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■ 욥기 30장
1. 그러나 이제는 나보다 젊은 자들이 나를 기롱하는구나 그들의 아비들은 나의 보기에 나의 양떼 지키는 개 중에도 둘만하지 못한 자니라
But now they that are younger than I have me in derision , whose fathers I would have disdained to have set with the dogs of my flock .
2. 그들은 장년의 기력이 쇠한 자니 그 손의 힘이 내게 무엇이 유익하랴
Yea, whereto might the strength of their hands profit me, in whom old age was perished ?
3. 그들은 곧 궁핍과 기근으로 파리하매 캄캄하고 거친 들에서 마른 흙을 씹으며
For want and famine they were solitary ; fleeing into the wilderness in former time desolate and waste .
4. 떨기나무 가운데서 짠 나물도 꺾으며 대싸리 뿌리로 식물을 삼느니라
Who cut up mallows by the bushes , and juniper roots for their meat .
5. 무리는 도적을 외침 같이 그들에게 소리지름으로 그들은 사람 가운데서 쫓겨나서
They were driven forth from among men, ( they cried after them as after a thief ;)
6. 침침한 골짜기와 구덩이와 바위 구멍에서 살며
To dwell in the clifts of the valleys , in caves of the earth , and in the rocks .
7. 떨기나무 가운데서 나귀처럼 부르짖으며 가시나무 아래 모여 있느니라
Among the bushes they brayed ; under the nettles they were gathered together .
8. 그들은 본래 미련한 자의 자식이요 비천한 자의 자식으로서 고토에서 쫓겨난 자니라
They were children of fools , yea, children of base men : they were viler than the earth .
9. 이제는 내가 그들의 노래가 되며 그들의 조롱거리가 되었고
And now am I their song , yea, I am their byword .
10. 그들은 나를 미워하여 멀리하고 내 얼굴에 침 뱉기를 주저하지 아니하나니
They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face .
11. 이는 하나님이 내 줄을 늘어지게 하시고 나를 곤고케 하시매 무리가 내 앞에서 굴레를 벗었음이니라
Because he hath loosed my cord , and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me.
12. 그 낮은 무리가 내 우편에서 일어나 내 발을 밀뜨리고 나를 대적하여 멸망시킬 길을 쌓으며
Upon my right hand rise the youth ; they push away my feet , and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction .
13. 도울 자 없는 그들이 내 길을 헐고 내 재앙을 재촉하는구나
They mar my path , they set forward my calamity , they have no helper .
14. 성을 크게 파괴하고 그 파괴한 가운데로 몰려 들어오는 것 같이 그들이 내게로 달려드니
They came upon me as a wide breaking in of waters: in the desolation they rolled themselves upon me.
15. 놀람이 내게 임하는구나 그들이 내 영광을 바람 같이 모니 내 복록이 구름 같이 지나갔구나
Terrors are turned upon me: they pursue my soul as the wind : and my welfare passeth away as a cloud .
16. 이제는 내 마음이 내 속에서 녹으니 환난날이 나를 잡음이라
And now my soul is poured out upon me; the days of affliction have taken hold upon me.
17. 밤이 되면 내 뼈가 쑤시니 나의 몸에 아픔이 쉬지 아니하는구나
My bones are pierced in me in the night season : and my sinews take no rest .
18. 하나님의 큰 능력으로 하여 옷이 추하여져서 옷깃처럼 내몸에 붙었구나
By the great force of my disease is my garment changed : it bindeth me about as the collar of my coat .
19. 하나님이 나를 진흙 가운데 던지셨고 나로 티끌과 재 같게 하셨구나
He hath cast me into the mire , and I am become like dust and ashes .
20. 내가 주께 부르짖으오나 주께서 대답지 아니하시오며 내가 섰사오나 주께서 굽어보시기만 하시나이다
I cry unto thee, and thou dost not hear me: I stand up , and thou regardest me not.
