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■ 요엘 1장
1. 여호와께서 브두엘의 아들 요엘에게 이르신 말씀이라
The word of the Lord that came to Joel the son of Pethuel .
2. 늙은 자들아 너희는 이것을 들을지어다 땅의 모든 거인아 너희는 귀를 기울일지어다 너희의 날에나 너희 열조의 날에 이런 일이 있었느냐
Hear this, ye old men , and give ear , all ye inhabitants of the land . Hath this been in your days , or even in the days of your fathers ?
3. 너희는 이 일을 너희 자녀에게 고하고 너희 자녀는 자기 자녀에게 고하고 그 자녀는 후시대에 고할 것이니라
Tell ye your children of it, and let your children tell their children , and their children another generation .
4. 팟종이가 남긴 것을 메뚜기가 먹고 메뚜기가 남긴 것을 늣이 먹고 늣이 남긴 것을 황충이 먹었도다
That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten ; and that which the locust hath left hath the cankerworm eaten ; and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpiller eaten .
5. 무릇 취하는 자들아 너희는 깨어 울지어다 포도주를 마시는 자들아 너희는 곡할지어다 이는 단 포도주가 너희 입에서 끊어졌음이니
Awake , ye drunkards , and weep ; and howl , all ye drinkers of wine , because of the new wine ; for it is cut off from your mouth .
6. 한 이족이 내 땅에 올라왔음이로다 그들은 강하고 무수하며 그 이는 사자의 이 같고 그 어금니는 암사자의 어금니 같도다
For a nation is come up upon my land , strong , and without number , whose teeth are the teeth of a lion , and he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion .
7. 그들이 내 포도나무를 멸하며 내 무화과나무를 긁어 말갛게 벗겨서 버리니 그 모든 가지가 하얗게 되었도다
He hath laid my vine waste , and barked my fig tree : he hath made it clean bare , and cast it away ; the branches thereof are made white .
8. 너희는 애곡하기를 처녀가 어렸을 때에 약혼한 남편을 인하여 굵은 베로 동이고 애곡함 같이 할지어다
Lament like a virgin girded with sackcloth for the husband of her youth .
9. 소제와 전제가 여호와의 전에 끊어졌고 여호와께 수종드는 제사장은 슬퍼하도다
The meat offering and the drink offering is cut off from the house of the Lord ; the priests , the Lord’s ministers , mourn .
10. 밭이 황무하고 토지가 처량하니 곡식이 진하여 새 포도주가 말랐고 기름이 다하였도다
The field is wasted , the land mourneth ; for the corn is wasted : the new wine is dried up , the oil languisheth .
11. 농부들아 너희는 부끄러워할지어다 포도원을 다스리는 자들아 곡할지어다 이는 밀과 보리의 연고라 밭의 소산이 다 없어졌음이로다
Be ye ashamed , O ye husbandmen ; howl , O ye vinedressers , for the wheat and for the barley ; because the harvest of the field is perished .
12. 포도나무가 시들었고 무화과 나무가 말랐으며 석류나무와 대추나무와 사과나무와 및 밭의 모든 나무가 다 시들었으니 이러므로 인간의 희락이 말랐도다
The vine is dried up , and the fig tree languisheth ; the pomegranate tree, the palm tree also, and the apple tree , even all the trees of the field , are withered : because joy is withered away from the sons of men .
13. 제사장들아 너희는 굵은 베로 동이고 슬피 울지어다 단에 수송드는 자들아 너희는 곡할지어다 내 하나님께 수종드는 자들아 너희는 와서 굵은 베를 입고 밤이 맞도록 누울지어다 이는 소제와 전제를 너희 하나님의 전에 드리지 못함이라
Gird yourselves, and lament , ye priests : howl , ye ministers of the altar : come , lie all night in sackcloth , ye ministers of my God : for the meat offering and the drink offering is withholden from the house of your God .
14. 너희는 금식일을 정하고 성회를 선포하여 장로들과 이 땅 모든 거민을 너희 하나님 여호와의 전으로 몰수히 모으고 여호와께 부르짖을지어다
Sanctify ye a fast , call a solemn assembly , gather the elders and all the inhabitants of the land into the house of the Lord your God , and cry unto the Lord ,
15. 오호라 그 날이여 여호와의 날이 가까웠나니 곧 멸망 같이 전능자에게로서 이르리로다
Alas for the day ! for the day of the Lord is at hand , and as a destruction from the Almighty shall it come .
