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■ 요한이서 1장
1. 장로는 택하심을 입은 부녀와 그의 자녀에게 편지하노니 내가 참으로 사랑하는 자요 나뿐 아니라 진리를 아는 모든 자도 그리하는 것은
The elder unto the elect lady and her children , whom I love in the truth ; and not I only , but also all they that have known the truth ;
2. 우리 안에 거하여 영원히 우리와 함께 할 진리를 인함이로다
For the truth’s sake , which dwelleth in us , and shall be with us for ever .
3. 은혜와 긍휼과 평강이 하나님 아버지와 아버지의 아들 예수 그리스도께로부터 진리와 사랑 가운데서 우리와 함께 있으리라
Grace be with you , mercy , and peace , from God the Father , and from the Lord Jesus Christ , the Son of the Father , in truth and love .
4. 너의 자녀 중에 우리가 아버지께 받은 계명대로 진리에 행하는 자를 내가 보니 심히 기쁘도다
I rejoiced greatly that I found of thy children walking in truth , as we have received a commandment from the Father .
5. 부녀여, 내가 이제 네게 구하노니 서로 사랑하자 이는 새 계명 같이 네게 쓰는 것이 아니요 오직 처음부터 우리가 가진 것이라
And now I beseech thee , lady , not as though I wrote a new commandment unto thee , but that which we had from the beginning , that we love one another .
6. 또 사랑은 이것이니 우리가 그 계명을 좇아 행하는 것이요 계명은 이것이니 너희가 처음부터 들은 바와 같이 그 가운데서 행하라 하심이라
And this is love , that we walk after his commandments . This is the commandment , That , as ye have heard from the beginning , ye should walk in it .
7. 미혹하는 자가 많이 세상에 나왔나니 이는 예수 그리스도께서 육체로 임하심을 부인하는 자라 이것이 미혹하는 자요 적그리스도니
For many deceivers are entered into the world , who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh . This is a deceiver and an antichrist .
8. 너희는 너희를 삼가 우리의 일한 것을 잃지 말고 오직 온전한 상을 얻으라
Look to yourselves , that we lose not those things which we have wrought , but that we receive a full reward .
9. 지내쳐 그리스도 교훈 안에 거하지 아니하는 자마다 하나님을 모시지 못하되 교훈 안에 거하는 이 사람이 아버지와 아들을 모시느니라
Whosoever transgresseth , and abideth not in the doctrine of Christ , hath not God . He that abideth in the doctrine of Christ , he hath both the Father and the Son .
10. 누구든지 이 교훈을 가지지 않고 너희에게 나아가거든 그를 집에 들이지도 말고 인사도 말라
If there come any unto you , and bring not this doctrine , receive him not into your house , neither bid him God speed :
11. 그에게 인사하는 자는 그 악한 일에 참예하는 자임이니라
For he that biddeth him God speed is partaker of his evil deeds .
12. 내가 너희에게 쓸 것이 많으나 종이와 먹으로 쓰기를 원치 아니하고 오히려 너희에게 가서 면대하여 말하려 하니 이는 너희 기쁨을 충만케 하려 함이라
Having many things to write unto you , I would not write with paper and ink : but I trust to come unto you , and speak face to face , that our joy may be full .
13. 택하심을 입은 네 자매의 자녀가 네게 문안하느니라
The children of thy elect sister greet thee . Amen .
■ 주석 보기
【요이1:1 JFB】2Jo 1-13. Address: Greeting: Thanksgiving for the Elect Lady's Faithfulness in the Truth: Enjoins Love: Warns against Deceivers, Lest We Lose Our Reward: Conclusion.
1. The elder—In a familiar letter John gives himself a less authoritative designation than "apostle"; so 벧전5:1.
lady—Bengel takes the Greek as a proper name Kyria, answering to the Hebrew "Martha." Being a person of influence, "deceivers" (2Jo 7) were insinuating themselves into her family to seduce her and her children from the faith [Tirinus], whence John felt it necessary to write a warning to her. (But see my Introduction and 벧전5:13). A particular Church, probably that at Babylon, was intended. "Church" is derived from Greek "Kuriake," akin to Kuria, or Kyria here; the latter word among the Romans and Athenians means the same as ecclesia, the term appropriated to designate the Church assembly.
love in the truth—Christian love rests on the Christian truth (2Jo 3, end). Not merely "I love in truth," but "I love in THE truth."
all—All Christians form one fellowship, rejoicing in the spiritual prosperity of one another. "The communion of love is as wide as the communion of faith" [Alford].
