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■ 요엘 2장
1. 시온에서 나팔을 불며 나의 성산에서 호각을 불어 이 땅 거민으로 다 떨게 할지니 이는 여호와의 날이 이르게 됨이니라 이제 임박하였으니
Blow ye the trumpet in Zion , and sound an alarm in my holy mountain : let all the inhabitants of the land tremble : for the day of the Lord cometh , for it is nigh at hand ;
2. 곧 어둡고 캄캄한 날이요 빽빽한 구름이 끼인 날이라 새벽 빛이 산꼭대기에 덮인 것과 같으니 이는 많고 강한 백성이 이르렀음이라 이 같은 것이 자고 이래로 없었고 이후 세세에 없으리로다
A day of darkness and of gloominess , a day of clouds and of thick darkness , as the morning spread upon the mountains : a great people and a strong ; there hath not been ever the like, neither shall be any more after it, even to the years of many generations .
3. 불이 그들의 앞을 사르며 불꽃이 그들의 뒤를 태우니 그 전의 땅은 에덴동산 같았으나 그 후의 땅은 황무한 들 같으니 그들을 피한 자가 없도다
A fire devoureth before them; and behind them a flame burneth : the land is as the garden of Eden before them, and behind them a desolate wilderness ; yea, and nothing shall escape them.
4. 그 모양은 말 같고 그 달리는 것은 기병 같으며
The appearance of them is as the appearance of horses ; and as horsemen , so shall they run .
5. 그들의 산 꼭대기에서 뛰는 소리가 병거 소리와도 같고 불꽃이 초개를 사르는 소리와도 같으며 강한 군사가 항오를 벌이고 싸우는 것 같으니
Like the noise of chariots on the tops of mountains shall they leap , like the noise of a flame of fire that devoureth the stubble , as a strong people set in battle array .
6. 그 앞에서 만민이 송구하여 하며 무리의 낯빛이 하얘졌도다
Before their face the people shall be much pained : all faces shall gather blackness .
7. 그들이 용사 같이 달리며 무사 같이 성을 더위잡고 오르며 각기 자기의 길로 행하되 그 항오를 어기지 아니하며
They shall run like mighty men ; they shall climb the wall like men of war ; and they shall march every one on his ways , and they shall not break their ranks :
8. 피차에 부딪히지 아니하고 각기 자기의 길로 행하며 병기를 충돌하고 나아가나 상치 아니하며
Neither shall one thrust another ; they shall walk every one in his path : and when they fall upon the sword , they shall not be wounded .
9. 성중에 뛰어 들어가며 성위에 달리며 집에 더위잡고 오르며 도적 같이 창으로 들어가니
They shall run to and fro in the city ; they shall run upon the wall , they shall climb up upon the houses ; they shall enter in at the windows like a thief .
10. 그 앞에서 땅이 진동하며 하늘이 떨며 일월이 캄캄하며 별들이 빛을 거두도다
The earth shall quake before them; the heavens shall tremble : the sun and the moon shall be dark , and the stars shall withdraw their shining :
11. 여호와께서 그 군대 앞에서 소리를 발하시고 그 진은 심히 크고 그 명령을 행하는 자는 강하니 여호와의 날이 크고 심히 두렵도다 당할 자가 누구이랴
And the Lord shall utter his voice before his army : for his camp is very great : for he is strong that executeth his word : for the day of the Lord is great and very terrible ; and who can abide it?
12. 여호와의 말씀에 너희는 이제라도 금식하며 울며 애통하고 마음을 다하여 내게로 돌아오라 하셨나니
Therefore also now, saith the Lord , turn ye even to me with all your heart , and with fasting , and with weeping , and with mourning :
13. 너희는 옷을 찢지 말고 마음을 찢고 너희 하나님 여호와께로 돌아올지어다 그는 은혜로우시며 자비로우시며 노하기를 더디하시며 인애가 크시사 뜻을 돌이켜 재앙을 내리지 아니하시나니
And rend your heart , and not your garments , and turn unto the Lord your God : for he is gracious and merciful , slow to anger , and of great kindness , and repenteth him of the evil .
