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■ 욥기 31장
1. 내가 내 눈과 언약을 세웠나니 어찌 처녀에게 주목하랴
I made a covenant with mine eyes ; why then should I think upon a maid ?
2. 그리하면 위에 계신 하나님의 내리시는 분깃이 무엇이겠으며 높은 곳에서 전능자의 주시는 산업이 무엇이겠느냐
For what portion of God is there from above ? and what inheritance of the Almighty from on high ?
3. 불의자에게는 환난이 아니겠느냐 행악자에게는 재앙이 아니겠느냐
Is not destruction to the wicked ? and a strange punishment to the workers of iniquity ?
4. 그가 내 길을 감찰하지 아니하시느냐 내 걸음을 다 세지 아니하시느냐
Doth not he see my ways , and count all my steps ?
5. 언제 나의 행위가 허탄하였으며 내 발이 궤휼에 빨랐던가
If I have walked with vanity , or if my foot hath hasted to deceit ;
6. 그리하였으면 내가 공평한 저울에 달려서 하나님이 나의 정직함을 아시게 되기를 원하노라
Let me be weighed in an even balance , that God may know mine integrity .
7. 언제 내 걸음이 길에서 떠났던가 내 마음이 내 눈을 따라갔던가 내 손에 더러운 것이 묻었던가
If my step hath turned out of the way , and mine heart walked after mine eyes , and if any blot hath cleaved to mine hands ;
8. 그리하였으면 나의 심은 것을 타인이 먹으며 나의 소산이 뿌리까지 뽑히는 것이 마땅하니라
Then let me sow , and let another eat ; yea, let my offspring be rooted out .
9. 언제 내 마음이 여인에게 유혹되어 이웃의 문을 엿보아 기다렸던가
If mine heart have been deceived by a woman , or if I have laid wait at my neighbour’s door ;
10. 그리하였으면 내 처가 타인의 매를 돌리며 타인이 더불어 동침하는 것이 마땅하니라
Then let my wife grind unto another , and let others bow down upon her.
11. 이는 중죄라 재판장에게 벌 받을 악이요
For this is an heinous crime ; yea, it is an iniquity to be punished by the judges .
12. 멸망하도록 사르는 불이라 나의 모든 소산을 뿌리까지 없이할 것이니라
For it is a fire that consumeth to destruction , and would root out all mine increase .
13. 남종이나 여종이 나로 더불어 쟁변할 때에 내가 언제 그의 사정을 멸시하였던가
If I did despise the cause of my manservant or of my maidservant , when they contended with me;
14. 그리하였으면 하나님이 일어나실 때에는 내가 어떻게 하겠느냐 하나님이 국문하실 때에는 내가 무엇이라 대답하겠느냐
What then shall I do when God riseth up ? and when he visiteth , what shall I answer him?
15. 나를 태 속에 만드신 자가 그도 만들지 아니하셨느냐 우리를 뱃속에 지으신 자가 하나가 아니시냐
Did not he that made me in the womb make him? and did not one fashion us in the womb ?
16. 내가 언제 가난한 자의 소원을 막았던가 과부의 눈으로 실망케 하였던가
If I have withheld the poor from their desire , or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail ;
17. 나만 홀로 식물을 먹고 고아에게 먹이지 아니하였던가
Or have eaten my morsel myself alone, and the fatherless hath not eaten thereof;
18. 실상은 내가 젊었을 때부터 고아를 기르기를 그의 아비처럼 하였으며 내가 모태에서 나온 후로 과부를 인도하였었노라
(For from my youth he was brought up with me, as with a father , and I have guided her from my mother’s womb ;)
19. 내가 언제 사람이 의복이 없이 죽게 된 것이나 빈궁한 자가 덮을 것이 없는 것을 보고도
If I have seen any perish for want of clothing , or any poor without covering ;
20. 나의 양털로 그 몸을 더웁게 입혀서 그로 나를 위하여 복을 빌게 하지 아니하였던가
If his loins have not blessed me, and if he were not warmed with the fleece of my sheep ;
21. 나를 도와주는 자가 성문에 있음을 보고 내가 손을 들어 고아를 쳤던가
If I have lifted up my hand against the fatherless , when I saw my help in the gate :
22. 그리하였으면 내 어깨가 어깨뼈에서 떨어지고 내 팔뼈가 부러짐이 마땅하니라
Then let mine arm fall from my shoulder blade , and mine arm be broken from the bone .
