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■ 열왕기하 21장
1. 므낫세가 위에 나아갈 때에 나이 십이 세라 예루살렘에서 오십오 년을 치리하니라 그 모친의 이름은 헵시바더라
Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign , and reigned fifty and five years in Jerusalem . And his mother’s name was Hephzi–bah .
2. 므낫세가 여호와 보시기에 악을 행하여 여호와께서 이스라엘 자손 앞에서 쫓아내신 이방 사람의 가증한 일을 본받아서
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord , after the abominations of the heathen , whom the Lord cast out before the children of Israel .
3. 그 부친 히스기야의 헐어버린 산당을 다시 세우며 이스라엘 왕 아합의 소위를 본받아 바알을 위하여 단을 쌓으며 아세라 목상을 만들며 하늘의 일월성신을 숭배하여 섬기며
For he built up again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed ; and he reared up altars for Baal , and made a grove , as did Ahab king of Israel ; and worshipped all the host of heaven , and served them.
4. 여호와께서 전에 이르시기를 내가 내 이름을 예루살렘에 두리라 하신 여호와의 전의 단들을 쌓고
And he built altars in the house of the Lord , of which the Lord said , In Jerusalem will I put my name .
5. 또 여호와의 전 두 마당에 하늘의 일월성신을 위하여 단들을 쌓고
And he built altars for all the host of heaven in the two courts of the house of the Lord .
6. 또 그 아들을 불 가운데로 지나게 하며 점치며 사술을 행하며 신접한 자와 박수를 신임하여 여호와 보시기에 악을 많이 행하여 그 진노를 격발하였으며
And he made his son pass through the fire , and observed times , and used enchantments , and dealt with familiar spirits and wizards : he wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord , to provoke him to anger .
7. 또 자기가 만든 아로새긴 아세라 목상을 전에 세웠더라 옛적에 여호와께서 이 전에 대하여 다윗과 그 아들 솔로몬에게 이르시기를 내가 이스라엘 모든 지파 중에서 택한 이 전과 예루살렘에 내 이름을 영원히 둘지라
And he set a graven image of the grove that he had made in the house , of which the Lord said to David , and to Solomon his son , In this house , and in Jerusalem , which I have chosen out of all tribes of Israel , will I put my name for ever :
8. 만일 이스라엘이 나의 모든 명령과 나의 종 모세의 명한 모든 율법을 지켜 행하면 내가 그들의 발로 다시는 그 열조에게 준 땅에서 떠나 유리하지 않게 하리라 하셨으나
Neither will I make the feet of Israel move any more out of the land which I gave their fathers ; only if they will observe to do according to all that I have commanded them, and according to all the law that my servant Moses commanded them.
9. 이 백성이 듣지 아니하였고 므낫세의 꾀임을 받고 악을 행한 것이 여호와께서 이스라엘 자손 앞에서 멸하신 열방보다 더욱 심하였더라
But they hearkened not: and Manasseh seduced them to do more evil than did the nations whom the Lord destroyed before the children of Israel .
10. 여호와께서 그 종 모든 선지자들로 말씀하여 가라사대
And the Lord spake by his servants the prophets , saying ,
11. 유다 왕 므낫세가 이 가증한 일과 악을 행함이 그 전에 있던 아모리 사람의 행위보다 더욱 심하였고 또 그 우상으로 유다를 범죄케 하였도다
Because Manasseh king of Judah hath done these abominations , and hath done wickedly above all that the Amorites did , which were before him, and hath made Judah also to sin with his idols :
12. 그러므로 이스라엘 하나님 여호와가 말하노니 내가 이제 예루살렘과 유다에 재앙을 내리리니 듣는 자마다 두 귀가 울리리라
Therefore thus saith the Lord God of Israel , Behold, I am bringing such evil upon Jerusalem and Judah , that whosoever heareth of it, both his ears shall tingle .
13. 내가 사마리아를 잰 줄과 아합의 집을 다림보던 추로 예루살렘에 베풀고 또 사람이 그릇을 씻어 엎음 같이 예루살렘을 씻어 버릴지라
And I will stretch over Jerusalem the line of Samaria , and the plummet of the house of Ahab : and I will wipe Jerusalem as a man wipeth a dish , wiping it, and turning it upside down .