14. 주께서 혹시 마음과 뜻을 돌이키시고 그 뒤에 복을 끼치사 너희 하나님 여호와께 소제와 전제를 드리게 하지 아니하실는지 누가 알겠느냐
Who knoweth if he will return and repent , and leave a blessing behind him; even a meat offering and a drink offering unto the Lord your God ?
15. 너희는 시온에서 나팔을 불어 거룩한 금식일을 정하고 성회를 선고하고
Blow the trumpet in Zion , sanctify a fast , call a solemn assembly :
16. 백성을 모아 그 회를 거룩케 하고 장로를 모으며 소아와 젖먹는 자를 모으며 신랑을 그 방에서 나오게 하며 신부도 그 골방에서 나오게 하고
Gather the people , sanctify the congregation , assemble the elders , gather the children , and those that suck the breasts : let the bridegroom go forth of his chamber , and the bride out of her closet .
17. 여호와께 수종드는 제사장들은 낭실과 단 사이에서 울며 이르기를 여호와여 주의 백성을 긍휼히 여기소서 주의 기업으로 욕되게하여 열국들로 그들을 관할하지 못하게 하옵소서 어찌하여 이방인으로 그들의 하나님이 어디 있느뇨 말하게 하겠나이까 할지어다
Let the priests , the ministers of the Lord , weep between the porch and the altar , and let them say , Spare thy people , O Lord , and give not thine heritage to reproach , that the heathen should rule over them: wherefore should they say among the people , Where is their God ?
18. 그 때에 여호와께서 자기 땅을 위하여 중심이 뜨거우시며 그 백성을 긍휼히 여기실 것이라
Then will the Lord be jealous for his land , and pity his people .
19. 여호와께서 그들에게 응답하여 이르시기를 내가 너희에게 곡식과 새 포도주와 기름을 주리니 너희가 이로 인하여 흡족하리라 내가 다시는 너희로 열국 중에서 욕을 당하지 않게 할 것이며
Yea, the Lord will answer and say unto his people , Behold, I will send you corn , and wine , and oil , and ye shall be satisfied therewith: and I will no more make you a reproach among the heathen :
20. 내가 북편 군대를 너희에게서 멀리 떠나게 하여 메마르고 적막한 땅으로 쫓아내리니 그 전군은 동해로 그 후군은 서해로 들어갈 것이라 상한 냄새가 일어나고 악취가 오르리니 이는 큰 일을 행하였음이니라 하시리라
But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate , with his face toward the east sea , and his hinder part toward the utmost sea , and his stink shall come up , and his ill savour shall come up , because he hath done great things .
21. 땅이여 두려워 말고 기뻐하며 즐거워할지어다 여호와께서 큰 일을 행하셨음이로다
Fear not, O land ; be glad and rejoice : for the Lord will do great things .
22. 들짐승들아 두려워 말지어다 들의 풀이 싹이 나며 나무가 열매를 맺으며 무화과나무와 포도나무가 다 힘을 내는도다
Be not afraid , ye beasts of the field : for the pastures of the wilderness do spring , for the tree beareth her fruit , the fig tree and the vine do yield their strength .
23. 시온의 자녀들아 너희는 너희 하나님 여호와로 인하여 기뻐하며 즐거워할지어다 그가 너희를 위하여 비를 내리시되 이른 비와 늦은 비가 전과 같을 것이라
Be glad then, ye children of Zion , and rejoice in the Lord your God : for he hath given you the former rain moderately , and he will cause to come down for you the rain , the former rain , and the latter rain in the first month.
24. 마당에는 밀이 가득하고 독에는 새 포도주와 기름이 넘치리로다
And the floors shall be full of wheat , and the fats shall overflow with wine and oil .
25. 내가 전에 너희에게 보낸 큰 군대 곧 메뚜기와 늣과 황충과 팟종이의 먹은 햇수대로 너희에게 갚아주리니
And I will restore to you the years that the locust hath eaten , the cankerworm , and the caterpiller , and the palmerworm , my great army which I sent among you.