23. 나는 하나님의 재앙을 심히 두려워하고 그 위엄을 인하여 아무 것도 할 수 없느니라
For destruction from God was a terror to me, and by reason of his highness I could not endure.
24. 내가 언제 금으로 내 소망을 삼고 정금더러 너는 내 의뢰하는 바라 하였던가
If I have made gold my hope , or have said to the fine gold , Thou art my confidence ;
25. 언제 재물의 풍부함과 손으로 얻은 것이 많음으로 기뻐하였던가
If I rejoiced because my wealth was great , and because mine hand had gotten much ;
26. 언제 태양의 빛남과 달의 명랑하게 운행되는 것을 보고
If I beheld the sun when it shined , or the moon walking in brightness ;
27. 내 마음이 가만히 유혹되어 손에 입맞추었던가
And my heart hath been secretly enticed , or my mouth hath kissed my hand :
28. 이 역시 재판장에게 벌 받을 죄악이니 내가 그리하였으면 위에 계신 하나님을 배반한 것이니라
This also were an iniquity to be punished by the judge : for I should have denied the God that is above .
29. 내가 언제 나를 미워하는 자의 멸망을 기뻐하였으며 그의 재앙 만남을 인하여 기운을 뽐내었던가
If I rejoiced at the destruction of him that hated me, or lifted up myself when evil found him:
30. 실상은 내가 그의 죽기를 구하는 말로 저주하여 내 입으로 범죄케 아니하였느니라
Neither have I suffered my mouth to sin by wishing a curse to his soul .
31. 내 장막 사람의 말이 주인의 고기에 배부르지 않은 자가 어디 있느뇨 하지 아니하였었는가
If the men of my tabernacle said not, Oh that we had of his flesh ! we cannot be satisfied .
32. 나그네로 거리에서 자게 하지 아니하고 내가 행인에게 내 문을 열어 주었었노라
The stranger did not lodge in the street : but I opened my doors to the traveller .
33. 내가 언제 큰 무리를 두려워하며 족속의 멸시를 무서워함으로 잠잠하고 문에 나가지 아니하여 타인처럼 내 죄악을 품에 숨겨 허물을 가리었었던가
If I covered my transgressions as Adam , by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom :
34. 상동
Did I fear a great multitude , or did the contempt of families terrify me, that I kept silence , and went not out of the door ?
35. 누구든지 나의 변백을 들을지니라 나의 서명이 여기 있으니 전능자가 내게 대답하시기를 원하노라 내 대적의 기록한 소송장이 내게 있으면
Oh that one would hear me! behold, my desire is, that the Almighty would answer me, and that mine adversary had written a book .
36. 내가 어깨에 메기도 하고 면류관처럼 머리에 쓰기도 하며
Surely I would take it upon my shoulder , and bind it as a crown to me.
37. 내 걸음의 수효를 그에게 고하고 왕족처럼 그를 가까이 하였으리라
I would declare unto him the number of my steps ; as a prince would I go near unto him.
38. 언제 내 토지가 부르짖어 나를 책망하며 그 이랑이 일시에 울었던가
If my land cry against me, or that the furrows likewise thereof complain ;
39. 언제 내가 값을 내지 않고 그 소산물을 먹고 그 소유주로 생명을 잃게 하였던가
If I have eaten the fruits thereof without money , or have caused the owners thereof to lose their life :
40. 그리하였으면 말 대신에 찔레가 나고 보리 대신에 잡풀이 나는 것이 마땅하니라 하고 욥의 말이 그치니라
Let thistles grow instead of wheat , and cockle instead of barley . The words of Job are ended .
