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■ 욥기 24장
1. 어찌하여 전능자가 시기를 정하지 아니하셨는고 어찌하여 그를 아는 자들이 그의 날을 보지 못하는고
Why, seeing times are not hidden from the Almighty , do they that know him not see his days ?
2. 어떤 사람은 지계표를 옮기며 양떼를 빼앗아 기르며
Some remove the landmarks ; they violently take away flocks , and feed thereof.
3. 고아의 나귀를 몰아 가며 과부의 소를 볼모 잡으며
They drive away the ass of the fatherless , they take the widow’s ox for a pledge .
4. 빈궁한 자를 길에서 몰아 내나니 세상에 가난한 자가 다 스스로 숨는구나
They turn the needy out of the way : the poor of the earth hide themselves together .
5. 그들은 거친 땅의 들나귀 같아서 나가서 일하며 먹을 것을 부지런히 구하니 광야가 그 자식을 위하여 그에게 식물을 내는구나
Behold, as wild asses in the desert , go they forth to their work ; rising betimes for a prey : the wilderness yieldeth food for them and for their children .
6. 밭에서 남의 곡식을 베며 악인의 남겨 둔 포도를 따며
They reap every one his corn in the field : and they gather the vintage of the wicked .
7. 의복이 없어 벗은 몸으로 밤을 지내며 추위에 덮을 것이 없으며
They cause the naked to lodge without clothing , that they have no covering in the cold .
8. 산 중 소나기에 젖으며 가리울 것이 없어 바위를 안고 있느니라
They are wet with the showers of the mountains , and embrace the rock for want of a shelter .
9. 어떤 사람은 고아를 어미 품에서 빼앗으며 가난한 자의 옷을 볼모 잡으므로
They pluck the fatherless from the breast , and take a pledge of the poor .
10. 그들이 옷이 없어 벌거벗고 다니며 주리면서 곡식 단을 메며
They cause him to go naked without clothing , and they take away the sheaf from the hungry ;
11. 그 사람의 담 안에서 기름을 짜며 목말라하면서 술 틀을 밟느니라
Which make oil within their walls , and tread their winepresses , and suffer thirst .
12. 인구 많은 성 중에서 사람들이 신음하며 상한 자가 부르짖으나 하나님이 그 불의를 보지 아니하시느니라
Men groan from out of the city , and the soul of the wounded crieth out : yet God layeth not folly to them.
13. 또 광명을 배반하는 사람들은 이러하니 그들은 광명의 길을 알지 못하며 그 첩경에 머물지 아니하는 자라
They are of those that rebel against the light ; they know not the ways thereof, nor abide in the paths thereof.
14. 사람을 죽이는 자는 새벽에 일어나서 가난한 자나 빈궁한 자를 죽이고 밤에는 도적 같이 되며
The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy , and in the night is as a thief .
15. 간음하는 자의 눈은 저물기를 바라며 아무 눈도 나를 보지 못하리라 하고 얼굴을 변장하며
The eye also of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight , saying , No eye shall see me: and disguiseth his face .
16. 밤에 집을 뚫는 자는 낮에는 문을 닫고 있은즉 광명을 알지 못하나니
In the dark they dig through houses , which they had marked for themselves in the daytime : they know not the light .
17. 그들은 다 아침을 흑암 같이 여기니 흑암의 두려움을 앎이니라
For the morning is to them even as the shadow of death : if one know them, they are in the terrors of the shadow of death .
18. 그들은 물 위에 빨리 흘러가고 그 산업은 세상에서 저주를 받나니 그들이 다시는 포도원 길로 행치 못할 것이라
He is swift as the waters ; their portion is cursed in the earth : he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards .
19. 가뭄과 더위가 눈 녹은 물을 곧 말리나니 음부가 범죄자에게도 그와 같은 것인즉
Drought and heat consume the snow waters : so doth the grave those which have sinned .
20. 태가 그를 잊어버리고 구더기가 그를 달게 먹을 것이라 그는 기억함을 다시 얻지 못하나니 불의가 나무처럼 꺾이리라
The womb shall forget him; the worm shall feed sweetly on him; he shall be no more remembered ; and wickedness shall be broken as a tree .
21. 그는 잉태치 못하므로 해산치 못한 여인을 학대하며 과부를 선대치 아니하는 자니라
He evil entreateth the barren that beareth not: and doeth not good to the widow .
22. 그러나 하나님이 그 권능으로 강한 자들을 보존시키시니 살기를 바라지 못할 자도 일어나는구나
He draweth also the mighty with his power : he riseth up , and no man is sure of life .
