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■ 욥기 22장
1. 데만 사람 엘리바스가 대답하여 가로되
Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered and said ,
2. 사람이 어찌 하나님께 유익하게 하겠느냐 지혜로운 자도 스스로 유익할 따름이니라
Can a man be profitable unto God , as he that is wise may be profitable unto himself?
3. 네가 의로운들 전능자에게 무슨 기쁨이 있겠으며 네 행위가 온전한들 그에게 무슨 이익이 있겠느냐
Is it any pleasure to the Almighty , that thou art righteous ? or is it gain to him, that thou makest thy ways perfect ?
4. 하나님이 너를 책망하시며 너를 심문하심이 너의 경외함을 인함이냐
Will he reprove thee for fear of thee? will he enter with thee into judgment ?
5. 네 악이 크지 아니하냐 네 죄악이 극하니라
Is not thy wickedness great ? and thine iniquities infinite ?
6. 까닭 없이 형제의 물건을 볼모 잡으며 헐벗은 자의 의복을 벗기며
For thou hast taken a pledge from thy brother for nought , and stripped the naked of their clothing .
7. 갈한 자에게 물을 마시우지 아니하며 주린 자에게 식물을 주지 아니하였구나
Thou hast not given water to the weary to drink , and thou hast withholden bread from the hungry .
8. 권세 있는 자가 토지를 얻고 존귀한 자가 거기서 사는구나
But as for the mighty man , he had the earth ; and the honourable man dwelt in it.
9. 네가 과부를 공수로 돌아가게 하며 고아의 팔을 꺾는구나
Thou hast sent widows away empty , and the arms of the fatherless have been broken .
10. 이러므로 올무들이 너를 둘러 있고 두려움이 홀연히 너를 침범하며
Therefore snares are round about thee, and sudden fear troubleth thee;
11. 어두움이 너로 보지 못하게 하고 창수가 너를 덮느니라
Or darkness , that thou canst not see ; and abundance of waters cover thee.
12. 하나님이 높은 하늘에 계시지 아니하냐 보라 별의 높음이 얼마나 높은가
Is not God in the height of heaven ? and behold the height of the stars , how high they are!
13. 그러나 네 말은 하나님이 무엇을 아시며 흑암 중에서 어찌 심판하실 수 있으랴
And thou sayest , How doth God know ? can he judge through the dark cloud ?
14. 빽빽한 구름이 그를 가리운즉 그가 보지 못하시고 궁창으로 걸어다니실 뿐이라 하는구나
Thick clouds are a covering to him, that he seeth not; and he walketh in the circuit of heaven .
15. 네가 악인의 밟던 옛적 길을 지키려느냐
Hast thou marked the old way which wicked men have trodden ?
16. 그들은 때가 이르기 전에 끊어버리웠고 그 터는 하수로 인하여 함몰되었느니라
Which were cut down out of time , whose foundation was overflown with a flood :
17. 그들이 하나님께 말하기를 우리를 떠나소서 하며 또 말하기를 전능자가 우리를 위하여 무엇을 하실 수 있으랴 하였으나
Which said unto God , Depart from us: and what can the Almighty do for them?
18. 하나님이 좋은 것으로 그 집에 채우셨느니라 악인의 계획은 나와 판이하니라
Yet he filled their houses with good things: but the counsel of the wicked is far from me.
19. 의인은 보고 기뻐하고 무죄자는 그들을 비웃기를
The righteous see it, and are glad : and the innocent laugh them to scorn .
20. 우리의 대적이 끊어졌고 그 남은 것이 불사른 바 되었다 하느니라
Whereas our substance is not cut down , but the remnant of them the fire consumeth .
21. 너는 하나님과 화목하고 평안하라 그리하면 복이 네게 임하리라
Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace : thereby good shall come unto thee.
22. 청컨대 너는 그 입에서 교훈을 받고 그 말씀을 네 마음에 두라
Receive , I pray thee, the law from his mouth , and lay up his words in thine heart .
23. 네가 만일 전능자에게로 돌아가고 또 네 장막에서 불의를 멀리 버리면 다시 흥하리라
If thou return to the Almighty , thou shalt be built up , thou shalt put away iniquity far from thy tabernacles .
24. 네 보배를 진토에 버리고 오빌의 금을 강 가의 돌에 버리라
Then shalt thou lay up gold as dust , and the gold of Ophir as the stones of the brooks .
25. 그리하면 전능자가 네 보배가 되시며 네게 귀한 은이 되시리니
Yea, the Almighty shall be thy defence , and thou shalt have plenty of silver .