21. 주께서 돌이켜 내게 잔혹히 하시고 완력으로 나를 핍박하시오며
Thou art become cruel to me: with thy strong hand thou opposest thyself against me.
22. 나를 바람 위에 들어 얹어 불려가게 하시며 대풍 중에 소멸케 하시나이다
Thou liftest me up to the wind ; thou causest me to ride upon it, and dissolvest my substance .
23. 내가 아나이다 주께서 나를 죽게 하사 모든 생물을 위하여 정한 집으로 끌어 가시리이다
For I know that thou wilt bring me to death , and to the house appointed for all living .
24. 그러나 사람이 넘어질 때에 어찌 손을 펴지 아니하며 재앙을 당할 때에 어찌 도움을 부르짖지 아니하겠는가
Howbeit he will not stretch out his hand to the grave , though they cry in his destruction .
25. 고생의 날 보내는 자를 위하여 내가 울지 아니하였는가 빈궁한 자를 위하여 내 마음에 근심하지 아니하였는가
Did not I weep for him that was in trouble ? was not my soul grieved for the poor ?
26. 내가 복을 바랐더니 화가 왔고 광명을 기다렸더니 흑암이 왔구나
When I looked for good , then evil came unto me: and when I waited for light , there came darkness .
27. 내 마음이 어지러워서 쉬지 못하는구나 환난 날이 내게 임하였구나
My bowels boiled , and rested not: the days of affliction prevented me.
28. 나는 햇볕에 쬐지 않고 검어진 살을 가지고 걸으며 공회 중에 서서 도움을 부르짖고 있느니라
I went mourning without the sun : I stood up , and I cried in the congregation .
29. 나는 이리의 형제요 타조의 벗이로구나
I am a brother to dragons , and a companion to owls .
30. 내 가죽은 검어져서 떨어졌고 내 뼈는 열기로 하여 탔구나
My skin is black upon me, and my bones are burned with heat .
31. 내 수금은 애곡성이 되고 내 피리는 애통성이 되었구나
My harp also is turned to mourning , and my organ into the voice of them that weep .
■ 주석 보기
【욥30:1 JFB】욥30:1-31.
1. younger—not the three friends (욥15:10; 32:4, 6, 7). A general description: 욥30:1-8, the lowness of the persons who derided him; 욥30:9-15, the derision itself. Formerly old men rose to me (욥29:8). Now not only my juniors, who are bound to reverence me (레19:32), but even the mean and base-born actually deride me; opposed to, "smiled upon" (욥29:24). This goes farther than even the "mockery" of Job by relations and friends (욥12:4; 16:10, 20; 17:2, 6; 19:22). Orientals feel keenly any indignity shown by the young. Job speaks as a rich Arabian emir, proud of his descent.
dogs—regarded with disgust in the East as unclean (삼상17:43; 잠26:11). They are not allowed to enter a house, but run about wild in the open air, living on offal and chance morsels (시59:14, 15). Here again we are reminded of Jesus Christ (시22:16). "Their fathers, my coevals, were so mean and famished that I would not have associated them with (not to say, set them over) my dogs in guarding my flock."
【욥30:1 CWC】[THIRD SERIES OF THE DEBATE]
(1) With Eliphaz, 22-24.
(a) Speech of Eliphaz, 22.
(b) Reply of Job, 23, 24.
(2) With Bildad, 25, 26.
(a) Speech of Bildad, 2$.
(b) Reply of Job, 26.
(3) With Zophar, 27-31.
(a) * * * * * *
(b) Continuation of the reply of Job, 27-31.
The last speech Eliphaz makes, chapter 22, is a grand effort to refute Job based upon the latter's appeal to facts. There is more severity in it than he has shown before. He charges Job with cruelty, oppression and injustice as a magistrate. Therefore, no wonder such calamities had come upon him. Using the deluge as an illustration, he shows how God must deal with the wicked according to their deserts. Job is exhorted to acquaint himself with God and be at peace with Him, and all might yet be well.