23. 하나님이 그들을 호위하사 평안케 하시나 그 눈은 그들의 길에 있구나
Though it be given him to be in safety , whereon he resteth ; yet his eyes are upon their ways .
24. 그들은 높아져도 잠시간에 없어지나니 낮아져서 범인처럼 제함을 당하고 곡식 이삭 같이 베임을 입느니라
They are exalted for a little while , but are gone and brought low ; they are taken out of the way as all other, and cut off as the tops of the ears of corn .
25. 가령 그렇지 않을지라도 능히 내 말을 거짓되다 지적하거나 내 말이 헛되다 변박할 자 누구랴
And if it be not so now , who will make me a liar , and make my speech nothing worth ?
■ 주석 보기
【욥24:1 JFB】욥24:1-25.
1. Why is it that, seeing that the times of punishment (겔30:3; "time" in the same sense) are not hidden from the Almighty, they who know Him (His true worshippers, 욥18:21) do not see His days (of vengeance; Joe 1:15; 벧후3:10)? Or, with Umbreit less simply, making the parallel clauses more nicely balanced, Why are not times of punishment hoarded up ("laid up"; 욥21:19; appointed) by the Almighty? that is, Why are they not so appointed as that man may now see them? as the second clause shows. Job does not doubt that they are appointed: nay, he asserts it (욥21:30); what he wishes is that God would let all now see that it is so.
【욥24:1 CWC】[THIRD SERIES OF THE DEBATE]
(1) With Eliphaz, 22-24.
(a) Speech of Eliphaz, 22.
(b) Reply of Job, 23, 24.
(2) With Bildad, 25, 26.
(a) Speech of Bildad, 2$.
(b) Reply of Job, 26.
(3) With Zophar, 27-31.
(a) * * * * * *
(b) Continuation of the reply of Job, 27-31.
The last speech Eliphaz makes, chapter 22, is a grand effort to refute Job based upon the latter's appeal to facts. There is more severity in it than he has shown before. He charges Job with cruelty, oppression and injustice as a magistrate. Therefore, no wonder such calamities had come upon him. Using the deluge as an illustration, he shows how God must deal with the wicked according to their deserts. Job is exhorted to acquaint himself with God and be at peace with Him, and all might yet be well.
Job replies pathetically. He has no human help, but turns to God. O, that he might come before Him! He cannot seem to find Him, yet he has confidence in Him. His own integrity is once more asserted. It was not true that God always dealt with men on earth in accordance with their character. The wicked often have long prosperity, though he admits they will ultimately be cut off.
Bildad attempts a reply in chapter 25, and yet he seems to realize that the controversy is decided, for he contents himself simply with a description of the power, wisdom and majesty of God, closing with the sentiment expressed before concerning the comparative impurity and insignificance of man. Bildad has, in fact, yielded the argument and retires from the field.
Job speaks in chapter 26 in a strain of irony. His friends have not enlightened him very much. His own views of the greatness of God are superior to those of Bildad. Notice the sublime description of the divine majesty which follows.
Zophar should have replied, but his lips are closed, and Job himself proceeds more calmly in chapters 27 to 31. Once more he refers to the government of God, giving, as Barnes expresses it, "a most beautiful description of the search for wisdom, detailing the discoveries of science in his time, and saying that none of them could disclose it, and concluding that true wisdom can only be found in the fear of the Lord. Once more he maintains his integrity, and concludes that if God would come forth and pronounce a just judgment on him, he would take the decision and bind it on his head as a diadem, and march forth with it in triumph."
【욥24:1 MHCC】Job discourses further about the prosperity of the wicked. That many live at ease who are ungodly and profane, he had showed, ch. xxi. Here he shows that many who live in open defiance of all the laws of justice, succeed in wicked practices; and we do not see them reckoned with in this world. He notices those that do wrong under pretence of law and authority; and robbers, those that do wrong by force. He says, “God layeth not folly to them;” that is, he does not at once send his judgments, nor make them examples, and so manifest their folly to all the world. But he that gets riches, and not by right, at his end shall be a fool, 렘17:11.
【욥24:2 JFB】2-24. Instances of the wicked doing the worst deeds with seeming impunity (욥24:2-24).
Some—the wicked.
landmarks—boundaries between different pastures (신19:14; 잠22:28).
【욥24:3 JFB】3. pledge—alluding to 욥22:6. Others really do, and with impunity, that which Eliphaz falsely charges the afflicted Job with.