26. 이에 네가 전능자를 기뻐하여 하나님께로 얼굴을 들 것이라
For then shalt thou have thy delight in the Almighty , and shalt lift up thy face unto God .
27. 너는 그에게 기도하겠고 그는 들으실 것이며 너의 서원한 것을 네가 갚으리라
Thou shalt make thy prayer unto him, and he shall hear thee, and thou shalt pay thy vows .
28. 네가 무엇을 경영하면 이루어질 것이요 네 길에 빛이 비취리라
Thou shalt also decree a thing , and it shall be established unto thee: and the light shall shine upon thy ways .
29. 네가 낮춤을 받거든 높아지리라고 말하라 하나님은 겸손한 자를 구원하시느니라
When men are cast down , then thou shalt say , There is lifting up ; and he shall save the humble person .
30. 무죄한 자가 아니라도 건지시리니 네 손이 깨끗함을 인하여 그런 자가 건지심을 입으리라
He shall deliver the island of the innocent : and it is delivered by the pureness of thine hands .
■ 주석 보기
【욥22:1 JFB】욥22:1-30. As Before, Eliphaz Begins.
1. Eliphaz shows that man's goodness does not add to, or man's badness take from, the happiness of God; therefore it cannot be that God sends prosperity to some and calamities on others for His own advantage; the cause of the goods and ills sent must lie in the men themselves (시16:2; Lu 17:10; 행17:25; 대상29:14). So Job's calamities must arise from guilt. Eliphaz, instead of meeting the facts, tries to show that it could not be so.
【욥22:1 CWC】[THIRD SERIES OF THE DEBATE]
(1) With Eliphaz, 22-24.
(a) Speech of Eliphaz, 22.
(b) Reply of Job, 23, 24.
(2) With Bildad, 25, 26.
(a) Speech of Bildad, 2$.
(b) Reply of Job, 26.
(3) With Zophar, 27-31.
(a) * * * * * *
(b) Continuation of the reply of Job, 27-31.
The last speech Eliphaz makes, chapter 22, is a grand effort to refute Job based upon the latter's appeal to facts. There is more severity in it than he has shown before. He charges Job with cruelty, oppression and injustice as a magistrate. Therefore, no wonder such calamities had come upon him. Using the deluge as an illustration, he shows how God must deal with the wicked according to their deserts. Job is exhorted to acquaint himself with God and be at peace with Him, and all might yet be well.
Job replies pathetically. He has no human help, but turns to God. O, that he might come before Him! He cannot seem to find Him, yet he has confidence in Him. His own integrity is once more asserted. It was not true that God always dealt with men on earth in accordance with their character. The wicked often have long prosperity, though he admits they will ultimately be cut off.
Bildad attempts a reply in chapter 25, and yet he seems to realize that the controversy is decided, for he contents himself simply with a description of the power, wisdom and majesty of God, closing with the sentiment expressed before concerning the comparative impurity and insignificance of man. Bildad has, in fact, yielded the argument and retires from the field.
Job speaks in chapter 26 in a strain of irony. His friends have not enlightened him very much. His own views of the greatness of God are superior to those of Bildad. Notice the sublime description of the divine majesty which follows.
Zophar should have replied, but his lips are closed, and Job himself proceeds more calmly in chapters 27 to 31. Once more he refers to the government of God, giving, as Barnes expresses it, "a most beautiful description of the search for wisdom, detailing the discoveries of science in his time, and saying that none of them could disclose it, and concluding that true wisdom can only be found in the fear of the Lord. Once more he maintains his integrity, and concludes that if God would come forth and pronounce a just judgment on him, he would take the decision and bind it on his head as a diadem, and march forth with it in triumph."
【욥22:1 MHCC】Eliphaz considers that, because Job complained so much of his afflictions, he thought God was unjust in afflicting him; but Job was far from thinking so. What Eliphaz says, is unjustly applied to Job, but it is very true, that when God does us good it is not because he is indebted to us. Man's piety is no profit to God, no gain. The gains of religion to men are infinitely greater than the losses of it. God is a Sovereign, who gives no account of his conduct; but he is perfectly wise, just, faithful, good, and merciful. He approves the likeness of his own holiness, and delights in the fruits of his Spirit; he accepts the thankful services of the humble believer, while he rejects the proud claim of the self-confident.
【욥22:2 JFB】2. as he that is wise—rather, yea the pious man profiteth himself. So "understanding" or "wise"—pious (단12:3, 10; 시14:2) [Michaelis].
【욥22:3 JFB】3. pleasure—accession of happiness; God has pleasure in man's righteousness (시45:7), but He is not dependent on man's character for His happiness.