Job replies pathetically. He has no human help, but turns to God. O, that he might come before Him! He cannot seem to find Him, yet he has confidence in Him. His own integrity is once more asserted. It was not true that God always dealt with men on earth in accordance with their character. The wicked often have long prosperity, though he admits they will ultimately be cut off.
Bildad attempts a reply in chapter 25, and yet he seems to realize that the controversy is decided, for he contents himself simply with a description of the power, wisdom and majesty of God, closing with the sentiment expressed before concerning the comparative impurity and insignificance of man. Bildad has, in fact, yielded the argument and retires from the field.
Job speaks in chapter 26 in a strain of irony. His friends have not enlightened him very much. His own views of the greatness of God are superior to those of Bildad. Notice the sublime description of the divine majesty which follows.
Zophar should have replied, but his lips are closed, and Job himself proceeds more calmly in chapters 27 to 31. Once more he refers to the government of God, giving, as Barnes expresses it, "a most beautiful description of the search for wisdom, detailing the discoveries of science in his time, and saying that none of them could disclose it, and concluding that true wisdom can only be found in the fear of the Lord. Once more he maintains his integrity, and concludes that if God would come forth and pronounce a just judgment on him, he would take the decision and bind it on his head as a diadem, and march forth with it in triumph."
【욥30:1 MHCC】Job contrasts his present condition with his former honour and authority. What little cause have men to be ambitious or proud of that which may be so easily lost, and what little confidence is to be put in it! We should not be cast down if we are despised, reviled, and hated by wicked men. We should look to Jesus, who endured the contradiction of sinners.
【욥30:2 JFB】2. If their fathers could be of no profit to me, much less the sons, who are feebler than their sires; and in whose case the hope of attaining old age is utterly gone, so puny are they (욥5:26) [Maurer]. Even if they had "strength of hands," that could be now of no use to me, as all I want in my present affliction is sympathy.
【욥30:3 JFB】3. solitary—literally, "hard as a rock"; so translate, rather, "dried up," emaciated with hunger. Job describes the rudest race of Bedouins of the desert [Umbreit].
fleeing—So the Septuagint. Better, as Syriac, Arabic, and Vulgate, "gnawers of the wilderness." What they gnaw follows in 욥30:4.
in former time—literally, the "yesternight of desolation and waste" (the most utter desolation; 겔6:14); that is, those deserts frightful as night to man, and even there from time immemorial. I think both ideas are in the words darkness [Gesenius] and antiquity [Umbreit]. (사30:33, Margin).
【욥30:4 JFB】4. mallows—rather, "salt-wort," which grows in deserts and is eaten as a salad by the poor [Maurer].
by the bushes—among the bushes.
juniper—rather, a kind of broom, Spartium junceum [Linnæus], still called in Arabia, as in the Hebrew of Job, retem, of which the bitter roots are eaten by the poor.
【욥30:5 JFB】5. they cried—that is, "a cry is raised." Expressing the contempt felt for this race by civilized and well-born Arabs. When these wild vagabonds make an incursion on villages, they are driven away, as thieves would be.
【욥30:6 JFB】6. They are forced "to dwell."
cliffs of the valleys—rather, "in the gloomy valleys"; literally, "in the gloom of the valleys," or wadies. To dwell in valleys is, in the East, a mark of wretchedness. The troglodytes, in parts of Arabia, lived in such dwellings as caves.
【욥30:7 JFB】7. brayed—like the wild ass (욥6:5 for food). The inarticulate tones of this uncivilized rabble are but little above those of the beast of the field.
gathered together—rather, sprinkled here and there. Literally, "poured out," graphically picturing their disorderly mode of encampment, lying up and down behind the thorn bushes.
nettles—or brambles [Umbreit].
