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■ 열왕기상 19장
1. 아합이 엘리야의 무릇 행한 일과 그가 어떻게 모든 선지자를 칼로 죽인 것을 이세벨에게 고하니
And Ahab told Jezebel all that Elijah had done , and withal how he had slain all the prophets with the sword .
2. 이세벨이 사자를 엘리야에게 보내어 이르되 내가 내일 이맘때에는 정녕 네 생명으로 저 사람들 중 한 사람의 생명 같게 하리라 아니하면 신들이 내게 벌 위에 벌을 내림이 마땅하니라 한지라
Then Jezebel sent a messenger unto Elijah , saying , So let the gods do to me, and more also, if I make not thy life as the life of one of them by to morrow about this time .
3. 저가 이 형편을 보고 일어나 그 생명을 위하여 도망하여 유다에 속한 브엘세바에 이르러 자기의 사환을 그곳에 머물게 하고
And when he saw that, he arose , and went for his life , and came to Beer–sheba , which belongeth to Judah , and left his servant there.
4. 스스로 광야로 들어가 하룻 길쯤 행하고 한 로뎀나무 아래 앉아서 죽기를 구하여 가로되 여호와여 넉넉하오니 지금 내 생명을 취하옵소서 나는 내 열조보다 낫지 못하니이다 하고
But he himself went a day’s journey into the wilderness , and came and sat down under a juniper tree : and he requested for himself that he might die ; and said , It is enough ; now, O Lord , take away my life ; for I am not better than my fathers .
5. 로뎀나무 아래 누워 자더니 천사가 어루만지며 이르되 일어나서 먹으라 하는지라
And as he lay and slept under a juniper tree , behold, then an angel touched him, and said unto him, Arise and eat .
6. 본즉 머리맡에 숯불에 구운 떡과 한 병 물이 있더라 이에 먹고 마시고 다시 누웠더니
And he looked , and, behold, there was a cake baken on the coals , and a cruse of water at his head . And he did eat and drink , and laid him down again .
7. 여호와의 사자가 또 다시 와서 어루만지며 이르되 일어나서 먹으라 네가 길을 이기지 못할까 하노라 하는지라
And the angel of the Lord came again the second time , and touched him, and said , Arise and eat ; because the journey is too great for thee.
8. 이에 일어나 먹고 마시고 그 식물의 힘을 의지하여 사십 주 사십 야를 행하여 하나님의 산 호렙에 이르니라
And he arose , and did eat and drink , and went in the strength of that meat forty days and forty nights unto Horeb the mount of God .
9. 엘리야가 그곳 굴에 들어가 거기서 유하더니 여호와의 말씀이 저에게 임하여 이르시되 엘리야야 네가 어찌하여 여기 있느냐
And he came thither unto a cave , and lodged there; and, behold, the word of the Lord came to him, and he said unto him, What doest thou here, Elijah ?
10. 저가 대답하되 내가 만군의 하나님 여호와를 위하여 열심이 특심하오니 이는 이스라엘 자손이 주의 언약을 버리고 주의 단을 헐며 칼로 주의 선지자들을 죽였음이오며 오직 나만 남았거늘 저희가 내 생명을 찾아 취하려 하나이다
And he said , I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts : for the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant , thrown down thine altars , and slain thy prophets with the sword ; and I, even I only, am left ; and they seek my life , to take it away .
11. 여호와께서 가라사대 너는 나가서 여호와의 앞에서 산에 섰으라 하시더니 여호와께서 지나가시는데 여호와의 앞에 크고 강한 바람이 산을 가르고 바위를 부수나 바람 가운데 여호와께서 계시지 아니하며 바람 후에 지진이 있으나 지진 가운데도 여호와께서 계시지 아니하며
And he said , Go forth , and stand upon the mount before the Lord . And, behold, the Lord passed by , and a great and strong wind rent the mountains , and brake in pieces the rocks before the Lord ; but the Lord was not in the wind : and after the wind an earthquake ; but the Lord was not in the earthquake :
12. 또 지진 후에 불이 있으나 불 가운데도 여호와께서 계시지 아니하더니 불 후에 세미한 소리가 있는지라
And after the earthquake a fire ; but the Lord was not in the fire : and after the fire a still small voice .
