reason why we should make such a confession?
【욥33:20 JFB】20. life—that is, the appetite, which ordinarily sustains "life" (욥38:39; 시107:18; 전12:5). The taking away of desire for food by sickness symbolizes the removal by affliction of lust, for things which foster the spiritual fever of pride.
soul—desire.
【욥33:21 JFB】21. His flesh once prominent "can no more be seen." His bones once not seen now appear prominent.
stick out—literally, "are bare." The Margin, Hebrew (Keri) reading. The text (Chetib) reads it a noun "(are become) bareness." The Keri was no doubt an explanatory reading of transcribers.
【욥33:22 JFB】22. destroyers—angels of death commissioned by God to end man's life (삼하24:16; 시78:49). The death pains personified may, however, be meant; so "gnawers" (see on 욥30:17).
【욥33:23 JFB】23. Elihu refers to himself as the divinely-sent (욥32:8; 33:6) "messenger," the "interpreter" to explain to Job and vindicate God's righteousness; such a one Eliphaz had denied that Job could look for (욥5:1), and Job (욥9:33) had wished for such a "daysman" or umpire between him and God. The "messenger" of good is antithetical to the "destroyers" (욥33:23).
with him—if there be vouchsafed to the sufferer. The office of the interpreter is stated "to show unto man God's uprightness" in His dealings; or, as Umbreit, "man's upright course towards God" (잠14:2). The former is better; Job maintained his own "uprightness" (욥16:17; 27:5, 6); Elihu on the contrary maintains God's, and that man's true uprightness lies in submission to God. "One among a thousand" is a man rarely to be found. So Jesus Christ (아5:10). Elihu, the God-sent mediator of a temporal deliverance, is a type of the God-man Jesus Christ the Mediator of eternal deliverance: "the messenger of the covenant" (말3:1). This is the wonderful work of the Holy Ghost, that persons and events move in their own sphere in such a way as unconsciously to shadow forth Him, whose "testimony is the Spirit of prophecy"; as the same point may be center of a small and of a vastly larger concentric circle.
【욥33:24 JFB】24. Apodosis to 욥33:23.
he—God.
Deliver—literally, "redeem"; in it and "ransom" there is reference to the consideration, on account of which God pardons and relieves the sufferers; here it is primarily the intercession of Elihu. But the language is too strong for its full meaning to be exhausted by this. The Holy Ghost has suggested language which receives its full realization only in the "eternal redemption found" by God in the price paid by Jesus Christ for it; that is, His blood and meritorious intercession (히9:12). "Obtained," literally, "found"; implying the earnest zeal, wisdom, and faithfulness of the finder, and the newness and joyousness of the finding. Jesus Christ could not but have found it, but still His seeking it was needed [Bengel], (Lu 15:8). God the Father, is the Finder (시89:19). Jesus Christ the Redeemer, to whom He saith, Redeem (so Hebrew) him from going, &c. (고후5:19).
ransom—used in a general sense by Elihu, but meant by the Holy Ghost in its strict sense as applied to Jesus Christ, of a price paid for deliverance (출21:30), an atonement (that is, means of selling at once, that is, reconciling "two" who are estranged), a covering, as of the ark with pitch, typical of what covers us sinners from wrath (창6:14; 시32:1). The pit is primarily here the grave (사38:17), but the spiritual pit is mainly shadowed forth (Z전9:11).
【욥33:25 JFB】25-28. Effects of restoration to God's favor; literally, to Job a temporal revival; spiritually, an eternal regeneration. The striking words cannot be restricted to their temporal meaning, as used by Elihu (벧전1:11, 12).
his flesh shall be fresher than a child's—so Naaman, 왕하5:14, spiritually, 요3:3-7.
【욥33:26 JFB】26. Job shall no longer pray to God, as he complains, in vain (욥23:3, 8, 9). True especially to the redeemed in Jesus Christ (요16:23-27).
he—Job.
shall see his face—or, God shall make Job to see His face [Maurer]. God shall no longer "hide His face" (욥13:24). True to the believer now (요14:21, 22); eternally (시17:15; 요17:24).
his—God's
righteousness—God will again make the restored Job no longer ("I perverted … right," 욥33:27) doubt God's justice, but to justify Him in His dealings. The penitent justifies God (시51:4). So the believer is made to see God's righteousness in Jesus Christ (사45:24; 46:13).
【욥33:27 JFB】27. he looketh—God. Rather, with Umbreit, "Now he (the restored penitent) singeth joyfully (answering to "joy," 욥33:26; 시51:12) before men, and saith," &c. (잠25:20; 시66:16; 116:14).
perverted—made the straight crooked: as Job had misrepresented God's character.
profited—literally, "was made even" to me; rather, "My punishment was not commensurate with my sin" (so Zophar, 욥11:6); the reverse of what Job heretofore said (욥16:17; 시103:10; 스9:13).
【욥33:28 JFB】28. (See on 욥33:24); rather, as Hebrew text (English Version reads as the Margin, Hebrew, Keri, "his soul, his life"), "He hath delivered my soul … my life." Continuation of the penitent's testimony to the people.
light—(욥33:30; 욥3:16, 20; 시56:13; 전11:7).
【욥33:29 JFB】29.Margin, "twice and thrice," alluding to 욥33:14; once, by visions, 욥33:15-17; secondly, by afflictions, 욥33:19-22; now, by the "messenger," thirdly, 욥33:23.
【욥33:29 MHCC】Elihu shows that God's great and gracious design toward the children of men, is, to save them from being for ever miserable, and to bring them to be for ever happy. By whatever means we are kept back from the we shall bless the Lord for them at least, and should bless him for them though they be painful and distressing. Those that perish for ever are without excuse, for they would not be healed.
【욥33:30 JFB】30. Referring to 욥33:28 (시50:13).
【욥33:32 JFB】32. justify—to do thee justice; and, if I can, consistently with it, to declare thee innocent. At 욥33:33 Elihu pauses for a reply; then proceeds in 욥34:1.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.