【욥30:8 JFB】8. fools—that is, the impious and abandoned (삼상25:25).
base—nameless, low-born rabble.
viler than, &c.—rather, they were driven or beaten out of the land. The Horites in Mount Seir (창14:6 with which compare 창36:20, 21; 신2:12, 22) were probably the aborigines, driven out by the tribe to which Job's ancestors belonged; their name means troglodytæ, or "dwellers in caves." To these Job alludes here (욥30:1-8, and 창24:4-8, which compare together).
【욥30:9 JFB】9. (욥17:6). Strikingly similar to the derision Jesus Christ underwent (애3:14; 시69:12). Here Job returns to the sentiment in 욥30:1. It is to such I am become a song of "derision."
【욥30:10 JFB】10. in my face—rather, refrain not to spit in deliberate contempt before my face. To spit at all in presence of another is thought in the East insulting, much more so when done to mark "abhorrence." Compare the further insult to Jesus Christ (사50:6; 마26:67).
【욥30:11 JFB】11. He—that is, "God"; antithetical to "they"; English Version here follows the marginal reading (Keri).
my cord—image from a bow unstrung; opposed to 욥29:20. The text (Chetib), "His cord" or "reins" is better; "yea, each lets loose his reins" [Umbreit].
【욥30:12 JFB】12. youth—rather, a (low) brood. To rise on the right hand is to accuse, as that was the position of the accuser in court (Z전3:1; 시109:6).
push … feet—jostle me out of the way (욥24:4).
ways of—that is, their ways of (that is, with a view to my) destruction. Image, as in 욥19:12, from a besieging army throwing up a way of approach for itself to a city.
【욥30:13 JFB】13. Image of an assailed fortress continued. They tear up the path by which succor might reach me.
set forward—(Z전1:15).
they have no helper—Arabic proverb for contemptible persons. Yet even such afflict Job.
【욥30:14 JFB】14. waters—(So 삼하5:20). But it is better to retain the image of 욥30:12, 13. "They came [upon me] as through a wide breach," namely, made by the besiegers in the wall of a fortress (사30:13) [Maurer].
in the desolation—"Amidst the crash" of falling masonry, or "with a shout like the crash" of, &c.
【욥30:15 JFB】15. they—terrors.
soul—rather, "my dignity" [Umbreit].
welfare—prosperity.
cloud—(욥7:9; 사44:22).
【욥30:15 MHCC】Job complains a great deal. Harbouring hard thoughts of God was the sin which did, at this time, most easily beset Job. When inward temptations join with outward calamities, the soul is hurried as in a tempest, and is filled with confusion. But woe be to those who really have God for an enemy! Compared with the awful state of ungodly men, what are all outward, or even inward temporal afflictions? There is something with which Job comforts himself, yet it is but a little. He foresees that death will be the end of all his troubles. God's wrath might bring him to death; but his soul would be safe and happy in the world of spirits. If none pity us, yet our God, who corrects, pities us, even as a father pitieth his own children. And let us look more to the things of eternity: then the believer will cease from mourning, and joyfully praise redeeming love.
【욥30:16 JFB】16-23. Job's outward calamities affect his mind.
poured out—in irrepressible complaints (시42:4; 수7:5).
【욥30:17 JFB】17. In the Hebrew, night is poetically personified, as in 욥3:3: "night pierceth my bones (so that they fall) from me" (not as English Version, "in me"; see 욥30:30).
sinews—so the Arabic, "veins," akin to the Hebrew; rather, "gnawers" (see on 욥30:3), namely, my gnawing pains never cease. Effects of elephantiasis.
【욥30:18 JFB】18. of my disease—rather, "of God" (욥23:6).
garment changed—from a robe of honor to one of mourning, literally (욥2:8; 요3:6) and metaphorically [Umbreit]. Or rather, as Schuttens, following up 욥30:17, My outer garment is changed into affliction; that is, affliction has become my outer garment; it also bindeth me fast round (my throat) as the collar of the inner coat; that is, it is both my inner and outer garment. Observe the distinction between the inner and outer garments. The latter refers to his afflictions from without (욥30:1-13); the former his personal afflictions (욥30:14-23). Umbreit makes "God" subject to "bindeth," as in 욥30:19.