26. 너희는 먹되 풍족히 먹고 너희를 기이히 대접한 너희 하나님 여호와의 이름을 찬송할 것이라 내 백성이 영영히 수치를 당치 아니하리로다
And ye shall eat in plenty , and be satisfied , and praise the name of the Lord your God , that hath dealt wondrously with you: and my people shall never be ashamed .
27. 그런즉 내가 이스라엘 가운데 있어 너희 하나님 여호와가 되고 다른 이가 없는 줄을 너희가 알 것이라 내 백성이 영영히 수치를 당치 아니하리로다
And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel , and that I am the Lord your God , and none else: and my people shall never be ashamed .
28. 그 후에 내가 내 신을 만민에게 부어 주리니 너희 자녀들이 장래일을 말할 것이며 너희 늙은이는 꿈을 꾸며 너희 젊은이는 이상을 볼 것이며
And it shall come to pass afterward , that I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh ; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy , your old men shall dream dreams , your young men shall see visions :
29. 그 때에 내가 또 내 신으로 남종과 여종에게 부어 줄 것이며
And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids in those days will I pour out my spirit .
30. 내가 이적을 하늘과 땅에 베풀리니 곧 피와 불과 연기 기둥이라
And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth , blood , and fire , and pillars of smoke .
31. 여호와의 크고 두려운 날이 이르기 전에 해가 어두워지고 달이 핏빛 같이 변하려니와
The sun shall be turned into darkness , and the moon into blood , before the great and the terrible day of the Lord come .
32. 누구든지 여호와의 이름을 부르는 자는 구원을 얻으리니 이는 나 여호와의 말대로 시온 산과 예루살렘에서 피할 자가 있을 것임이요 남은 자 중에 나 여호와의 부름을 받을 자가 있을 것임이니라
And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be delivered : for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance , as the Lord hath said , and in the remnant whom the Lord shall call .
■ 주석 보기
【욜2:1 JFB】Joe 2:1-32. The Coming Judgment a Motive to Repentance. Promise of Blessings in the Last Days.
A more terrific judgment than that of the locusts is foretold, under imagery drawn from that of the calamity then engrossing the afflicted nation. He therefore exhorts to repentance, assuring the Jews of Jehovah's pity if they would repent. Promise of the Holy Spirit in the last days under Messiah, and the deliverance of all believers in Him.
1. Blow … trumpet—to sound an alarm of coming war (민10:1-10; 호5:8; 암3:6); the office of the priests. Joe 1:15 is an anticipation of the fuller prophecy in this chapter.
【욜2:1 CWC】A recurrence to the same judgments 1-3
A description of their executioners in which there is a blending of the idea of the locusts with that of the warriors. The picture is made vivid by the use of the present tense in the Revised Version 4-11
A call to repentance 12-17
A promise of future blessing 18-32
(a) The enemies overthrown (18-20)
(b) The land blessed (21-27)
(c) The Holy Spirit poured out (28-32)
【욜2:1 MHCC】 God's judgments. (욜2:1-14) Exhortations to fasting and prayer; blessings promised. (욜2:15-27) A promise of the Holy Spirit, and of future mercies. (욜2:28-32)
욜2:1-14 The priests were to alarm the people with the near approach of the Divine judgments. It is the work of ministers to warn of the fatal consequences of sin, and to reveal the wrath from heaven against the ungodliness and unrighteousness of men. The striking description which follows, shows what would attend the devastations of locusts, but may also describe the effects from the ravaging of the land by the Chaldeans. If the alarm of temporal judgments is given to offending nations, how much more should sinners be warned to seek deliverance from the wrath to come! Our business therefore on earth must especially be, to secure an interest in our Lord Jesus Christ; and we should seek to be weaned from objects which will soon be torn from all who now make idols of them. There must be outward expressions of sorrow and shame, fasting, weeping, and mourning; tears for trouble must be turned into tears for the sin that caused it. But rending the garments would be vain, except their hearts were rent by abasement and self-abhorrence; by sorrow for their sins, and separation from them. There is no question but that if we truly repent of our sins, God will forgive them; but whether he will remove affliction is not promised, yet the probability of it should encourage us to repent.