16. 식물이 우리 목전에 끊어지지 아니하였느냐 기쁨과 즐거움이 우리 하나님의 전에 끊어지지 아니하였느냐
Is not the meat cut off before our eyes , yea, joy and gladness from the house of our God ?
17. 씨가 흙덩이 아래서 썩어졌고 창고가 비었고 곳간이 무너졌으니 이는 곡식이 시들었음이로다
The seed is rotten under their clods , the garners are laid desolate , the barns are broken down ; for the corn is withered .
18. 생축이 탄식하고 소떼가 민망해하니 이는 꼴이 없음이라 양떼도 피곤하도다
How do the beasts groan ! the herds of cattle are perplexed , because they have no pasture ; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate .
19. 여호와여 내가 주께 부르짖으오니 불이 거친 들의 풀을 살랐고 불꽃이 밭의 모든 나무를 살랐음이니이다
O Lord , to thee will I cry : for the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness , and the flame hath burned all the trees of the field .
20. 들짐승도 주를 향하여 헐떡거리오니 시내가 다 말랐고 들의 풀이 불에 탔음이니이다
The beasts of the field cry also unto thee: for the rivers of waters are dried up , and the fire hath devoured the pastures of the wilderness .
■ 주석 보기
【욜1:1 JFB】Joe 1:1-20. The Desolate Aspect of the Country through the Plague of Locusts; the People Admonished to Offer Solemn Prayers in the Temple; for This Calamity Is the Earnest of aStill Heavier One.
1. Joel—meaning, "Jehovah is God."
son of Pethuel—to distinguish Joel the prophet from others of the name. Persons of eminence also were noted by adding the father's name.
【욜1:1 CWC】Introduction 1-3
Announcement of a coming judgment of locusts 4, 5
Announcement of the coming judgment from the heathen nations, of which that of the locusts is a type 6, 7
A lamentation of sorrow 8-13
A call to repentance 13-20
【욜1:1 MHCC】 A plague of locusts. (욜1:1-7) All sorts of people are called to lament it. (욜1:8-13) They are to look to God. (욜1:14-20)
욜1:1-7 The most aged could not remember such calamities as were about to take place. Armies of insects were coming upon the land to eat the fruits of it. It is expressed so as to apply also to the destruction of the country by a foreign enemy, and seems to refer to the devastations of the Chaldeans. God is Lord of hosts, has every creature at his command, and, when he pleases, can humble and mortify a proud, rebellious people, by the weakest and most contemptible creatures. It is just with God to take away the comforts which are abused to luxury and excess; and the more men place their happiness in the gratifications of sense, the more severe temporal afflictions are upon them. The more earthly delights we make needful to satisfy us, the more we expose ourselves to trouble.
욜1:8-13 All who labour only for the meat that perishes, will, sooner or later, be ashamed of their labour. Those that place their happiness in the delights of sense, when deprived of them, or disturbed in the enjoyment, lose their joy; whereas spiritual joy then flourishes more than ever. See what perishing, uncertain things our creature-comforts are. See how we need to live in continual dependence upon God and his providence. See what ruinous work sin makes. As far as poverty occasions the decay of piety, and starves the cause of religion among a people, it is a very sore judgment. But how blessed are the awakening judgments of God, in rousing his people and calling home the heart to Christ, and his salvation!
욜1:14-20 The sorrow of the people is turned into repentance and humiliation before God. With all the marks of sorrow and shame, sin must be confessed and bewailed. A day is to be appointed for this purpose; a day in which people must be kept from their common employments, that they may more closely attend God's services; and there is to be abstaining from meat and drink. Every one had added to the national guilt, all shared in the national calamity, therefore every one must join in repentance. When joy and gladness are cut off from God's house, when serious godliness decays, and love waxes cold, then it is time to cry unto the Lord. The prophet describes how grievous the calamity. See even the inferior creatures suffering for our transgression. And what better are they than beasts, who never cry to God but for corn and wine, and complain of the want of the delights of sense? Yet their crying to God in those cases, shames the stupidity of those who cry not to God in any case. Whatever may become of the nations and churches that persist in ungodliness, believers will find the comfort of acceptance with God, when the wicked shall be burned up with his indignation.
【욜1:2 JFB】2, 3. A spirited introduction calling attention.
old men—the best judges in question concerning the past (신32:7; 욥32:7).
Hath this been, &c.—that is, Hath any so grievous a calamity as this ever been before? No such plague of locusts had been since the ones in Egypt.출10:14 is not at variance with this verse, which refers to Judea, in which Joel says there had been no such devastation before.