【욥24:4 JFB】4. Literally, they push the poor out of their road in meeting them. Figuratively, they take advantage of them by force and injustice (alluding to the charge of Eliphaz, 욥22:8; 삼상8:3).
poor—in spirit and in circumstances (마5:3).
hide—from the injustice of their oppressors, who have robbed them of their all and driven them into unfrequented places (욥20:19; 30:3-6; 잠28:28).
【욥24:5 JFB】5. wild asses—(욥11:12). So Ishmael is called a "wild ass-man"; Hebrew (창16:12). These Bedouin robbers, with the unbridled wildness of the ass of the desert, go forth thither. Robbery is their lawless "work." The desert, which yields no food to other men, yields food for the robber and his children by the plunder of caravans.
rising betimes—In the East travelling is begun very early, before the heat comes on.
【욥24:6 JFB】6. Like the wild asses (욥24:5) they (these Bedouin robbers) reap (metaphorically) their various grain (so the Hebrew for "corn" means). The wild ass does not let man pile his mixed provender up in a stable (사30:24); so these robbers find their food in the open air, at one time in the desert (욥24:5), at another in the fields.
the vintage of the wicked—Hebrew, "the wicked gather the vintage"; the vintage of robbery, not of honest industry. If we translate "belonging to the wicked," then it will imply that the wicked alone have vineyards, the "pious poor" (욥24:4) have none. "Gather" in Hebrew, is "gather late." As the first clause refers to the early harvest of corn, so the second to the vintage late in autumn.
【욥24:7 JFB】7.Umbreit understands it of the Bedouin robbers, who are quite regardless of the comforts of life, "They pass the night naked, and uncovered," &c. But the allusion to 욥22:6, makes the English Version preferable (see on 욥24:10). Frost is not uncommon at night in those regions (창31:40).
【욥24:8 JFB】8. They—the plundered travellers.
embrace the rock—take refuge under it (애4:5).
【욥24:9 JFB】9. from the breast—of the widowed mother. Kidnapping children for slaves. Here Job passes from wrongs in the desert to those done among the habitations of men.
pledge—namely, the garment of the poor debtor, as 욥24:10 shows.
【욥24:10 JFB】10. (See on 욥22:6). In 욥24:7 a like sin is alluded to: but there he implies open robbery of garments in the desert; here, the more refined robbery in civilized life, under the name of a "pledge." Having stripped the poor, they make them besides labor in their harvest-fields and do not allow them to satisfy their hunger with any of the very corn which they carry to the heap. Worse treatment than that of the ox, according to 신25:4. Translate: "they (the poor laborers) hungering carry the sheaves" [Umbreit].
【욥24:11 JFB】11. Which—"They," the poor, "press the oil within their wall"; namely, not only in the open fields (욥24:10), but also in the wall-enclosed vineyards and olive gardens of the oppressor (사5:5). Yet they are not allowed to quench their "thirst" with the grapes and olives. Here, thirsty;욥24:10, hungry.
【욥24:12 JFB】12. Men—rather, "mortals" (not the common Hebrew for "men"); so the Masoretic vowel points read as English Version. But the vowel points are modern. The true reading is, "The dying," answering to "the wounded" in the next clause, so Syriac. Not merely in the country (욥24:11), but also in the city there are oppressed sufferers, who cry for help in vain. "From out of the city"; that is, they long to get forth and be free outside of it (출1:11; 2:23).
wounded—by the oppressor (겔30:24).
layeth not folly—takes no account of (by punishing) their sin ("folly" in Scripture; 욥1:22). This is the gist of the whole previous list of sins (행17:30). Umbreit with Syriac reads by changing a vowel point, "Regards not their supplication."
【욥24:13 JFB】13. So far as to openly committed sins; now, those done in the dark. Translate: "There are those among them (the wicked) who rebel," &c.
light—both literal and figurative (요3:19, 20; 잠2:13).
paths thereof—places where the light shines.
【욥24:13 MHCC】See what care and pains wicked men take to compass their wicked designs; let it shame our negligence and slothfulness in doing good. See what pains those take, who make provision for the flesh to fulfil the lusts of it: pains to compass, and then to hide that which will end in death and hell at last. Less pains would mortify and crucify the flesh, and be life and heaven at last. Shame came in with sin, and everlasting shame is at the end of it. See the misery of sinners; they are exposed to continual frights: yet see their folly; they are afraid of coming under the eye of men, but have no dread of God's eye, which is always upon them: they are not afraid of doing things which they are afraid of being known to do.