■ 주석 보기
【욥31:1 JFB】욥31:1-40.
1. Job proceeds to prove that he deserved a better lot. As in the twenty-ninth chapter, he showed his uprightness as an emir, or magistrate in public life, so in this chapter he vindicates his character in private life.
1-4. He asserts his guarding against being allured to sin by his senses.
think—rather, "cast a (lustful) look." He not merely did not so, but put it out of the question by covenanting with his eyes against leading him into temptation (잠6:25; 마5:28).
【욥31:1 CWC】[THIRD SERIES OF THE DEBATE]
(1) With Eliphaz, 22-24.
(a) Speech of Eliphaz, 22.
(b) Reply of Job, 23, 24.
(2) With Bildad, 25, 26.
(a) Speech of Bildad, 2$.
(b) Reply of Job, 26.
(3) With Zophar, 27-31.
(a) * * * * * *
(b) Continuation of the reply of Job, 27-31.
The last speech Eliphaz makes, chapter 22, is a grand effort to refute Job based upon the latter's appeal to facts. There is more severity in it than he has shown before. He charges Job with cruelty, oppression and injustice as a magistrate. Therefore, no wonder such calamities had come upon him. Using the deluge as an illustration, he shows how God must deal with the wicked according to their deserts. Job is exhorted to acquaint himself with God and be at peace with Him, and all might yet be well.
Job replies pathetically. He has no human help, but turns to God. O, that he might come before Him! He cannot seem to find Him, yet he has confidence in Him. His own integrity is once more asserted. It was not true that God always dealt with men on earth in accordance with their character. The wicked often have long prosperity, though he admits they will ultimately be cut off.
Bildad attempts a reply in chapter 25, and yet he seems to realize that the controversy is decided, for he contents himself simply with a description of the power, wisdom and majesty of God, closing with the sentiment expressed before concerning the comparative impurity and insignificance of man. Bildad has, in fact, yielded the argument and retires from the field.
Job speaks in chapter 26 in a strain of irony. His friends have not enlightened him very much. His own views of the greatness of God are superior to those of Bildad. Notice the sublime description of the divine majesty which follows.
Zophar should have replied, but his lips are closed, and Job himself proceeds more calmly in chapters 27 to 31. Once more he refers to the government of God, giving, as Barnes expresses it, "a most beautiful description of the search for wisdom, detailing the discoveries of science in his time, and saying that none of them could disclose it, and concluding that true wisdom can only be found in the fear of the Lord. Once more he maintains his integrity, and concludes that if God would come forth and pronounce a just judgment on him, he would take the decision and bind it on his head as a diadem, and march forth with it in triumph."
【욥31:1 MHCC】Job did not speak the things here recorded by way of boasting, but in answer to the charge of hypocrisy. He understood the spiritual nature of God's commandments, as reaching to the thoughts and intents of the heart. It is best to let our actions speak for us; but in some cases we owe it to ourselves and to the cause of God, solemnly to protest our innocence of the crimes of which we are falsely accused. The lusts of the flesh, and the love of the world, are two fatal rocks on which multitudes split; against these Job protests he was always careful to stand upon his guard. And God takes more exact notice of us than we do of ourselves; let us therefore walk circumspectly. He carefully avoided all sinful means of getting wealth. He dreaded all forbidden profit as much as all forbidden pleasure. What we have in the world may be used with comfort, or lost with comfort, if honestly gotten. Without strict honestly and faithfulness in all our dealings, we can have no good evidence of true godliness. Yet how many professors are unable to abide this touchstone!
【욥31:2 JFB】2. Had I let my senses tempt me to sin, "what portion (would there have been to me, that is, must I have expected) from (literally, of) God above, and what inheritance from (literally, of) the Almighty," &c. [Maurer] (욥20:29; 27:13).
【욥31:3 JFB】3. Answer to the question in 욥31:2.
strange—extraordinary.
【욥31:4 JFB】4. Doth not he see? &c.—Knowing this, I could only have expected "destruction" (욥31:3), had I committed this sin (잠5:21).