13. 엘리야가 듣고 겉옷으로 얼굴을 가리우고 나가 굴 어귀에 서매 소리가 있어 저에게 임하여 가라사대 엘리야야 네가 어찌하여 여기 있느냐
And it was so, when Elijah heard it, that he wrapped his face in his mantle , and went out , and stood in the entering in of the cave . And, behold, there came a voice unto him, and said , What doest thou here, Elijah ?
14. 저가 대답하되 내가 만군의 하나님 여호와를 위하여 열심이 특심하오니 이는 이스라엘 자손이 주의 언약을 버리고 주의 단을 헐며 칼로 주의 선지자들을 죽였음이오며 오직 나만 남았거늘 저희가 내 생명을 찾아 취하려 하나이다
And he said , I have been very jealous for the Lord God of hosts : because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant , thrown down thine altars , and slain thy prophets with the sword ; and I, even I only, am left ; and they seek my life , to take it away .
15. 여호와께서 저에게 이르시되 너는 네 길을 돌이켜 광야로 말미암아 다메섹에 가서 이르거든 하사엘에게 기름을 부어 아람 왕이 되게 하고
And the Lord said unto him, Go , return on thy way to the wilderness of Damascus : and when thou comest , anoint Hazael to be king over Syria :
16. 너는 또 님시의 아들 예후에게 기름을 부어 이스라엘 왕이 되게 하고 또 아벨므홀라 사밧의 아들 엘리사에게 기름을 부어 너를 대신하여 선지자가 되게 하라
And Jehu the son of Nimshi shalt thou anoint to be king over Israel : and Elisha the son of Shaphat of Abel–meholah shalt thou anoint to be prophet in thy room.
17. 하사엘의 칼을 피하는 자를 예후가 죽일 것이요 예후의 칼을 피하는 자를 엘리사가 죽이리라
And it shall come to pass, that him that escapeth the sword of Hazael shall Jehu slay : and him that escapeth from the sword of Jehu shall Elisha slay .
18. 그러나 내가 이스라엘 가운데 칠천 인을 남기리니 다 무릎을 바알에게 꿇지 아니하고 다 그 입을 바알에게 맞추지 아니한 자니라
Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel , all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal , and every mouth which hath not kissed him.
19. 엘리야가 거기서 떠나 사밧의 아들 엘리사를 만나니 저가 열두 겨리 소를 앞세우고 밭을 가는데 자기는 열둘째 겨리와 함께 있더라 엘리야가 그리로 건너가서 겉옷을 그의 위에 던졌더니
So he departed thence, and found Elisha the son of Shaphat , who was plowing with twelve yoke of oxen before him, and he with the twelfth : and Elijah passed by him, and cast his mantle upon him.
20. 저가 소를 버리고 엘리야에게로 달려가서 이르되 청컨대 나로 내 부모와 입맞추게 하소서 그리한 후에 내가 당신을 따르리이다 엘리야가 저에게 이르되 돌아가라 내가 네게 어떻게 행하였느냐 하니라
And he left the oxen , and ran after Elijah , and said , Let me, I pray thee, kiss my father and my mother , and then I will follow thee. And he said unto him, Go back again : for what have I done to thee?
21. 엘리사가 저를 떠나 돌아가서 소 한 겨리를 취하여 잡고 소의 기구를 불살라 그 고기를 삶아 백성에게 주어 먹게 하고 일어나 가서 엘리야를 좇으며 수종들었더라
And he returned back from him , and took a yoke of oxen , and slew them, and boiled their flesh with the instruments of the oxen , and gave unto the people , and they did eat . Then he arose , and went after Elijah , and ministered unto him.
■ 주석 보기
【왕상19:1 JFB】왕상19:1-3. Elijah Flees to Beer-sheba.
【왕상19:1 CWC】[ELIJAH AND AHAB]
1. Elijah in Hiding, 17:1-24.
Nothing is known of Elijah's previous history, not even why he is called the "Tishbite" (v. 1) except, as suggested in the Septuagint translation, that the town of Tishbeh is meant, which was in the Gilead region east of the Jordan. A comparison of 신11:16, 17 shows that the judgment he announces (v. 1) was threatened by Jehovah for such iniquity as that now prevailing; but of course the divine impulse must have come upon him to apply it in this instance.
His hiding "by the brook Cherith" (v. 3) was necessary to preserve him from the wrath of Ahab when his words were fulfilled. His being fed by "the ravens" (v. 4) will raise no question in the minds of any who accept the supernatural in the Bible, and for those who do not this commentary can have little value. The theory of some that the Hebrew word translated "ravens" might be rendered "Arabians," and that he was normally provided for by passing merchants of that region, is not generally accepted by evangelical scholars and would be only less a miracle than the accepted text.