【요이1:1 CWC】The second epistle of John is addressed to whom? The word "lady" in the Greek is Kyria, which may be translated as a proper name, and perhaps in this case it should be so understood. Kyria was a common name among the Greeks and refers here, it may be, to some notable saint in the neighborhood of Ephesus, to which John ministered in his old age. The letter is brief, for the writer is soon to make a visit to this sister in Christ and to speak with her face to face (12).
1. The Salutation, verses 1-4, is interesting for three or four things:
(a) The deep humility of the writer.
(b) The tender regard for the sister to whom he writes.
(c) The solicitude for the honor of Jesus Christ.
(d) The insight into the spiritual condition of this sister's household.
2. The burden message of the letter follows, 5-11. This burden is the old one of John -- love. But love in the New Testament means not a passion, not an emotion, a life. An abiding principle influencing for righteousness, this is Christian love. Is not that what John says here (6)? And see how the idea is emphasized in verse 7. Not to love is not to hold to the truth in doctrine and to practice it in life. False teachers do not love. They may be amiable in their social relations, but they have not this Gospel love. They are deceivers, and love and deceit do not go together. And mark the central fact of that truth which constitutes love the confession that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh. This strikes at the Jew's denial of Jesus, certainly, but also how can Christian Science, which denies the material body confess this? Changing the language again to conform to the Revised Version, we see that they are the deceivers and the anti-Christ in spirit who fail to confess that He "cometh in the flesh." It is Christ's second coming John has in mind as truly as His first coming.
In the light of the above consider the warning in verse 8. There is danger of believers losing something which belongs to them. That something is "a full reward." Compare 눅19:1527; 고전3:11-15; 벧후1:21; 고전3:11-15; 2 Peter 1. See 마16:27; 계22:12. Does not the comparison of these passages bear out verse 7 as rendered by the Revised Version?
What is it to transgress as given in verse 9? By the "doctrine of Christ" is not meant merely the things He taught while in the flesh, but the whole doctrine concerning Him, i. e., the whole of the Old and New Testaments. To deny the truth concerning Christ is to deny His first and His second coming, and He who denies this "hath not God." He may speak much of the "Father," but he only has the Father who has the Son. To have the One you must have the Other, (9).
Observe how strenuous we should be in maintaining this doctrine (v. 10). The command "receive him not into your house," is relative. It means not that we are to deny him meat and shelter altogether, if he be in need of them, but that we are not to fellowship him as a brother. Even our personal enemies we are to bless and pray for, if they hunger we are to feed them and if they thirst give them drink. But those who are the enemies of God by being enemies of His truth, we are to have nothing to do with in the capacity of fellow-Christians. We must not aid them in their plans or bid them God speed. How would such a course on our part involve us (11)?
The apostle closes with that allusion to his visit already referred to, and a greeting from Kyria's elect sister. Did this mean her sister in the flesh or only in the faith? And in this last case was it the apostle's wife?
【요이1:1 MHCC】Religion turns compliments into real expressions of respect and love. And old disciple is honourable; an old apostle and leader of disciples is more so. The letter is to a noble Christian matron, and her children; it is well that the gospel should get among such: some noble persons are called. Families are to be encouraged and directed in their love and duties at home. Those who love truth and piety in themselves, should love it in others; and the Christians loved this lady, not for her rank, but for her holiness. And where religion truly dwells, it will abide for ever. From the Divine Persons of the Godhead, the apostle craves grace, Divine favour, and good-will, the spring of all good things. It is grace indeed that any spiritual blessing should be given to sinful mortals. Mercy, free pardon, and forgiveness; for those already rich in grace, need continual forgiveness. Peace, quietness of spirit, and a clear conscience, in assured reconciliation with God, together with all outward prosperity that is really for good: these are desired in truth and love.
【요이1:2 JFB】2. For the truth's sake—joined with "I love," 2Jo 1. "They who love in the truth, also love on account of the truth."
dwelleth in us, and shall be with us for ever—in consonance with Christ's promise.
