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■ 열왕기상 5장
1. 솔로몬이 기름 부음을 받고 그 부친을 이어 왕이 되었다 함을 두로 왕 히람이 듣고 그 신복을 솔로몬에게 보내었으니 이는 히람이 평일에 다윗을 사랑하였음이라
And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants unto Solomon ; for he had heard that they had anointed him king in the room of his father : for Hiram was ever a lover of David .
2. 이에 솔로몬이 히람에게 기별하여 가로되
And Solomon sent to Hiram , saying ,
3. 당신도 알거니와 내 부친 다윗이 사방의 전쟁으로 인하여 전을 건축하지 못하고 여호와께서 그 원수들을 그 발바닥 밑에 두시기를 기다렸나이다
Thou knowest how that David my father could not build an house unto the name of the Lord his God for the wars which were about him on every side , until the Lord put them under the soles of his feet .
4. 이제 내 하나님 여호와께서 내게 사방의 태평을 주시매 대적도 없고 재앙도 없도다
But now the Lord my God hath given me rest on every side , so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrent .
5. 여호와께서 내 부친 다윗에게 하신 말씀에 내가 너를 이어 네 위에 오르게 할 네 아들 그가 내 이름을 위하여 전을 건축하리라 하신 대로 내가 내 하나님 여호와의 이름을 위하여 전을 건축하려 하오니
And, behold, I purpose to build an house unto the name of the Lord my God , as the Lord spake unto David my father , saying , Thy son , whom I will set upon thy throne in thy room, he shall build an house unto my name .
6. 당신은 영을 내려 나를 위하여 레바논에서 백향목을 베어내게 하소서 나의 종과 당신의 종이 함께할 것이요 또 내가 당신의 모든 말씀대로 당신의 종의 삯을 당신에게 붙이리이다 당신도 알거니와 우리 중에는 시돈 사람처럼 벌목을 잘하는 자가 없나이다
Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon ; and my servants shall be with thy servants : and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint : for thou knowest that there is not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians .
7. 히람이 솔로몬의 말을 듣고 크게 기뻐하여 가로되 오늘날 여호와를 찬양할지로다 저가 다윗에게 지혜로운 아들을 주사 그 많은 백성을 다스리게 하셨도다 하고
And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon , that he rejoiced greatly , and said , Blessed be the Lord this day , which hath given unto David a wise son over this great people .
8. 이에 솔로몬에게 기별하여 가로되 당신의 기별하신 말씀을 내가 듣고 내 백향목 재목과 잣나무 재목에 대하여는 당신의 바라시는 대로 할지라
And Hiram sent to Solomon , saying , I have considered the things which thou sentest to me for: and I will do all thy desire concerning timber of cedar , and concerning timber of fir .
9. 내 종이 레바논에서 바다로 수운하겠고 내가 그것을 바다에서 떼로 엮어 당신이 지정하는 곳으로 보내고 거기서 그것을 풀리니 당신은 받으시고 나의 원을 이루어서 나의 궁정을 위하여 식물을 주소서 하고
My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon unto the sea : and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive them: and thou shalt accomplish my desire , in giving food for my household .
10. 솔로몬의 모든 원대로 백향목 재목과 잣나무 재목을 주매
So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire .
11. 솔로몬이 히람에게 그 궁정의 식물로 밀 이만 석과 맑은 기름 이십 석을 주고 해마다 그와 같이 주었더라
And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food to his household , and twenty measures of pure oil : thus gave Solomon to Hiram year by year .
12. 여호와께서 그 말씀대로 솔로몬에게 지혜를 주시므로 히람과 솔로몬이 친목하여 두 사람이 함께 약조를 맺었더라
And the Lord gave Solomon wisdom , as he promised him: and there was peace between Hiram and Solomon ; and they two made a league together .
13. 이에 솔로몬 왕이 온 이스라엘에서 역군을 불러 일으키니 그 역군의 수가 삼만이라
And king Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel ; and the levy was thirty thousand men .
14. 솔로몬이 저희들을 한 달에 일만 인씩 번갈아 레바논으로 보내매 저희들이 한 달은 레바논에 있고 두 달은 집에 있으며 아도니람은 감독이 되었고
And he sent them to Lebanon , ten thousand a month by courses : a month they were in Lebanon , and two months at home : and Adoniram was over the levy .