욜2:15-27 The priests and rulers are to appoint a solemn fast. The sinner's supplication is, Spare us, good Lord. God is ready to succour his people; and he waits to be gracious. They prayed that God would spare them, and he answered them. His promises are real answers to the prayers of faith; with him saying and doing are not two things. Some understand these promises figuratively, as pointing to gospel grace, and as fulfilled in the abundant comforts treasured up for believers in the covenant of grace.
욜2:28-32 The promise began to be fulfilled on the day of Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit was poured out, and it was continued in the converting grace and miraculous gifts conferred on both Jews and Gentiles. The judgments of God upon a sinful world, only go before the judgment of the world in the last day. Calling on God supposes knowledge of him, faith in him, desire toward him, dependence on him, and, as evidence of the sincerity of all this, conscientious obedience to him. Those only shall be delivered in the great day, who are now effectually called from sin to God, from self to Christ, from things below to things above.
【욜2:2 JFB】2. darkness … gloominess … clouds … thick darkness—accumulation of synonyms, to intensify the picture of calamity (사8:22). Appropriate here, as the swarms of locusts intercepting the sunlight suggested darkness as a fit image of the coming visitation.
as the morning spread upon the mountains: a great people—Substitute a comma for a colon after mountains: As the morning light spreads itself over the mountains, so a people numerous [Maurer] and strong shall spread themselves. The suddenness of the rising of the morning light, which gilds the mountain tops first, is less probably thought by others to be the point of comparison to the sudden inroad of the foe. Maurer refers it to the yellow splendor which arises from the reflection of the sunlight on the wings of the immense hosts of locusts as they approach. This is likely; understanding, however, that the locusts are only the symbols of human foes. The immense Assyrian host of invaders under Sennacherib (compare 사37:36) destroyed by God (Joe 2:18, 20, 21), may be the primary objects of the prophecy; but ultimately the last antichristian confederacy, destroyed by special divine interposition, is meant (see on Joe 3:2).
there hath not been ever the like—(Compare Joe 1:2; 출10:14).
【욜2:3 JFB】3. before … behind—that is, on every side (대상19:10).
fire … flame—destruction … desolation (사10:17).
as … Eden … wilderness—conversely (사51:3; 겔36:35).
【욜2:4 JFB】4. appearance … of horses—(계9:7). Not literal, but figurative locusts. The fifth trumpet, or first woe, in the parallel passage (계9:1-11), cannot be literal: for in 계9:11 it is said, "they had a king over them, the angel of the bottomless pit"—in the Hebrew, Abaddon ("destroyer"), but in the Greek, Apollyon—and (계9:7) "on their heads were as it were crowns like gold, and their faces were as the faces of men." Compare Joe 2:11, "the day of the Lord … great and very terrible"; implying their ultimate reference to be connected with Messiah's second coming in judgment. The locust's head is so like that of a horse that the Italians call it cavalette. Compare 욥39:20, "the horse … as the grasshopper," or locust.
run—The locust bounds, not unlike the horse's gallop, raising and letting down together the two front feet.
【욜2:5 JFB】5. Like the noise of chariots—referring to the loud sound caused by their wings in motion, or else the movement of their hind legs.
on the tops of mountains—Maurer connects this with "they," that is, the locusts, which first occupy the higher places, and thence descend to the lower places. It may refer (as in English Version) to "chariots," which make most noise in crossing over rugged heights.
【욜2:6 JFB】6. much pained—namely, with terror. The Arab proverb is, "More terrible than the locusts."
faces shall gather blackness—(사13:8; 렘30:6; 나2:10). Maurer translates, "withdraw their brightness," that is, wax pale, lose color (compare Joe 2:10; Joe 3:15).
【욜2:7 JFB】7-9. Depicting the regular military order of their advance, "One locust not turning a nail's breadth out of his own place in the march" [Jerome]. Compare 잠30:27, "The locusts have no king, yet go they forth all of them by bands."
【욜2:8 JFB】8. Neither shall one thrust another—that is, press upon so as to thrust his next neighbor out of his place, as usually occurs in a large multitude.
when they fall upon the sword—that is, among missiles.
not be wounded—because they are protected by defensive armor [Grotius]. Maurer translates, "Their (the locusts') ranks are not broken when they rush among missiles" (compare 단11:22).