14. 내가 나의 기업에서 남은 자를 버려 그 대적의 손에 붙인즉 저희가 모든 대적에게 노략과 겁탈이 되리니
And I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance , and deliver them into the hand of their enemies ; and they shall become a prey and a spoil to all their enemies ;
15. 이는 애굽에서 나온 그 열조 때부터 오늘까지 나의 보기에 악을 행하여 나의 노를 격발하였음이니라 하셨더라
Because they have done that which was evil in my sight , and have provoked me to anger , since the day their fathers came forth out of Egypt , even unto this day .
16. 므낫세가 여호와 보시기에 악을 행하여 유다로 범하게한 그 죄 외에 또 무죄한 자의 피를 심히 많이 흘려 예루살렘 이 가에서 저 가까지 가득하게 하였더라
Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood very much , till he had filled Jerusalem from one end to another ; beside his sin wherewith he made Judah to sin , in doing that which was evil in the sight of the Lord .
17. 므낫세의 남은 사적과 무릇 그 행한바와 범한 죄는 유다 왕 역대지략에 기록되지 아니하였느냐
Now the rest of the acts of Manasseh , and all that he did , and his sin that he sinned , are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah ?
18. 므낫세가 그 열조와 함께 자매 그 궁궐 동산 곧 웃사의 동산에 장사되고 그 아들 아몬이 대신하여 왕이 되니라
And Manasseh slept with his fathers , and was buried in the garden of his own house , in the garden of Uzza : and Amon his son reigned in his stead.
19. 아몬이 위에 나아갈 때에 나이 이십이 세라 예루살렘에서 이 년을 치리하니라 그 모친의 이름은 므술레멧이라 욧바 하루스의 딸이더라
Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign , and he reigned two years in Jerusalem . And his mother’s name was Meshullemeth , the daughter of Haruz of Jotbah .
20. 아몬이 그 부친 므낫세의 행함 같이 여호와 보시기에 악을 행하되
And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord , as his father Manasseh did .
21. 그 부친의 행한 모든 길로 행하여 그 부친의 섬기던 우상을 섬겨 경배하고
And he walked in all the way that his father walked in , and served the idols that his father served , and worshipped them:
22. 그 열조의 하나님 여호와를 버리고 그 길로 행치 아니하더니
And he forsook the Lord God of his fathers , and walked not in the way of the Lord .
23. 그 신복들이 반역하여 왕을 궁중에서 죽이매
And the servants of Amon conspired against him, and slew the king in his own house .
24. 그 국민이 아몬 왕을 반역한 사람들을 다 죽이고 그 아들 요시야로 대신하여 왕을 삼았더라
And the people of the land slew all them that had conspired against king Amon ; and the people of the land made Josiah his son king in his stead.
25. 아몬의 행한바 남은 사적은 유다 왕 역대지략에 기록되지 아니하였느냐
Now the rest of the acts of Amon which he did , are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah ?
26. 아몬이 웃시야의 동산 자기 묘실에 장사되고 그 아들 요시야가 대신하여 왕이 되니라
And he was buried in his sepulchre in the garden of Uzza : and Josiah his son reigned in his stead.
■ 주석 보기
【왕하21:1 JFB】왕하21:1-18. Manasseh's Wicked Reign, and Great Idolatry.
1-3. Manasseh was twelve years old when he began to reign—He must have been born three years after his father's recovery; and his minority, spent under the influence of guardians who were hostile to the religious principles and reforming policy of his father, may account in part for the anti-theocratic principles of his reign. The work of religious reformation which Hezekiah had zealously carried on was but partially accomplished. There was little appearance of its influence on the heart and manners of the people at large. On the contrary, the true fear of God had vanished from the mass of the people; corruption and vice increased, and were openly practised (사28:7, &c.) by the degenerate leaders, who, having got the young prince Manasseh into their power, directed his education, trained him up in their views, and seduced him into the open patronage of idolatry. Hence, when he became sovereign, he introduced the worship of idols, the restoration of high places, and the erection of altars or pillars to Baal, and the placing, in the temple of God itself, a graven image of Asherah, the sacred or symbolic tree, which represented "all the host of heaven." This was not idolatry, but pure star-worship, of Chaldaic and Assyrian origin [Keil]. The sun, as among the Persians, had chariots and horses consecrated to it (왕하23:11); and incense was offered to the stars on the housetops (왕하23:12; 대하33:5; 렘19:13; 습1:5), and in the temple area with the face turned toward the sunrise (겔8:16).