【욥31:5 JFB】5. Job's abstinence from evil deeds.
vanity—that is, falsehood (시12:2).
【욥31:6 JFB】6. Parenthetical. Translate: "Oh, that God would weigh me … then would He know," &c.
【욥31:7 JFB】7. Connected with 욥31:6.
the way—of God (욥23:11; 렘5:5). A godly life.
heart … after … eyes—if my heart coveted, what my eyes beheld (전11:9; 수7:21).
hands—(시24:4).
【욥31:8 JFB】8. Apodosis to 욥31:5, 7; the curses which he imprecates on himself, if he had done these things (레26:16; 암9:14; 시128:2).
offspring—rather, "what I plant," my harvests.
【욥31:9 JFB】9-12. Job asserts his innocence of adultery.
deceived—hath let itself be seduced (잠7:8; 창39:7-12).
laid wait—until the husband went out.
【욥31:9 MHCC】All the defilements of the life come from a deceived heart. Lust is a fire in the soul: those that indulge it, are said to burn. It consumes all that is good there, and lays the conscience waste. It kindles the fire of God's wrath, which, if not quenched by the blood of Christ, will consume even to eternal destruction. It consumes the body; it consumes the substance. Burning lusts bring burning judgments. Job had a numerous household, and he managed it well. He considered that he had a Master in heaven; and as we are undone if God should be severe with us, we ought to be mild and gentle towards all with whom we have to do.
【욥31:10 JFB】10. grind—turn the handmill. Be the most abject slave and concubine (사47:2; 삼하12:11).
【욥31:11 JFB】11. In the earliest times punished with death (창38:24). So in later times (신22:22). Heretofore he had spoken only of sins against conscience; now, one against the community, needing the cognizance of the judge.
【욥31:12 JFB】12. (잠6:27-35; 8:6-23, 26, 27). No crime more provokes God to send destruction as a consuming fire; none so desolates the soul.
【욥31:13 JFB】13-23. Job affirms his freedom from unfairness towards his servants, from harshness and oppression towards the needy.
despise the cause—refused to do them justice.
【욥31:14 JFB】14, 15. Parenthetical; the reason why Job did not despise the cause of his servants. Translate: What then (had I done so) could I have done, when God arose (to call me to account); and when He visited (came to enquire), what could I have answered Him?
【욥31:15 JFB】15. Slaveholders try to defend themselves by maintaining the original inferiority of the slave. But 말2:10; 행17:26; 엡6:9 make the common origin of masters and servants the argument for brotherly love being shown by the former to the latter.
【욥31:16 JFB】16. fail—in the vain expectation of relief (욥11:20).
【욥31:16 MHCC】Job's conscience gave testimony concerning his just and charitable behaviour toward the poor. He is most large upon this head, because in this matter he was particularly accused. He was tender of all, and hurtful to none. Notice the principles by which Job was restrained from being uncharitable and unmerciful. He stood in awe of the Lord, as certainly against him, if he should wrong the poor. Regard to worldly interests may restrain a man from actual crimes; but the grace of God alone can make him hate, dread, and shun sinful thoughts and desires.
【욥31:17 JFB】17. Arabian rules of hospitality require the stranger to be helped first, and to the best.
【욥31:18 JFB】18. Parenthetical: asserting that he did the contrary to the things in 욥31:16, 17.
he—the orphan.
guided her—namely, the widow, by advice and protection. On this and "a father," see 욥29:16.
【욥31:19 JFB】19. perish—that is, ready to perish (욥29:13).
【욥31:20 JFB】20. loins—The parts of the body benefited by Job are poetically described as thanking him; the loins before naked, when clad by me, wished me every blessing.
【욥31:21 JFB】21. when—that is, "because."
I saw—that I might calculate on the "help" of a powerful party in the court of justice—("gate"), if I should be summoned by the injured fatherless.