【욜1:3 JFB】3. Tell ye your children—in order that they may be admonished by the severity of the punishment to fear God (시78:6-8; compare 출13:8; 수4:7).
【욜1:4 JFB】4. This verse states the subject on which he afterwards expands. Four species or stages of locusts, rather than four different insects, are meant (compare 레11:22). Literally, (1) the gnawing locust; (2) the swarming locust; (3) the licking locust; (4) the consuming locust; forming a climax to the most destructive kind. The last is often three inches long, and the two antennæ, each an inch long. The two hinder of its six feet are larger than the rest, adapting it for leaping. The first "kind" is that of the locust, having just emerged from the egg in spring, and without wings. The second is when at the end of spring, still in their first skin, the locusts put forth little ones without legs or wings. The third, when after their third casting of the old skin, they get small wings, which enable them to leap the better, but not to fly. Being unable to go away till their wings are matured, they devour all before them, grass, shrubs, and bark of trees: translated "rough caterpillars" (렘51:27). The fourth kind, the matured winged locusts (see on 나3:16). In Joe 2:25 they are enumerated in the reverse order, where the restoration of the devastations caused by them is promised. The Hebrews make the first species refer to Assyria and Babylon; the second species, to Medo-Persia; the third, to Greco-Macedonia and Antiochus Epiphanes; the fourth, to the Romans. Though the primary reference be to literal locusts, the Holy Spirit doubtless had in view the successive empires which assailed Judea, each worse than its predecessor, Rome being the climax.
【욜1:5 JFB】5. Awake—out of your ordinary state of drunken stupor, to realize the cutting off from you of your favorite drink. Even the drunkards (from a Hebrew root, "any strong drink") shall be forced to "howl," though usually laughing in the midst of the greatest national calamities, so palpably and universally shall the calamity affect all.
wine … new wine—"New" or "fresh wine," in Hebrew, is the unfermented, and therefore unintoxicating, sweet juice extracted by pressure from grapes or other fruit, as pomegranates (아8:2). "Wine" is the produce of the grape alone, and is intoxicating (see on Joe 1:10).
【욜1:6 JFB】6. nation—applied to the locusts, rather than "people" (잠30:25, 26), to mark not only their numbers, but also their savage hostility; and also to prepare the mind of the hearer for the transition to the figurative locusts in the second chapter, namely, the "nation" or Gentile foe coming against Judea (compare Joe 2:2).
my land—that is, Jehovah's; which never would have been so devastated were I not pleased to inflict punishment (Joe 2:18; 사14:25; 렘16:18; 겔36:5; 38:16).
strong—as irresistibly sweeping away before its compact body the fruits of man's industry.
without number—so 유6:5; 7:12, "like grasshoppers (or "locusts") for multitude" (렘46:23; 나3:15).
teeth … lion—that is, the locusts are as destructive as a lion; there is no vegetation that can resist their bite (compare 계9:8). Pliny says "they gnaw even the doors of houses."
【욜1:7 JFB】7. barked—Bochart, with the Septuagint and Syriac, translates, from an Arabic root, "hath broken," namely, the topmost shoots, which locusts most feed on. Calvin supports English Version.
my vine … my fig tree—being in "My land," that is, Jehovah's (Joe 1:6). As to the vine-abounding nature of ancient Palestine, see 민13:23, 24.
cast it away—down to the ground.
branches … white—both from the bark being stripped off (창30:37), and from the branches drying up through the trunk, both bark and wood being eaten up below by the locusts.
【욜1:8 JFB】8. Lament—O "my land" (Joe 1:6; 사24:4).
virgin … for the husband—A virgin betrothed was regarded as married (신22:23; 마1:19). The Hebrew for "husband" is "lord" or "possessor," the husband being considered the master of the wife in the East.
of her youth—when the affections are strongest and when sorrow at bereavement is consequently keenest. Suggesting the thought of what Zion's grief ought to be for her separation from Jehovah, the betrothed husband of her early days (렘2:2; 겔16:8; 호2:7; compare 잠2:17; 렘3:4).
【욜1:9 JFB】9. The greatest sorrow to the mind of a religious Jew, and what ought to impress the whole nation with a sense of God's displeasure, is the cessation of the usual temple-worship.
meat offering—Hebrew, mincha; "meat" not in the English sense "flesh," but the unbloody offering made of flour, oil, and frankincense. As it and the drink offering or libation poured out accompanied every sacrificial flesh offering, the latter is included, though not specified, as being also "cut off," owing to there being no food left for man or beast.
priests … mourn—not for their own loss of sacrificial perquisites (민18:8-15), but because they can no longer offer the appointed offerings to Jehovah, to whom they minister.