15. 솔로몬에게 또 담군이 칠만 인이요 산에서 돌을 뜨는 자가 팔만 인이며
And Solomon had threescore and ten thousand that bare burdens , and fourscore thousand hewers in the mountains ;
16. 이 외에 그 역사를 동독하는 관리가 삼천삼백 인이라 저희가 일하는 백성을 거느렸더라
Beside the chief of Solomon’s officers which were over the work , three thousand and three hundred , which ruled over the people that wrought in the work .
17. 이에 왕이 영을 내려 크고 귀한 돌을 떠다가 다듬어서 전의 기초석으로 놓게 하매
And the king commanded , and they brought great stones , costly stones , and hewed stones , to lay the foundation of the house .
18. 솔로몬의 건축자와 히람의 건축자와 그발 사람이 그 돌을 다듬고 전을 건축하기 위하여 재목과 돌들을 갖추니라
And Solomon’s builders and Hiram’s builders did hew them, and the stonesquarers : so they prepared timber and stones to build the house .
■ 주석 보기
【왕상5:1 JFB】왕상5:1-6. Hiram Sends to Congratulate Solomon.
1. Hiram … sent his servants unto Solomon—the grandson of David's contemporary [Kitto]; or the same Hiram [Winer and others]. The friendly relations which the king of Tyre had cultivated with David are here seen renewed with his son and successor, by a message of condolence as well as of congratulation on his accession to the throne of Israel. The alliance between the two nations had been mutually beneficial by the encouragement of useful traffic. Israel, being agricultural, furnished corn and oil, while the Tyrians, who were a commercial people, gave in exchange their Phœnician manufactures, as well as the produce of foreign lands. A special treaty was now entered into in furtherance of that undertaking which was the great work of Solomon's splendid and peaceful reign.
【왕상5:1 CWC】[SOLOMON'S GREATNESS AND WISDOM]
1. His Egyptian Alliance, c. 3:1.
It is disappointing at the beginning to speak of that which betokens neither greatness nor wisdom on Solomon's part, looking at it from the highest point of view. This marriage with a heathen wife was contrary to the law of God (Ex. 34: 16); and while it was entered into for political reasons, and to strengthen Israel's hands, yet in the end it weakened them, as Israel came to trust in Pharaoh more than Jehovah.
And yet Solomon loved the Lord, and served Him with the limitations named in these verses, and the Lord was longsuffering toward him as with his father David.
Some think that since Solomon was not divinely rebuked for marrying this princess, as he was later for marrying other foreigners, she may have consented to become a proselyte to the Jewish religion. It is interesting also that the Song of Songs and the 45th Psalm were probably composed in her honor, although both, in the mind of the Holy Spirit, had a typical reference to the relation of Jehovah to Israel, or Christ to His Church, or both. The "high places" in verse 2, were altars erected on natural or artificial eminences, on the theory that the worshipper was thus brought nearer the Deity. They had been prohibited by Moses because of their association with idolatry (레17:3, 4. etc.); but, as the temple was not yet built in Israel and the tabernacle was moved about from place to place, they seem to have been tolerated without special rebuke from God.
2. His Noble Request, vv. 5-15.
Observe that the wisdom Solomon desired was not of the heavenly but the earthly kind (v. 9). Noble it was, and yet Solomon might have had something still more worth while had he sought it. How does God's answer illustrate Ephesians 3 :20?
Solomon's expression "I am but a little child" (v. 7) is not to be taken in the sense of years but experience. He was probably twenty at this period.
3. His State and Retinue, c. 4:1-28.
How do verses 11 and 15 indicate that this chapter is dealing with a later period in Solomon's reign?
Observe the development of the kingdom at this time as indicated by these officials. The word "priest" (v. 2), it is thought, should be rendered "prince," so that Azariah was probably prime minister; then follow three secretaries of state (?), a historiographer, a military commander in chief, a high priest, provincial governors (?), a confidential adviser, a steward or chamberlain, a state treasurer or collector of customs, etc. (vv. 2-6).
Afterward local revenue officers are named, for the taxes raised were in the products of the soil rather than money. These were put in store cities in the different localities until required at the palace (w. 7-21). Compare chapter 9:19.
The "provision" in verses 22 and 23 refers to the tables of the king's concubines, courtiers, guests, etc., as well as his private board.