【요이1:3 JFB】3. Grace be with you—One of the oldest manuscripts and several versions have "us" for you. The Greek is literally, "Grace shall be with us," that is, with both you and me. A prayer, however, is implied besides a confident affirmation.
grace … mercy … peace—"Grace" covers the sins of men; "mercy," their miseries. Grace must first do away with man's guilt before his misery can be relieved by mercy. Therefore grace stands before mercy. Peace is the result of both, and therefore stands third in order. Casting all our care on the Lord, with thanksgiving, maintains this peace.
the Lord—The oldest manuscripts and most of the oldest versions omit "the Lord." John never elsewhere uses this title in his Epistles, but "the Son of God."
in truth and love—The element or sphere in which alone grace, mercy, and peace, have place. He mentions truth in 2Jo 4; love, in 2Jo 5. Paul uses FAITH and love; for faith and truth are close akin.
【요이1:4 JFB】4. I found—probably in one of his missionary tours of superintendence. See Introduction, at the end, and 2Jo 12; 3Jo 10, 14.
of thy children—some.
in truth—that is, in the Gospel truth.
as—even as. "The Father's commandment" is the standard of "the truth."
【요이1:4 MHCC】It is good to be trained to early religion; and children may be beloved for their parents' sake. It gave great joy to the apostle to see children treading in their parents' steps, and likely in their turn to support the gospel. May God bless such families more and more, and raise up many to copy their example. How pleasing the contrast to numbers who spread irreligion, infidelity, and vice, among their children! Our walk is true, our converse right, when according to the word of God. This commandment of mutual Christian love, may be said to be a new one, in respect of its being declared by the Lord Christ; yet, as to the matter, it is old. And this is love to our own souls, that we obey the Divine commands. The foresight of the decay of this love, as well as of other apostacies, or fallings away, might engage the apostle to urge this duty, and this command, frequently and earnestly.
【요이1:5 JFB】5. I beseech—rather (compare Note, see on 요일5:16), "I request thee," implying some degree of authority.
not … new commandment—It was old in that Christians heard it from the first in the Gospel preaching; new, in that the Gospel rested love on the new principle of filial imitation of God who first loved us, and gave Jesus to die for us; and also, in that love is now set forth with greater clearness than in the Old Testament dispensation. Love performs both tables of the law, and is the end of the law and the Gospel alike (compare Notes, see on 요일2:7, 8).
that we—implying that he already had love, and urging her to join him in the same Christian grace. This verse seems to me to decide that a Church, not an individual lady, is meant. For a man to urge a woman ("THEE"; not thee and thy children) that he and she should love one another, is hardly like an apostolic precept, however pure may be the love enjoined; but all is clear if "the lady" represent a Church.
【요이1:6 JFB】6. "Love is the fulfilling of the law" (롬13:10), and the fulfilling of the law is the sure test of love.
This is the commandment—Greek, "The commandment is this," namely, love, in which all God's other commandments are summed up.
【요이1:7 JFB】7. As love and truth go hand in hand (2Jo 3, 4), he feels it needful to give warning against teachers of untruth.
For—giving the reason why he dwelt on truth and on love, which manifests itself in keeping God's commandments (2Jo 6).
many—(요일2:18; 4:1).
are entered—The oldest manuscripts read, "have gone forth," namely, from us.
confess not … Jesus … in the flesh—the token of Antichrist.
is come—Greek, "coming." He who denies Christ's coming in the flesh, denies the possibility of the incarnation; he who denies that he has come, denies its actuality. They denied the possibility of a Messiah's appearing, or coming, in the flesh [Neander]. I think the Greek present participle implies both the first and the second advent of Christ. He is often elsewhere called the Coming One (Greek), 마11:3; 히10:37. The denial of the reality of His manifestation in the flesh, at His first coming, and of His personal advent again, constitutes Antichrist. "The world turns away from God and Christ, busily intent upon its own husks; but to OPPOSE God and Christ is of the leaven of Satan" [Bengel].
This is a, &c.—Greek, "This (such a one as has been just described) is the deceiver and the Antichrist." The many who in a degree fulfil the character, are forerunners of the final personal Antichrist, who shall concentrate in himself all the features of previous Antichristian systems.
【요이1:7 MHCC】The deceiver and his deceit are described: he brings some error concerning the person or office of the Lord Jesus. Such a one is a deceiver and an antichrist; he deludes souls, and undermines the glory and kingdom of the Lord Christ. Let us not think it strange, that there are deceivers and opposers of the Lord Christ's name and dignity now, for there were such, even in the apostles' times. The more deceivers and deceits abound, the more watchful the disciples must be. Sad it is, that splendid attainments in the school of Christ, should ever be lost. The way to gain the full reward is, to abide true to Christ, and constant in religion to the end. Firm cleaving to Christian truth unites us to Christ, and thereby to the Father also; for they are one. Let us equally disregard such as abide not in the doctrine of Christ, and those who transgress his commands. Any who did not profess and preach the doctrine of Christ, respecting him as the Son of God, and salvation by him from guilt and sin, were not to be noticed and countenanced. Yet in obeying this command, we must show kindness and a good spirit to those who differ from us in lesser matters, but hold firmly the all-important doctrines of Christ's person, atonement, and holy salvation.