【욥30:19 JFB】19. God is poetically said to do that which the mourner had done to himself (욥2:8). With lying in the ashes he had become, like them, in dirty color.
【욥30:20 JFB】20. stand up—the reverential attitude of a suppliant before a king (왕상8:14; Lu 18:11-13).
not—supplied from the first clause. But the intervening affirmative "stand" makes this ellipsis unlikely. Rather, as in 욥16:9 (not only dost thou refuse aid to me "standing" as a suppliant, but), thou dost regard me with a frown: eye me sternly.
【욥30:22 JFB】22. liftest … to wind—as a "leaf" or "stubble" (욥13:25). The moving pillars of sand, raised by the wind to the clouds, as described by travellers, would happily depict Job's agitated spirit, if it be to them that he alludes.
dissolvest … substance—The marginal Hebrew reading (Keri), "my wealth," or else "wisdom," that is, sense and spirit, or "my hope of deliverance." But the text (Chetib) is better: Thou dissolvest me (with fear, 출15:15) in the crash (of the whirlwind; see on 욥30:14) [Maurer]. Umbreit translates as a verb, "Thou terrifiest me."
【욥30:23 JFB】23. This shows 욥19:25 cannot be restricted to Job's hope of a temporal deliverance.
death—as in 욥28:22, the realm of the dead (히9:27; 창3:19).
【욥30:24 JFB】24. Expressing Job's faith as to the state after death. Though one must go to the grave, yet He will no more afflict in the ruin of the body (so Hebrew for "grave") there, if one has cried to Him when being destroyed. The "stretching of His hand" to punish after death answers antithetically to the raising "the cry" of prayer in the second clause. Maurer gives another translation which accords with the scope of 욥30:24-31; if it be natural for one in affliction to ask aid, why should it be considered (by the friends) wrong in my case? "Nevertheless does not a man in ruin stretch out his hand" (imploring help, 욥30:20; 애1:17)? If one be in his calamity (destruction) is there not therefore a "cry" (for aid)? Thus in the parallelism "cry" answers to "stretch—hand"; "in his calamity," to "in ruin." The negative of the first clause is to be supplied in the second, as in 욥30:25 (욥28:17).
【욥30:25 JFB】25. May I not be allowed to complain of my calamity, and beg relief, seeing that I myself sympathized with those "in trouble" (literally, "hard of day"; those who had a hard time of it).
【욥30:26 JFB】26. I may be allowed to crave help, seeing that, "when I looked for good (on account of my piety and charity), yet evil," &c.
light—(욥22:28).
【욥30:27 JFB】27. bowels—regarded as the seat of deep feeling (사16:11).
boiled—violently heated and agitated.
prevented—Old English for "unexpectedly came upon" me, "surprised" me.
【욥30:28 JFB】28. mourning—rather, I move about blackened, though not by the sun; that is, whereas many are blackened by the sun, I am, by the heat of God's wrath (so "boiled," 욥30:27); the elephantiasis covering me with blackness of skin (욥30:30), as with the garb of mourning (렘14:2). This striking enigmatic form of Hebrew expression occurs, 사29:9.
stood up—as an innocent man crying for justice in an assembled court (욥30:20).
【욥30:29 JFB】29. dragons … owls—rather, "jackals," "ostriches," both of which utter dismal screams (미1:8); in which respect, as also in their living amidst solitudes (the emblem of desolation), Job is their brother and companion; that is, resembles them. "Dragon," Hebrew, tannim, usually means the crocodile; so perhaps here, its open jaws lifted towards heaven, and its noise making it seem as if it mourned over its fate [Bochart].
【욥30:30 JFB】30. upon me—rather, as in 욥30:17 (see on 욥30:17), "my skin is black (and falls away) from me."
my bones—(욥19:20; 시102:5).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.