【왕하21:1 CWC】[JUDAH UNDER JOSIAH]
1. His Immediate Predecessors, 21:1-26.
Manasseh's history shows that a good father does not always make a good son. The summary of his reign (vv. 1-9) ranks him with Ahaz, as the two wickedest kings Judah had known. Note that the same punishment which had fallen on Israel is soon to overtake Judah (v. 13), and this notwithstanding Manasseh's "humbleness," as indicated in 대하33:11-19.
The brief reign of Amon (vv. 19-26) was in character a continuation of that of his father, and marks the lowest period in the history of the nation until that time.
2. His Restoration of the True Worship, c. 22.
The youth of Josiah suggests that he may have been under a regency at first as in the case of Joash (12:3) though there is no mention of it. The temple had not been repaired since that king, 250 years before, which explains certain things in this chapter, especially when the wickedness and idolatry of some of the intervening reigns are considered.
"The book of the law" (v. 8) is regarded by scholars as the Pentateuch, which during the apostasy had been lost to public knowledge except as a tradition. Some of the older rabbis held that it was the original manuscript of Moses. Another theory is that Manasseh had ordered all copies to be destroyed, but that some faithful priest had concealed this copy until now.
Jeremiah and Zephaniah were prophets contemporaneous with Josiah, but the reason Huldah was inquired of, and not they, is probably because she "dwelt in Jerusalem" (v. 14), where the others may not have been at this time.
3. His Extension of the Reform Movement, c. 23.
It will be noticed that after the king had put an end to all illegal worship in Judah, he extended the reform, or the revival, to the former kingdom of Israel, where that worship had originally arisen (23:15-20).
Observe from verses 26 and 27 that God has not changed His purpose concerning the removal of Judah, which proves that, although in this reign the law was kept externally, yet the nation was by no means converted.
4. His Death and the Succession, vv. 29-37.
The story of Josiah's death (vv. 29, 30) is more fully related in 2 Chronicles. One reason he marched against Pharaoh was that although the latter's objective was Assyria, yet he was trespassing on Jewish soil to attain it.Jehoahaz, whom the people preferred as his successor (v. 30), was a younger son, but he was soon deposed by the Egyptians, who placed his brother on the throne, making him their vassal (vv. 34, 35).Questions.
1. How long did Manasseh reign?
2. What chastisement befell him during his lifetime, and why?
3. What effect had this upon his spirit?
4. What decree is now uttered against Judah?
5. What earlier king of Judah does Josiah suggest?
6. Name two or three parallel incidents in their histories.
7. How would you explain the loss of the book of the law?
8. With what is this book identified?
9. What two prophets, whose books have come down to us, were contemporaneous with this reign?
10. Did Josiah die a natural death?
THE BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY
【왕하21:1 MHCC】Young persons generally desire to become their own masters, and to have early possession of riches and power. But this, for the most part, ruins their future comfort, and causes mischief to others. It is much happier when young persons are sheltered under the care of parents or guardians, till age gives experience and discretion. Though such young persons are less indulged, they will afterwards be thankful. Manasseh wrought much wickedness in the sight of the Lord, as if on purpose to provoke him to anger; he did more evil than the nations whom the Lord destroyed. Manasseh went on from bad to worse, till carried captive to Babylon. The people were ready to comply with his wishes, to obtain his favour and because it suited their depraved inclinations. In the reformation of large bodies, numbers are mere time-servers, and in temptation fall away.
【왕하21:5 JFB】5. the two courts of the house of the Lord—the court of the priests, and the large court of the people.