【요이1:8 JFB】8. Look to yourselves—amidst the widespread prevalence of deception so many being led astray. So Christ's warning, 마24:4, 5, 24.
we lose not … we receive—The oldest manuscripts and versions read, "That YE lose not, but that YE receive."
which we have wrought—So one oldest manuscript reads. Other very old manuscripts, versions, and Fathers, read, "which YE have wrought." The we being seemingly the more difficult reading is less likely to have been a transcriber's alteration. Look that ye lose not the believing state of "truth and love," which WE (as God's workmen, 고후6:1; 딤후2:15) were the instruments of working in you.
a full reward—of grace not of debt. Fully consummated glory. If "which YE have wrought" be read with very old authorities, the reward meant is that of their "work (of faith) and labor of love." There are degrees of heavenly reward proportioned to the degrees of capability of receiving heavenly blessedness. Each vessel of glory hanging on Jesus shall be fully happy. But the larger the vessel, the greater will be its capacity for receiving heavenly bliss. He who with one pound made ten, received authority over ten cities. He who made five pounds received five cities; each according to his capacity of rule, and in proportion to his faithfulness. Compare 고전15:41. "There is no half reward of the saints. It is either lost altogether, or received in full; in full communion with God" [Bengel]. Still no service of minister or people shall fail to receive its reward.
【요이1:9 JFB】9. The loss (2Jo 8) meant is here explained: the not having God, which results from abiding not in the doctrine of Christ.
transgresseth—The oldest manuscripts and versions read, "Every one who takes the lead"; literally, "goes," or "leads on before"; compare 요10:4, "He goeth before them" (not the same Greek). Compare 3Jo 9, "Loveth to have the pre-eminence."
hath not God—(요일2:23; 5:15). The second "of Christ" is omitted in the oldest manuscripts, but is understood in the sense.
He—emphatical: He and He alone.
【요이1:10 JFB】10. If there come any—as a teacher or brother. The Greek is indicative, not subjunctive; implying that such persons do actually come, and are sure to come; when any comes, as there will. True love is combined with hearty renunciation and separation from all that is false, whether persons or doctrines.
receive him not … neither bid him God speed—This is not said of those who were always aliens from the Church, but of those who wish to be esteemed brethren, and subvert the true doctrine [Grotius]. The greeting salutation forbidden in the case of such a one is that usual among Christian brethren in those days, not a mere formality, but a token of Christian brotherhood.
【요이1:11 JFB】11. By wishing a false brother or teacher "God (or 'good') speed," you imply that he is capable as such of good speed and joy (the literal meaning of the Greek), and that you wish him it while opposing Christ; so you identify yourself with "his evil deeds." The Greek of "partaker" is "having communion with." We cannot have communion with saints and with Antichrist at the same time. Here we see John's naturally fiery zeal directed to a right end. Polycarp, the disciple of John, told contemporaries of Irenæus, who narrates the story on their authority, that on one occasion when John was about to bathe, and heard that Cerinthus, the heretic, was within, he retired with abhorrence, exclaiming, Surely the house will fall in ruins since the enemy of the truth is there.
【요이1:12 JFB】12. I would not write—A heart full of love pours itself out more freely face to face, than by letter.
paper—made of Egyptian papyrus. Pens were then reeds split.
ink—made of soot and water, thickened with gum. Parchment was used for the permanent manuscripts in which the Epistles were preserved. Writing tablets were used merely for temporary purposes, as our slates.
face to face—literally, "mouth to mouth."
full—Greek, "filled full." Your joy will be complete in hearing from me in person the joyful Gospel truths which I now defer communicating till I see you. On other occasions his writing the glad truths was for the same purpose.
【요이1:12 MHCC】The apostle refers many things to a personal meeting. Pen and ink were means of strengthening and comforting others; but to see each other is more so. The communion of saints should be maintained by all methods; and should tend to mutual joy. In communion with them we find much of our present joy, and look forward to happiness for ever.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.