4. His Fame, w. 28-34.
This exceeded that of the Chaldeans or Persians, or Egyptians, renowned as the last named were for all kinds of learning (v. 30). There were none of his contemporaries he did not excel (v. 31). He was author of wise sayings and songs by the thousands (v. 32). He was a master of forestry and arboriculture, of zoology, and ornithology and ichthology, so that kings as well as lesser people came to listen to and confer with him.
5. His Friends, c. 5.
Among the kings who came to pay court was Hiram of Tyre, who, whether he was the Hiram of David's time, or his son or grandson, it is difficult to say. This results in a contract for the building of the temple, in which the skilled workmen of Tyre are yoked with the commoner laborers of Israel (v. 6). Advantages are to be reciprocated (v. 9). Compare chapter 9:20, also 대하2:17, 18 and 8:7-9 from which we gather who were the laborers Solomon laid tribute upon for this work. The stones in verses 17 and 18 are still seen in the lower foundations of the site of the ancient temple.
Questions.
1. Have you read the 45th Psalm?
2. What does the Song of Songs typify?
3. Why were altars built on high places?
4. Quote 엡3:30.
5. Name from memory the offices in Solomon's kingdom.
6. Name some of the branches of Solomon's learning.
7. For what arts or trades were the Phoenicians (or Tyrians) noted?
8. What do you recall of the dealings between Hiram and David?
BUILDING THE TEMPLE
Chapters 6, 7
1. The Work in Outline, c. 6:1-14.
Note the particularities as to date, dimensions and general appearance (vv. 1-4), on which space will not permit extended comment. As to the size of the cubit, the question as to whether the elevation is external or internal, the description and purpose of the windows, for example, students must be referred to Bible dictionaries.
The chambers (vv. 5-10) on three sides of the temple seem to have been three stories high, each wider than that beneath it, with a winding stairway on the interior leading to the middle and upper stories.
Travelers speak of a quarry near Jerusalem from which the stones are likely to have come. There is evidence too, that they were dressed there as the text says (v. 7), for other stones like them in size and substance are found in the remains.
The communication of the Lord to Solomon is significant of encouragement and warning. When He speaks of dwelling among His people it has the same meaning as when He used the words in the wilderness. The visible glory resting over the mercy seat in the most holy place was the token of His presence. It remained there while the nation served Him, and this meant that He was protecting and blessing them.
2. The Details, vv. 15-38.
Verse 15 reveals that the walls were sheathed with cedar and the floor planked with fir or cypress; thus the stone was entirely hidden. The walls were carved in relief with foliage and flowers (v. 18) and cherubim and palm trees (v. 29). But the whole was overlaid with gold (v. 22).
Comparing the first and last verses of the chapter, how long was the temple in building? In round numbers how does the last verse reckon it?
3. Solomon's Own Palace, c. 7:1-12.
Perhaps the longer time occupied in building this is explained by the fact that its completion was not so urgent or important as the temple, and that the same preparation for it had not been made in advance (v. 1).
In the Revised Version verse 2 begins: "For he built the house of the forest of Lebanon." This indicates that it is still his own house which is referred to, the material for which came from the same locality as that for the temple.
The edifice seems to have been oblong (v. 2), with a front porch used as a judgment hall (vv. 6, 7). There was also a large hall in the center, on one side of which were the king's apartments and on the other those of the queen (v. 8). Compare 에2:3, 9.
The phrase in verse 12, "the inner court of the house of the Lord," should read as in the Revised Version, "like as the inner court," etc. The meaning is that, in the palace as in the temple, the same rows of hewn stones and cedar beams formed the wall.
4. The Foreign Craftsman and His Work, vv. 13-51.
This "Hiram" was not the king of Tyre, but another man of that country by the same name, and evidently a genius in mental work (v. 14).
Tyrians and other Phoenicians were not only great workers in timber (v. 6), but renowned the world over for the art in which he so greatly excelled.
But Hiram had Jewish blood in him too (v. 14). Here he is said to be of the tribe of Naphtali on his mother's side, while 대하2:14 speaks of her as of Dan; but she may have belonged to the first named while living in Dan.
Hiram's work, consisted, first, of the pillars of the temple and their capitols, the latter beautifully ornamented, and which were named as they were set up. For the meaning of these names see the margin of your Bible (vv. 15-22).
Next came the "molten sea," (vv. 23-26), which was not the same as the brazen laver of the tabernacle, as will be seen by comparing 대하4:1-6, especially verse 6.
Then "the ten bases of brass," (vv. 27-39), which, according to verse 38, were for the support of the brazen lavers. And these in turn were for the washing of the sacrifices (see 2 Chronicles 1, as above).