【욜2:9 JFB】9. run to and fro in the city—greedily seeking what they can devour.
the wall—surrounding each house in Eastern buildings.
enter in at the windows—though barred.
like a thief—(요10:1; compare 렘9:21).
【욜2:10 JFB】10. earth … quake before them—that is, the inhabitants of the earth quake with fear of them.
heavens … tremble—that is, the powers of heaven (마24:29); its illumining powers are disturbed by the locusts which intercept the sunlight with their dense flying swarms. These, however, are but the images of revolutions of states caused by such foes as were to invade Judea.
【욜2:11 JFB】11. Lord … his army—So among Mohammedans, "Lord of the locusts" is a title of God.
his voice—His word of command to the locusts, and to the antitypical human foes of Judea, as "His army."
strong that executeth his word—(계18:8).
【욜2:12 JFB】12. With such judgments impending over the Jews, Jehovah Himself urges them to repentance.
also now—Even now, what none could have hoped or believed possible, God still invites you to the hope of salvation.
fasting … weeping … mourning—Their sin being most heinous needs extraordinary humiliation. The outward marks of repentance are to signify the depth of their sorrow for sin.
【욜2:13 JFB】13. Let there be the inward sorrow of heart, and not the mere outward manifestation of it by "rending the garment" (수7:6).
the evil—the calamity which He had threatened against the impenitent.
【욜2:14 JFB】14. leave … a meat offering and a drink offering—that is, give plentiful harvests, out of the first-fruits of which we may offer the meat and drink offering, now "cut off" through the famine (Joe 1:9, 13, 16). "Leave behind Him": as God in visiting His people now has left behind Him a curse, so He will, on returning to visit them, leave behind Him a blessing.
【욜2:15 JFB】15. Blow the trumpet—to convene the people (민10:3). Compare Joe 1:14. The nation was guilty, and therefore there must be a national humiliation. Compare Hezekiah's proceedings before Sennacherib's invasion (대하30:1-27).
【욜2:16 JFB】16. sanctify the congregation—namely, by expiatory rites and purification with water [Calvin], (출19:10, 22). Maurer translates, "appoint a solemn assembly," which would be a tautological repetition of Joe 2:15.
elders … children—No age was to be excepted (대하20:13).
bridegroom—ordinarily exempted from public duties (신24:5; compare 고전7:5, 29).
closet—or, nuptial bed, from a Hebrew root "to cover," referring to the canopy over it.
【욜2:17 JFB】17. between the porch and … altar—the porch of Solomon's temple on the east (왕상6:3); the altar of burnt offerings in the court of the priests, before the porch (대하8:12; compare 겔8:16; 마23:35). The suppliants thus were to stand with their backs to the altar on which they had nothing to offer, their faces towards the place of the Shekinah presence.
heathen should rule over them—This shows that not locusts, but human foes, are intended. The Margin translation, "use a byword against them," is not supported by the Hebrew.
wherefore should they say … Where is their God?—that is, do not for thine own honor's sake, let the heathen sneer at the God of Israel, as unable to save His people (시79:10; 115:2).
【욜2:18 JFB】18. Then—when God sees His people penitent.
be jealous for his land—as a husband jealous of any dishonor done to the wife whom he loves, as if done to himself. The Hebrew comes from an Arabic root, "to be flushed in face" through indignation.
【욜2:19 JFB】19. corn … wine … oil—rather, as Hebrew, "the corn … the wine … the oil," namely, which the locusts have destroyed [Henderson]. Maurer not so well explains, "the corn, &c., necessary for your sustenance." "The Lord will answer," namely, the prayers of His people, priests, and prophets. Compare in the case of Sennacherib, 왕하19:20, 21.