【욥22:4 JFB】4. Is the punishment inflicted on thee from fear of thee, in order to disarm thee? as Job had implied (see on 욥7:12; 욥7:20; and 욥10:17).
will he enter … into judgment?—Job had desired this (욥13:3, 21). He ought rather to have spoken as in 시143:2.
【욥22:5 JFB】5. Heretofore Eliphaz had only insinuated, now he plainly asserts Job's guilt, merely on the ground of his sufferings.
【욥22:5 MHCC】Eliphaz brought heavy charges against Job, without reason for his accusations, except that Job was visited as he supposed God always visited every wicked man. He charges him with oppression, and that he did harm with his wealth and power in the time of his prosperity.
【욥22:6 JFB】6. The crimes alleged, on a harsh inference, by Eliphaz against Job are such as he would think likely to be committed by a rich man. The Mosaic law (출22:26; 신24:10) subsequently embodied the feeling that existed among the godly in Job's time against oppression of debtors as to their pledges. Here the case is not quite the same; Job is charged with taking a pledge where he had no just claim to it; and in the second clause, that pledge (the outer garment which served the poor as a covering by day and a bed by night) is represented as taken from one who had not "changes of raiment" (a common constituent of wealth in the East), but was poorly clad—"naked" (마25:36; 약2:15); a sin the more heinous in a rich man like Job.
【욥22:7 JFB】7. Hospitality to the weary traveller is regarded in the East as a primary duty (사21:14).
【욥22:8 JFB】8. mighty—Hebrew, "man of arm" (시10:15; namely, Job).
honourable—Hebrew, "eminent, or, accepted for countenance" (사3:3; 왕하5:1); that is, possessing authority. Eliphaz repeats his charge (욥15:28; so Zophar, 욥20:19), that it was by violence Job wrung houses and lands from the poor, to whom now he refused relief (욥22:7, 9) [Michaelis].
【욥22:9 JFB】9. empty—without their wants being relieved (창31:42). The Mosaic law especially protected the widow and fatherless (출22:22); the violation of it in their case by the great is a complaint of the prophets (사1:17).
arms—supports, helps, on which one leans (호7:15). Thou hast robbed them of their only stay. Job replies in 욥29:11-16.
【욥22:10 JFB】10. snares—alluding to Job's admission (욥19:6; compare 욥18:10; 잠22:5).
【욥22:11 JFB】11. that—so that thou.
abundance—floods. Danger by floods is a less frequent image in this book than in the rest of the Old Testament (욥11:16; 27:20).
【욥22:12 JFB】12. Eliphaz says this to prove that God can from His height behold all things; gratuitously inferring that Job denied it, because he denied that the wicked are punished here.
height—Hebrew, "head of the stars"; that is, "elevation" (욥11:8).
【욥22:13 JFB】13. Rather, And yet thou sayest, God does not concern Himself with ("know") human affairs (시73:11).
【욥22:14 JFB】14. in the circuit of heaven—only, not taking any part in earthly affairs. Job is alleged as holding this Epicurean sentiment (애3:44; 사29:15; 40:27; 렘23:24; 겔8:12; 시139:12).
【욥22:15 JFB】15. marked—Rather, Dost thou keep to? that is, wish to follow (so Hebrew,삼하22:22). If so, beware of sharing their end.
the old way—the degenerate ways of the world before the flood (창6:5).
【욥22:15 MHCC】Eliphaz would have Job mark the old way that wicked men have trodden, and see what the end of their way was. It is good for us to mark it, that we may not walk therein. But if others are consumed, and we are not, instead of blaming them, and lifting up ourselves, as Eliphaz does here, we ought to be thankful to God, and take it for a warning.
【욥22:16 JFB】16. cut down—rather, "fettered," as in 욥16:8; that is, arrested by death.
out of time—prematurely, suddenly (욥15:32; 전7:17); literally, "whose foundation was poured out (so as to become) a stream or flood." The solid earth passed from beneath their feet into a flood (창7:11).
【욥22:17 JFB】17. Eliphaz designedly uses Job's own words (욥21:14, 15).
do for them—They think they can do everything for themselves.
【욥22:18 JFB】18. "Yet" you say (see on 욥21:16) that it is "He who filled their houses with good"—"their good is not in their hand," but comes from God.
but the counsel … is—rather, "may the counsel be," &c. Eliphaz sarcastically quotes in continuation Job's words (욥21:16). Yet, after uttering this godless sentiment, thou dost hypocritically add, "May the counsel," &c.