【욜1:10 JFB】10. field … land—differing in that "field" means the open, unenclosed country; "land," the rich red soil (from a root "to be red") fit for cultivation. Thus, "a man of the field," in Hebrew, is a "hunter"; a "man of the ground" or "land," an "agriculturist" (창25:27). "Field" and "land" are here personified.
new wine—from a Hebrew root implying that it takes possession of the brain, so that a man is not master of himself. So the Arabic term is from a root "to hold captive." It is already fermented, and so intoxicating, unlike the sweet fresh wine, in Joe 1:5, called also "new wine," though a different Hebrew word. It and "the oil" stand for the vine and the olive tree, from which the "wine" and "oil" are obtained (Joe 1:12).
dried up—not "ashamed," as Margin, as is proved by the parallelism to "languisheth," that is, droopeth.
【욜1:11 JFB】11. Be … ashamed—that is, Ye shall have the shame of disappointment on account of the failure of "the wheat" and "barley … harvest."
howl … vine dressers—The semicolon should follow, as it is the "husbandmen" who are to be "ashamed … for the wheat." The reason for the "vine dressers" being called to "howl" does not come till Joe 1:12, "The vine is dried up."
【욜1:12 JFB】12. pomegranate—a tree straight in the stem growing twenty feet high; the fruit is of the size of an orange, with blood-red colored pulp.
palm tree—The dates of Palestine were famous. The palm is the symbol of Judea on coins under the Roman emperor Vespasian. It often grows a hundred feet high.
apple tree—The Hebrew is generic, including the orange, lemon, and pear tree.
joy is withered away—such as is felt in the harvest and the vintage seasons (시4:7; 사9:3).
【욜1:13 JFB】13. Gird yourselves—namely, with sackcloth; as in 사32:11, the ellipsis is supplied (compare 렘4:8).
lament, ye priests—as it is your duty to set the example to others; also as the guilt was greater, and a greater scandal was occasioned, by your sin to the cause of God.
come—the Septuagint, "enter" the house of God (compare Joe 1:14).
lie all night in sackcloth—so Ahab (왕상21:27).
ministers of my God—(고전9:13). Joel claims authority for his doctrine; it is in God's name and by His mission I speak to you.
【욜1:14 JFB】14. Sanctify … a fast—Appoint a solemn fast.
solemn assembly—literally, a "day of restraint" or cessation from work, so that all might give themselves to supplication (Joe 2:15, 16; 삼상7:5, 6; 대하20:3-13).
elders—The contrast to "children" (Joe 2:16) requires age to be intended, though probably elders in office are included. Being the people's leaders in guilt, they ought to be their leaders also in repentance.
【욜1:15 JFB】15. day of the Lord—(Joe 2:1, 11); that is, the day of His anger (사13:9; Ob 15; 습1:7, 15). It will be a foretaste of the coming day of the Lord as Judge of all men, whence it receives the same name. Here the transition begins from the plague of locusts to the worse calamities (Joe 2:1-11) from invading armies about to come on Judea, of which the locusts were the prelude.
【욜1:16 JFB】16. Compare Joe 1:9, and latter part of Joe 1:12.
joy—which prevailed at the annual feasts, as also in the ordinary sacrificial offerings, of which the offerers ate before the Lord with gladness and thanksgivings (신12:6, 7, 12; 16:11, 14, 15).
【욜1:17 JFB】17. is rotten—"is dried up," "vanishes away," from an Arabic root [Maurer]. "Seed," literally, "grains." The drought causes the seeds to lose all their vitality and moisture.
garners—granaries; generally underground, and divided into separate receptacles for the different kinds of grain.
【욜1:18 JFB】18. cattle … perplexed—implying the restless gestures of the dumb beasts in their inability to find food. There is a tacit contrast between the sense of the brute creation and the insensibility of the people.
yea, the … sheep—Even the sheep, which are content with less rich pasturage, cannot find food.
are made desolate—literally, "suffer punishment." The innocent brute shares the "punishment" of guilty man (출12:29; 욘3:7; 4:11).
【욜1:19 JFB】19. to thee will I cry—Joel here interposes, As this people is insensible to shame or fear and will not hear, I will leave them and address myself directly to Thee (compare 사15:5; 렘23:9).
fire—that is, the parching heat.
pastures—"grassy places"; from a Hebrew root "to be pleasant." Such places would be selected for "habitations" (Margin). But the English Version rendering is better than Margin.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.