【욜2:20 JFB】20. the northern army—The Hebrew expresses that the north in relation to Palestine is not merely the quarter whence the invader comes, but is his native land, "the Northlander"; namely, the Assyrian or Babylonian (compare 렘1:14, 15; 습2:13). The locust's native country is not the north, but the south, the deserts of Arabia, Egypt, and Libya. Assyria and Babylon are the type and forerunner of all Israel's foes (Rome, and the final Antichrist), from whom God will at last deliver His people, as He did from Sennacherib (왕하19:35).
face … hinder part—more applicable to a human army's van and rear, than to locusts. The northern invaders are to be dispersed in every other direction but that from which they had come: "a land barren and desolate," that is, Arabia-Deserta: "the eastern (or front) sea," that is, the Dead Sea: "the utmost (or hinder) sea," that is, the Mediterranean. In front and behind mean east and west; as, in marking the quarters of the world, they faced the east, which was therefore "in front"; the west was behind them; the south was on their right, and the north on their left.
stink—metaphor from locusts, which perish when blown by a storm into the sea or the desert, and emit from their putrefying bodies such a stench as often breeds a pestilence.
because he hath done great things—that is, because the invader hath haughtily magnified himself in his doings. Compare as to Sennacherib, 왕하19:11-13, 22, 28. This is quite inapplicable to the locusts, who merely seek food, not self-glorification, in invading a country.
【욜2:21 JFB】21-23. In an ascending gradation, the land destroyed by the enemy, the beasts of the field, and the children of Zion, the land's inhabitants, are addressed, the former two by personification.
Lord will do great things—In contrast to the "great things" done by the haughty foe (Joe 2:20) to the hurt of Judah stand the "great things" to be done by Jehovah for her benefit (compare 시126:2, 3).
【욜2:22 JFB】22. (Z전8:12). As before (Joe 1:18, 20) he represented the beasts as groaning and crying for want of food in the "pastures," so now he reassures them by the promise of springing pastures.
【욜2:23 JFB】23. rejoice in the Lord—not merely in the springing pastures, as the brute "beasts" which cannot raise their thoughts higher (사61:10; 합3:18).
former rain … the rain … the former … the latter rain—The autumnal, or "former rain," from the middle of October to the middle of December, is put first, as Joel prophesies in summer when the locusts' invasion took place, and therefore looks to the time of early sowing in autumn, when the autumnal rain was indispensably required. Next, "the rain," generically, literally, "the showering" or "heavy rain." Next, the two species of the latter, "the former and the latter rain" (in March and April). The repetition of the "former rain" implies that He will give it not merely for the exigence of that particular season when Joel spake, but also for the future in the regular course of nature, the autumn and the spring rain; the former being put first, in the order of nature, as being required for the sowing in autumn, as the latter is required in spring for maturing the young crop. The Margin, "a teacher of righteousness," is wrong. For the same Hebrew word is translated "former rain" in the next sentence, and cannot therefore be differently translated here. Besides, Joel begins with the inferior and temporal blessings, and not till Joe 2:28 proceeds to the higher and spiritual ones, of which the former are the pledge.
moderately—rather, "in due measure," as much as the land requires; literally, "according to right"; neither too much nor too little, either of which extremes would hurt the crop (compare 신11:14; 잠16:15; 렘5:24; see on 호6:3). The phrase, "in due measure," in this clause is parallel to "in the first month," in the last clause (that is, "in the month when first it is needed," each rain in its proper season). Heretofore the just or right order of nature has been interrupted through your sin; now God will restore it. See my Introduction to Joel.
【욜2:24 JFB】24. The effect of the seasonable rains shall be abundance of all articles of food.
【욜2:25 JFB】25. locust … cankerworm … caterpiller … palmer worm—the reverse order from Joe 1:4, where (see on Joe 1:4) God will restore not only what has been lost by the full-grown consuming locust, but also what has been lost by the less destructive licking locust, and swarming locust, and gnawing locust.
【욜2:26 JFB】26. never be ashamed—shall no longer endure the "reproach of the heathen (Joe 2:17), [Maurer]; or rather, "shall not bear the shame of disappointed hopes," as the husbandmen had heretofore (Joe 1:11). So spiritually, waiting on God, His people shall not have the shame of disappointment in their expectations from Him (롬9:33).