【욥31:22 JFB】22. Apodosis to 욥31:13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21. If I had done those crimes, I should have made a bad use of my influence ("my arm," figuratively, 욥31:21): therefore, if I have done them let my arm (literally) suffer. Job alludes to Eliphaz' charge (욥22:9). The first "arm" is rather the shoulder. The second "arm" is the forearm.
from the bone—literally, "a reed"; hence the upper arm, above the elbow.
【욥31:23 JFB】23. For—that is, the reason why Job guarded against such sins. Fear of God, though he could escape man's judgment (창39:9). Umbreit more spiritedly translates, Yea, destruction and terror from God might have befallen me (had I done so): mere fear not being the motive.
highness—majestic might.
endure—I could have availed nothing against it.
【욥31:24 JFB】24, 25. Job asserts his freedom from trust in money (딤전6:17). Here he turns to his duty towards God, as before he had spoken of his duty towards himself and his neighbor. Covetousness is covert idolatry, as it transfers the heart from the Creator to the creature (골3:5). In 욥31:26, 27 he passes to overt idolatry.
【욥31:24 MHCC】Job protests, 1. That he never set his heart upon the wealth of this world. How few prosperous professors can appeal to the Lord, that they have not rejoiced because their gains were great! Through the determination to be rich, numbers ruin their souls, or pierce themselves with many sorrows. 2. He never was guilty of idolatry. The source of idolatry is in the heart, and it corrupts men, and provokes God to send judgments upon a nation. 3. He neither desired nor delighted in the hurt of the worst enemy he had. If others bear malice to us, that will not justify us in bearing malice to them. 4. He had never been unkind to strangers. Hospitality is a Christian duty, 벧전4:9.
【욥31:26 JFB】26. If I looked unto the sun (as an object of worship) because he shined; or to the moon because she walked, &c. Sabaism (from tsaba, "the heavenly hosts") was the earliest form of false worship. God is hence called in contradistinction, "Lord of Sabaoth." The sun, moon, and stars, the brightest objects in nature, and seen everywhere, were supposed to be visible representatives of the invisible God. They had no temples, but were worshipped on high places and roofs of houses (겔8:16; 신4:19; 왕하23:5, 11). The Hebrew here for "sun" is light. Probably light was worshipped as the emanation from God, before its embodiments, the sun, &c. This worship prevailed in Chaldea; wherefore Job's exemption from the idolatry of his neighbors was the more exemplary. Our "Sun-day," "Mon-day," or Moon-day, bear traces of Sabaism.
【욥31:27 JFB】27. enticed—away from God to idolatry.
kissed … hand—"adoration," literally means this. In worshipping they used to kiss the hand, and then throw the kiss, as it were, towards the object of worship (왕상19:18; 호13:2).
【욥31:28 JFB】28. The Mosaic law embodied subsequently the feeling of the godly from the earliest times against idolatry, as deserving judicial penalties: being treason against the Supreme King (신13:9; 17:2-7; 겔8:14-18). This passage therefore does not prove Job to have been subsequent to Moses.
【욥31:29 JFB】29. lifted up myself—in malicious triumph (잠17:5; 24:17; 시7:4).
【욥31:30 JFB】30. mouth—literally, "palate." (See on 욥6:30).
wishing—literally, "so as to demand his (my enemy's) soul," that is, "life by a curse." This verse parenthetically confirms 욥31:30. Job in the patriarchal age of the promise, anterior to the law, realizes the Gospel spirit, which was the end of the law (compare 레19:18; 신23:6, with 마5:43, 44).
【욥31:31 JFB】31. That is, Job's household said, Oh, that we had Job's enemy to devour, we cannot rest satisfied till we have! But Job refrained from even wishing revenge (삼상26:8; 삼하16:9, 10). So Jesus Christ (Lu 9:54, 55). But, better (see 욥31:32), translated, "Who can show (literally, give) the man who was not satisfied with the flesh (meat) provided by Job?" He never let a poor man leave his gate without giving him enough to eat.
【욥31:32 JFB】32. traveller—literally, "way," that is, wayfarers; so expressed to include all of every kind (삼하12:4).