【왕하21:6 JFB】6. made his son pass through the fire—(See on 왕하16:3).
observed times—from an observation of the clouds.
used enchantments—jugglery and spells.
dealt with familiar spirits—Septuagint, "ventriloquists," who pretended to ask counsel of a familiar spirit and gave the response received from him to others.
and wizards—wise or knowing ones, who pretended to reveal secrets, to recover things lost and hidden treasure, and to interpret dreams. A great influx of these impostors had, at various times, poured from Chaldea into the land of Israel to pursue their gainful occupations, especially during the reigns of the latter kings; and Manasseh was not only their liberal patron, but zealous to appear himself an adept in the arts. He raised them to be an influential class at his court, as they were in that of Assyria and Babylon, where nothing was done till they had ascertained the lucky hour and were promised a happy issue.
【왕하21:7 JFB】7. And he set a graven image—The placing of the Asherah within the precincts of the temple, which was dedicated to the worship of the true God, is dwelt upon as the most aggravated outrage of the royal idolater.
【왕하21:8 JFB】8. Neither will I make the feet of Israel move … out of the land which I gave their fathers—alluding to the promise (삼하7:10).
only if they will observe, &c.—This condition was expressed from the first plantation of Israel in Canaan. But that people not only did not keep it, but through the pernicious influence of Manasseh, were seduced into greater excesses of idolatrous corruption than even the original Canaanites.
【왕하21:10 JFB】10-17. And the Lord spake by his servants the prophets—These were Hosea, Joel, Nahum, Habakkuk, and Isaiah. Their counsels, admonitions, and prophetic warnings, were put on record in the national chronicles (대하33:18) and now form part of the sacred canon.
【왕하21:10 MHCC】Here is the doom of Judah and Jerusalem. The words used represent the city emptied and utterly desolate, yet not destroyed thereby, but cleansed, and to be kept for the future dwelling of the Jews: forsaken, yet not finally, and only as to outward privileges, for individual believers were preserved in that visitation. The Lord will cast off any professing people who dishonour him by their crimes, but never will desert his cause on earth. In the book of Chronicles we read of Manasseh's repentance, and acceptance with God; thus we may learn not to despair of the recovery of the greatest sinners. But let none dare to persist in sin, presuming that they may repent and reform when they please. There are a few instances of the conversion of notorious sinners, that none may despair; and but few, that none may presume.
【왕하21:12 JFB】12. whosoever heareth of it, both his ears shall tingle—a strong metaphorical form of announcing an extraordinary and appalling event (see 삼상3:11; 렘19:3; also 합1:5).
【왕하21:13 JFB】13. the line of Samaria, and the plummet of the house of Ahab—Captives doomed to destruction were sometimes grouped together and marked off by means of a measuring-line and plummet (삼하8:2; 사34:11; 암7:7); so that the line of Samaria means the line drawn for the destruction of Samaria; the plummet of the house of Ahab, for exterminating his apostate family; and the import of the threatening declaration here is that Judah would be utterly destroyed, as Samaria and the dynasty of Ahab had been.
I will wipe Jerusalem, &c.—The same doom is denounced more strongly in a figure unmistakably significant.
【왕하21:14 JFB】14. I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance—The people of Judah, who of all the chosen people alone remained. The consequence of the Lord's forsaking them would be their fall into the power of their enemies.
【왕하21:16 JFB】16. Moreover Manasseh shed innocent blood—Not content with the patronage and the practice of idolatrous abomination, he was a cruel persecutor of all who did not conform. The land was deluged with the blood of good men; among whom it is traditionally said Isaiah suffered a horrid death, by being sawn asunder (see on 히11:37).
【왕하21:19 JFB】왕하21:19-26. Amon's Wicked Reign.
19-24. Amon was twenty and two years old when he began to reign—This prince continued the idolatrous policy of his father; and, after an inglorious reign of two years, he was massacred by some of his own domestics. The people slew the regicide conspirators and placed his son Josiah on the throne.
【왕하21:19 MHCC】Amon profaned God's house with his idols; and God suffered his house to be polluted with his blood. How unrighteous soever they were that did it, God was righteous who suffered it to be done. Now was a happy change from one of the worst, to one of the best of the kings of Judah. Once more Judah was tried with a reformation. Whether the Lord bears long with presumptuous offenders, or speedily cuts them off in their sins, all must perish who persist in refusing to walk in his ways.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.