【욜2:27 JFB】27. know that I am in the midst of Israel—As in the Old Testament dispensation God was present by the Shekinah, so in the New Testament first, for a brief time by the Word made flesh dwelling among us (요1:14), and to the close of this dispensation by the Holy Spirit in the Church (마28:20), and probably in a more perceptible manner with Israel when restored (겔37:26-28).
never be ashamed—not an unmeaning repetition from Joe 2:26. The twice-asserted truth enforces its unfailing certainty. As the "shame" in Joe 2:26 refers to temporal blessings, so in this verse it refers to the spiritual blessings flowing from the presence of God with His people (compare 렘3:16, 17; 계21:3).
【욜2:28 JFB】28. afterward—"in the last days" (사2:2) under Messiah after the invasion and deliverance of Israel from the northern army. Having heretofore stated the outward blessings, he now raises their minds to the expectation of extraordinary spiritual blessings, which constitute the true restoration of God's people (사44:3). Fulfilled in earnest (행2:17) on Pentecost; among the Jews and the subsequent election of a people among the Gentiles; hereafter more fully at the restoration of Israel (사54:13; 렘31:9, 34; 겔39:29; Z전12:10) and the consequent conversion of the whole world (사2:2; 11:9; 66:18-23; 미5:7; 롬11:12, 15). As the Jews have been the seedmen of the elect Church gathered out of Jews and Gentiles, the first Gospel preachers being Jews from Jerusalem, so they shall be the harvest men of the coming world-wide Church, to be set up at Messiah's appearing. That the promise is not restricted to the first Pentecost appears from Peter's own words: "The promise is (not only) unto you and to your children, (but also) to all that are afar off (both in space and in time), even as many as the Lord our God shall call" (행2:39). So here "upon all flesh."
I will pour out—under the new covenant: not merely, let fall drops, as under the Old Testament (요7:39).
my spirit—the Spirit "proceeding from the Father and the Son," and at the same time one with the Father and the Son (compare 사11:2).
sons … daughters … old … young—not merely on a privileged few (민11:29) as the prophets of the Old Testament, but men of all ages and ranks. See 행21:9; 고전11:5, as to "daughters," that is, women, prophesying.
dreams … visions—(행9:10; 16:9). The "dreams" are attributed to the "old men," as more in accordance with their years; "visions" to the "young men," as adapted to their more lively minds. The three modes whereby God revealed His will under the Old Testament (민12:6), "prophecy, dreams, and visions," are here made the symbol of the full manifestation of Himself to all His people, not only in miraculous gifts to some, but by His indwelling Spirit to all in the New Testament (요14:21, 23; 15:15). In 행16:9; 18:9, the term used is "vision," though in the night, not a dream. No other dream is mentioned in the New Testament save those given to Joseph in the very beginning of the New Testament, before the full Gospel had come; and to the wife of Pilate, a Gentile (마1:20; 2:13; 27:19). "Prophesying" in the New Testament is applied to all speaking under the enlightenment of the Holy Spirit, and not merely to foretelling events. All true Christians are "priests" and "ministers" of our God (사61:6), and have the Spirit (겔36:26, 27). Besides this, probably, a special gift of prophecy and miracle-working is to be given at or before Messiah's coming again.
【욜2:29 JFB】29. And also—"And even." The very slaves by becoming the Lord's servants are His freemen (고전7:22; 갈3:28; 골3:11; Phm 16). Therefore, in 행2:18 it is quoted, "My servants" and "My handmaidens"; as it is only by becoming the Lord's servants they are spiritually free, and partake of the same spirit as the other members of the Church.
【욜2:30 JFB】30, 31. As Messiah's manifestation is full of joy to believers, so it has an aspect of wrath to unbelievers, which is represented here. Thus when the Jews received Him not in His coming of grace, He came in judgment on Jerusalem. Physical prodigies, massacres, and conflagrations preceded its destruction [Josephus, Wars of the Jews]. To these the language here may allude; but the figures chiefly symbolize political revolutions and changes in the ruling powers of the world, prognosticated by previous disasters (암8:9; 마24:29; Lu 21:25-27), and convulsions such as preceded the overthrow of the Jewish polity. Such shall probably occur in a more appalling degree before the final destruction of the ungodly world ("the great and terrible day of Jehovah," compare 말4:5), of which Jerusalem's overthrow is the type and earnest.
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