【욥31:33 JFB】33. Adam—translated by Umbreit, "as men do" (호6:7, where see Margin). But English Version is more natural. The very same word for "hiding" is used in 창3:8, 10, of Adam hiding himself from God. Job elsewhere alludes to the flood. So he might easily know of the fall, through the two links which connect Adam and Abraham (about Job's time), namely, Methuselah and Shem. Adam is representative of fallen man's propensity to concealment (잠28:13). It was from God that Job did not "hide his iniquity in his bosom," as on the contrary it was from God that "Adam" hid in his lurking-place. This disproves the translation, "as men"; for it is from their fellow men that "men" are chiefly anxious to hide their real character as guilty. Magee, to make the comparison with Adam more exact, for my "bosom" translates, "lurking-place."
【욥31:33 MHCC】Job clears himself from the charge of hypocrisy. We are loth to confess our faults, willing to excuse them, and to lay the blame upon others. But he that thus covers his sins, shall not prosper, 잠28:13. He speaks of his courage in what is good, as an evidence of his sincerity in it. When men get estates unjustly, they are justly deprived of comfort from them; it was sown wheat, but shall come up thistles. What men do not come honestly by, will never do them any good. The words of Job are ended. They end with a bold assertion, that, with respect to accusation against his moral and religious character as the cause for his sufferings, he could appeal to God. But, however confident Job was, we shall see he was mistaken, chap. 40:4, 5; 요일1:8. Let us all judge ourselves; wherein we are guilty, let us seek forgiveness in that blood which cleanseth from all sin; and may the Lord have mercy upon us, and write his laws in our hearts!
【욥31:34 JFB】34. Rather, the apodosis to 욥31:33, "Then let me be fear-stricken before a great multitude, let the contempt, &c., let me keep silence (the greatest disgrace to a patriot, heretofore so prominent in assemblies), and not go out," &c. A just retribution that he who hides his sin from God, should have it exposed before man (삼하12:12). But Job had not been so exposed, but on the contrary was esteemed in the assemblies of the "tribes"—("families"); a proof, he implies, that God does not hold him guilty of hiding sin (욥24:16, contrast with 욥29:21-25).
【욥31:35 JFB】35. Job returns to his wish (욥13:22; 19:23). Omit "is"; "Behold my sign," that is, my mark of subscription to the statements just given in my defense: the mark of signature was originally a cross; and hence the letter Tau or T. Translate, also "Oh, that the Almighty," &c. He marks "God" as the "One" meant in the first clause.
adversary—that is, he who contends with me, refers also to God. The vagueness is designed to express "whoever it be that judicially opposes me"—the Almighty if it be He.
had written a book—rather, "would write down his charge."
【욥31:36 JFB】36. So far from hiding the adversary's "answer" or "charge" through fear,
I would take it on my shoulders—as a public honor (사9:6).
a crown—not a mark of shame, but of distinction (사62:3).
【욥31:37 JFB】37. A good conscience imparts a princely dignity before man and free assurance in approaching God. This can be realized, not in Job's way (욥42:5, 6); but only through Jesus Christ (히10:22).
【욥31:38 JFB】38. Personification. The complaints of the unjustly ousted proprietors are transferred to the lands themselves (욥31:20; 창4:10; 합2:11). If I have unjustly acquired lands (욥24:2; 사5:8).
furrows—The specification of these makes it likely, he implies in this, "If I paid not the laborer for tillage"; as 욥31:39, "If I paid him not for gathering in the fruits." Thus of the four clauses in 욥31:38, 39, the first refers to the same subject as the fourth, the second is connected with the third by introverted parallelism. Compare 약5:4, which plainly alludes to this passage: compare "Lord of Sabaoth" with 욥31:26 here.
【욥31:39 JFB】39. lose … life—not literally, but "harassed to death"; until he gave me up his land gratis [Maurer]; as in 유16:16; "suffered him to languish" by taking away his means of living [Umbreit] (왕상21:19).
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.