【욥24:14 JFB】14. with the light—at early dawn, while still dark, when the traveller in the East usually sets out, and the poor laborer to his work; the murderous robber lies in wait then (시10:8).
is as a thief—Thieves in the East steal while men sleep at night; robbers murder at early dawn. The same man who steals at night, when light dawns not only robs, but murders to escape detection.
【욥24:15 JFB】15. (잠7:9; 시10:11).
disguiseth—puts a veil on.
【욥24:16 JFB】16. dig through—Houses in the East are generally built of sun-dried mud bricks (so 마6:19). "Thieves break through," literally, "dig through" (겔12:7).
had marked—Rather, as in 욥9:7, "They shut themselves up" (in their houses); literally, "they seal up."
for themselves—for their own ends, namely, to escape detection.
know not—shun.
【욥24:17 JFB】17. They shrink from the "morning" light, as much as other men do from the blackest darkness ("the shadow of death").
if one know—that is, recognize them. Rather, "They know well (are familiar with) the terrors of," &c. [Umbreit]. Or, as Maurer, "They know the terrors of (this) darkness," namely, of morning, the light, which is as terrible to them as darkness ("the shadow of death") is to other men.
【욥24:18 JFB】18-21. In these verses Job quotes the opinions of his adversaries ironically; he quoted them so before (욥21:7-21). In 욥24:22-24, he states his own observation as the opposite. You say, "The sinner is swift, that is, swiftly passes away (as a thing floating) on the surface of the waters" (전11:1; 호10:7).
is cursed—by those who witness their "swift" destruction.
beholdeth not—"turneth not to"; figuratively, for He cannot enjoy his pleasant possessions (욥20:17; 15:33).
the way of the vineyards—including his fields, fertile as vineyards; opposite to "the way of the desert."
【욥24:18 MHCC】Sometimes how gradual is the decay, how quiet the departure of a wicked person, how is he honoured, and how soon are all his cruelties and oppressions forgotten! They are taken off with other men, as the harvestman gathers the ears of corn as they come to hand. There will often appear much to resemble the wrong view of Providence Job takes in this chapter. But we are taught by the word of inspiration, that these notions are formed in ignorance, from partial views. The providence of God, in the affairs of men, is in every thing a just and wise providence. Let us apply this whenever the Lord may try us. He cannot do wrong. The unequalled sorrows of the Son of God when on earth, unless looked at in this view, perplex the mind. But when we behold him, as the sinner's Surety, bearing the curse, we can explain why he should endure that wrath which was due to sin, that Divine justice might be satisfied, and his people saved.
【욥24:19 JFB】19. Arabian image; melted snow, as contrasted with the living fountain, quickly dries up in the sunburnt sand, not leaving a trace behind (욥6:16-18). The Hebrew is terse and elliptical to express the swift and utter destruction of the godless; (so) "the grave—they have sinned!"
【욥24:20 JFB】20. The womb—The very mother that bare him, and who is the last to "forget" the child that sucked her (사49:15), shall dismiss him from her memory (욥18:17; 잠10:7). The worm shall suck, that is, "feed sweetly" on him as a delicate morsel (욥21:33).
wickedness—that is, the wicked; abstract for concrete (as 욥5:16).
as a tree—utterly (욥19:10); Umbreit better, "as a staff." A broken staff is the emblem of irreparable ruin (사14:5; 호4:12).
【욥24:21 JFB】21. The reason given by the friends why the sinner deserves such a fate.
barren—without sons, who might have protected her.
widow—without a husband to support her.
【욥24:22 JFB】22-25. Reply of Job to the opinion of the friends. Experience proves the contrary. Translate: "But He (God) prolongeth the life of (literally, draweth out at length; 시36:10, Margin) the mighty with His (God's) power. He (the wicked) riseth up (from his sick bed) although he had given up hope of (literally, when he no longer believed in) life" (신28:66).
【욥24:23 JFB】23. Literally, "He (God omitted, as often; 욥3:20; 전9:9; reverentially) giveth to him (the wicked, to be) in safety, or security."
yet—Job means, How strange that God should so favor them, and yet have His eyes all the time open to their wicked ways (잠15:3; 시73:4)!
【욥24:24 JFB】24. Job repeats what he said (욥21:13), that sinners die in exalted positions, not the painful and lingering death we might expect, but a quick and easy death. Join "for a while" with "are gone," not as English Version. Translate: "A moment—and they are no more! They are brought low, as all (others) gather up their feet to die" (so the Hebrew of "are taken out of the way"). A natural death (창49:33).
ears of corn—in a ripe and full age, not prematurely (욥5:26).
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