【욥22:19 JFB】19. Triumph of the pious at the fall of the recent followers of the antediluvian sinners. While in the act of denying that God can do them any good or harm, they are cut off by Him. Eliphaz hereby justifies himself and the friends for their conduct to Job: not derision of the wretched, but joy at the vindication of God's ways (시107:42; 계15:3; 16:7; 19:1, 2).
【욥22:20 JFB】20. The triumphant speech of the pious. If "substance" be retained, translate, rather as the Septuagint, "Has not their substance been taken away, and … ?" But the Hebrew is rather, "Truly our adversary is cut down" [Gesenius]. The same opposition exists between the godly and ungodly seed as between the unfallen and restored Adam and Satan (adversary); this forms the groundwork of the book (욥1:1-2:13; 창3:15).
remnant—all that "is left" of the sinner; repeated from 욥20:26, which makes Umbreit's rendering "glory" (Margin), "excellency," less probable.
fire—alluding to Job (욥1:16; 15:34; 18:15). First is mentioned destruction by water (욥22:16); here, by fire (벧후3:5-7).
【욥22:21 JFB】21. Eliphaz takes it for granted, Job is not yet "acquainted" with God; literally, "become a companion of God." Turn with familiar confidence to God.
and be—So thou shalt be: the second imperatively expresses the consequence of obeying the first (시37:27).
peace—prosperity and restoration to Job; true spiritually also to us (롬5:1; 골1:20).
good—(딤전4:8).
【욥22:21 MHCC】The answer of Eliphaz wrongly implied that Job had hitherto not known God, and that prosperity in this life would follow his sincere conversion. The counsel Eliphaz here gives is good, though, as to Job, it was built upon a false supposition that he was a stranger and enemy to God. Let us beware of slandering our brethren; and if it be our lot to suffer in this manner, let us remember how Job was treated; yea, how Jesus was reviled, that we may be patient. Let us examine whether there may not be some colour for the slander, and walk watchfully, so as to be clear of all appearances of evil.
【욥22:22 JFB】22. lay up—(시119:11).
【욥22:23 JFB】23. Built up—anew, as a restored house.
thou shalt put away—rather, "If thou put away" [Michaelis].
【욥22:24 JFB】24. Rather, containing the protasis from the last clause of 욥22:23, "If thou regard the glittering metal as dust"; literally, "lay it on on the dust"; to regard it of as little value as the dust on which it lies. The apodosis is at 욥22:25, Then shall the Almighty be, &c. God will take the place of the wealth, in which thou didst formerly trust.
gold—rather, "precious" or "glittering metal," parallel to "(gold) of Ophir," in the second clause [Umbreit and Maurer].
Ophir—derived from a Hebrew word "dust," namely, gold dust. Heeren thinks it a general name for the rich countries of the South, on the African, Indian, and especially the Arabian coast (where was the port Aphar. El Ophir, too, a city of Oman, was formerly the center of Arabian commerce). It is curious that the natives of Malacca still call their mines Ophirs.
stones of the brooks—If thou dost let the gold of Ophir remain in its native valley among the stones of the brooks; that is, regard it as of little worth as the stones, &c. The gold was washed down by mountain torrents and lodged among the stones and sand of the valley.
【욥22:25 JFB】25. Apodosis.
Yea—rather, Then shall the Almighty be, &c.
defence—rather, as the same Hebrew means in 욥22:24 (see on 욥22:24)—Thy precious metals; God will be to thee in the place of riches.
plenty of silver—rather, "And shall be to thee in the place of laboriously-obtained treasures of silver" [Gesenius]. Elegantly implying, it is less labor to find God than the hidden metals; at least to the humble seeker (욥28:12-28). But [Maurer] "the shining silver."
【욥22:26 JFB】26. lift up … face, &c.—repeated from Zophar (욥11:15).
【욥22:27 JFB】27. (사58:9, 14).
pay thy vows—which thou hast promised to God in the event of thy prayers being heard: God will give thee occasion to pay the former, by hearing the latter.
【욥22:28 JFB】28. light—success.
【욥22:29 JFB】29. Rather, When (thy ways; from 욥22:28) are cast down (for a time), thou shalt (soon again have joyful cause to) say, There is lifting up (prosperity returns back to me) [Maurer].
he—God.
humble—Hebrew, "him that is of low eyes." Eliphaz implies that Job is not so now in his affliction; therefore it continues: with this he contrasts the blessed effect of being humble under it (약4:6; 벧전5:5 probably quote this passage). Therefore it is better, I think, to take the first clause as referred to by "God resisteth the proud." When (men) are cast down, thou shalt say (behold the effects of) pride. Eliphaz hereby justifies himself for attributing Job's calamities to his pride. "Giveth grace to the humble," answers to the second clause.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.