Hiram also made what other things (v. 40)? What locality was selected for the furnaces, and why? (For answer to the last half of this question compare the margin with the text of the verse). The reference here is to bronze rather than what we know as brass.
Observe in verse 51 that in addition to the furnishings which Solomon made for the temple and which were modeled after those in the tabernacle of the wilderness, he also deposited therein the sacred articles "which David his father had dedicated," though they probably were not used.
Questions.
1. What archaeological evidence is borne to the historical character of this narrative?
2. How does God encourage and warn Solomon?
3. Why may a longer period have been taken in building the palace than the temple?
4. For what were the people on the north of Palestine noted?
5. How would you harmonize verse 14 with the corresponding reference in 2 Chronicles?
6. What do the words "Jachin" and "Boaz" mean?
7. For what use was "the molten sea"?
DEDICATION OF THE TEMPLE
Chapters 8, 9
1. The Time, 8:1, 2.
Since the temple was completed in the eighth month of the previous year (6:38) and not dedicated until the seventh of the following, how shall we explain the interval? The reason usually assigned is that the king waited for the feast of tabernacles in the fall when one of the greatest assemblies took place, and for this purpose the most appropriate.
2. The Grand Procession, vv. 3-9.
Observe who were the leading actors (v. 3). Also what articles they carried (v. 4). The "tabernacle" means the old tabernacle of the wilderness, which had been located at Gibeon and was now to be preserved in the temple at Jerusalem.
Notice the sacrificing on the march (v. 5). Notice that it was the original ark of the covenant that was placed in the most holy place of the temple (v. 6). "The wings of the cherubim" mean those that Solomon caused to be placed there, and larger than those of Moses' time which were firmly attached to the ark itself (출37:7, 8). The staves at the end of the ark were drawn out to be seen in the holy place, but not beyond it (v. 8). This was to guide the high priest on the day of atonement, that he might be able to enter the most holy place in the thick darkness (출25:15).
Note what the ark contained (v. 9), and compare Hebrew 9:4. This last Scripture should be understood as teaching that the things it names were placed by and not in the ark. (See 출16:33; 민17:10).
3. The Divine Acceptance of the Work, vv. 10, 11.
It is only necessary to compare these verses with 출40:34, to see the significance of this act of Jehovah. He thus established Himself in Israel and took His seat on the throne of His glory. What satisfaction it must have brought to Solomon, and indeed all the faithful in Israel. What a reward for their endeavors! Oh, if they had only been faithful thereafter, that the Lord might never have departed from them! What a different story this world would have had to tell.
But how glad we should be that that glory is coming back to Israel, and the world is at length to be blessed thereby. Let us pray for the peace of Jerusalem. They shall prosper that love her (시122:6).
4. Solomon's Blessing, vv. 12-21.
Just what is meant by the "thick darkness" (v. 12) is not easy to determine unless it is the cloud and pillar of fire of earlier days which indicated Jehovah's presence. The rest of the words of Solomon's blessing, however, are plain.
5. The Prayer and Benediction, vv. 22-61.
For the place where the king stood and knelt see 대하6:13.
How strange that the king should have thus ministered and not the high priest? But it was lawful for him to minister about holy things though he might not minister in them.
After the ascription of praise to Jehovah (vv. 22-30), the prayer contains seven petitions or references to as many occasions when His interposing mercy might be required. Let the student discover them (vv. 31-53).
The chapter closes with an account of the surpassing number of sacrifices presented and the rejoicings of the people for the goodness of God.
6. Jehovah's Response, 9:1-9.
If the words of this vision are studied carefully they will be found to contain an answer to all Solomon's petitions.
Verses 7-9, however, are a prophecy finding a sad fulfillment in our time because of Israel's unfaithfulness. Their location in the record at this point leads up to the story of the king's worldly ambitions which were the beginning of the nation's decline.
7. The Compensation of the King of Tyre, vv. 10-14.
For the twenty years that Hiram the king aided Solomon (v. 10), the latter gave him twenty cities, a city a year. Doubtless they were adjacent to his territory and were those which never had been conquered by Israel and were still inhabited by Canaanites.
These cities being unacceptable to him (w. 12, 13), he was recompensed in some other way, and Solomon took control of them in his own hands and peopled them with Israelites (대하8:2).
8. The Levy, vv. 15-25.
The dedication of the temple seems to close at verse 25, for which reason the preceding verses about the levy are included in this lesson, though their exact bearing upon it may not appear at first sight. Perhaps the connection is discovered by going back to chapter 5:13 and the following verses.
However, the reason for the levy of both men and money is clear from the many great works Solomon undertook as indicated in this chapter. Observe that the people levied upon (vv. 20-22) were the Canaanites who had not been subdued or exterminated at the conquest. (See 대하2:18.) As prisoners of war they did the drudgery, while the men of Israel had the more honorable employment.
【왕상5:1 MHCC】Here is Solomon's design to build a temple. There is no adversary, no Satan, so the word is; no instrument of Satan to oppose it, or to divert from it. Satan does all he can, to hinder temple work. When there is no evil abroad, then let us be ready and active in that which is good, and get forward. Let God's promises quicken our endeavours. And all outward skill and advantages should be made serviceable to the interests of Christ's kingdom.—If Tyre supplies Israel with craftsmen, Israel will supply Tyre with corn, 겔27:17. Thus, by the wise disposal of Providence, one country has need of another, and is benefitted by another, that there may be dependence on one another, to the glory of God.
【왕상5:6 JFB】6. command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon—Nowhere else could Solomon have procured materials for the woodwork of his contemplated building. The forests of Lebanon, adjoining the seas in Solomon's time, belonged to the Phœnicians, and the timber being a lucrative branch of their exports, immense numbers of workmen were constantly employed in the felling of trees as well as the transportation and preparation of the wood. Hiram stipulated to furnish Solomon with as large a quantity of cedars and cypresses as he might require and it was a great additional obligation that he engaged to render the important service of having it brought down, probably by the Dog river, to the seaside, and conveyed along the coast in floats; that is, the logs being bound together, to the harbor of Joppa (대하2:16), whence they could easily find the means of transport to Jerusalem.
my servants shall be with thy servants—The operations were to be on so extensive a scale that the Tyrians alone would be insufficient. A division of labor was necessary, and while the former would do the work that required skilful artisans, Solomon engaged to supply the laborers.
【왕상5:7 JFB】왕상5:7-12. Furnishes Timber to Build the Temple.
7. Blessed be the Lord—This language is no decisive evidence that Hiram was a worshipper of the true God, as he might use it only on the polytheistic principle of acknowledging Jehovah as the God of the Hebrews (see on 대하2:11).
【왕상5:8 JFB】8. Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things … and I will do—The contract was drawn out formally in a written document (대하2:11), which, according to Josephus, was preserved both in the Jewish and Tyrian records.
【왕상5:10 JFB】10. fir trees—rather, the cypress.
【왕상5:10 MHCC】The temple was chiefly built by the riches and labour of Gentiles, which typified their being called into the church. Solomon commanded, and they brought costly stones for the foundation. Christ, who is laid for a Foundation, is a chosen and precious Stone. We should lay our foundation firm, and bestow most pains on that part of our religion which lies out of the sight of men. And happy those who, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, for a habitation of God through the Spirit. Who among us will build in the house of the Lord?
【왕상5:11 JFB】11. food to his household—This was an annual supply for the palace, different from that mentioned in 대하2:10, which was for the workmen in the forests.
【왕상5:13 JFB】왕상5:13-18. Solomon's Workmen and Laborers.
13. Solomon raised a levy out of all Israel—The renewed notice of Solomon's divine gift of wisdom (왕상5:12) is evidently introduced to prepare for this record of the strong but prudent measures he took towards the accomplishment of his work. So great a stretch of arbitrary power as is implied in this compulsory levy would have raised great discontent, if not opposition, had not his wise arrangement of letting the laborers remain at home two months out of three, added to the sacredness of the work, reconciled the people to this forced labor. The carrying of burdens and the irksome work of excavating the quarries was assigned to the remnant of the Canaanites (왕상9:20; 대하8:7-9) and war prisoners made by David—amounting to 153,600. The employment of persons of that condition in Eastern countries for carrying on any public work, would make this part of the arrangements the less thought of.
【왕상5:17 JFB】17. brought great stones—The stone of Lebanon is "hard, calcareous, whitish and sonorous, like free stone" [Shaw]. The same white and beautiful stone can be obtained in every part of Syria and Palestine.
hewed stones—or neatly polished, as the Hebrew word signifies (출20:25). Both Jewish and Tyrian builders were employed in hewing these great stones.
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