Zarephath, or Sarepta, was in the country whence Jezebel had come, and which was visited by the famine also. The cause for Elijah's removal there is stated in verses 7-9, but there was a deeper reason in the new testings that were to come to him for the strengthening of his faith in view of the climax later on. Nevertheless, we are not to forget the lesson God had to teach the widow also, and to us through her. See Christ's testimony in 눅4:25, 26.
2. Meeting with Ahab, 18:1-46.
"The third year" is spoken of here, while James says (v. 17) "three years and six months," a discrepancy which may be explained by saying that the drought had been experienced six months (the time between the early and latter rains in March and October respectively) before Ahab realized the situation and became incensed against the prophet.
Fire was the element over which Baal was supposed to preside, which explains verse 24. Observe the simplicity and faith of Elijah's prayer (vv. 36, 37). His command (v. 40) was justified as a magistrate of God (신13:51 and 18:20).
Description of Mt. Carmel.
"The natural features of Mt. Carmel exactly correspond with the details of this narrative. The conspicuous summit, 1,635 feet above the sea, presents an esplanade spacious enough for the king and the priests of Baal to stand on the one side, and Elijah on the other.
"It is a rocky soil, on which there is abundance of loose stones to furnish the twelve of which the altar was built -- a bed of thick earth in which a trench could be dug; and yet the earth not so loose that the water poured into it would be absorbed.
"Two hundred and fifty feet beneath the plateau there is a perennial fountain which might not have been accessible to the people, and whence, therefore, even in that season of drought, Elijah could procure those supplies of water which he poured over the altar.
"The distance between this spring and the site of the altar is so short as to make it perfectly possible to go thrice thither and back again: whereas, it must have been impossible once in an afternoon, to fetch water from the sea.
"The summit is 1,000 feet above the Kishon, which nowhere runs from the sea so close to the base of the mount as just beneath El-Mohhraka; so that the priests of Baal could, in a few minutes, be taken down "to the brook and slain there." -- Jamieson, Faussett and Brown.
3. The Results Following, 19:1-21.
There seems to be no explanation of Elijah's flight (vv. 1-4) except the natural one of great depression following great spiritual exaltation. God could have preserved him from this had He so willed, but it is good for all of us to know that we are but flesh (약5:17) and "that we have this treasure in earthen vessels" (고후4:7).
We are impressed with the condescension of God in the supernatural provision for Elijah's physical needs of which he himself had thought nothing (vv. 5-8); and the no less condescension in instructing and continuing to use him as indicated in the subsequent verses.
The exhibition of divine power (vv. 11-13) had the effect of restoring the prophet to a spiritual equilibrium where he could listen to further commands (vv. 15-17) and receive the rebuke his conduct merited (v. 18). It is notable that the three persons he is to anoint are all to be employed, though in different ways, as God's instruments of judgment upon idolatrous Israel. The 7,000 mentioned is not to be taken literally, but as meaning a certain complete number of faithful ones of whom God was cognizant though the prophet was not.
Elisha was one of these (v. 19) who had doubtless been educated in the schools of the prophets of which we shall hear more, and who recognized the falling of his master's mantle upon him as his divine call.
When Elijah says: "What have I done to thee" (v. 20)? he seems to mean: "Do not disregard it. Bid thy loved ones farewell, but remain faithful to thy call."
【왕상19:1 MHCC】Jezebel sent Elijah a threatening message. Carnal hearts are hardened and enraged against God, by that which should convince and conquer them. Great faith is not always alike strong. He might be serviceable to Israel at this time, and had all reason to depend upon God's protection, while doing God's work; yet he flees. His was not the deliberate desire of grace, as Paul's, to depart and be with Christ. God thus left Elijah to himself, to show that when he was bold and strong, it was in the Lord, and the power of his might; but of himself he was no better than his fathers. God knows what he designs us for, though we do not, what services, what trials, and he will take care that we are furnished with grace sufficient.
【왕상19:3 JFB】3. he arose, and went for his life—He entered Jezreel full of hope. But a message from the incensed and hard-hearted queen, vowing speedy vengeance for her slaughtered priests, dispelled all his bright visions of the future. It is probable, however, that in the present temper of the people, even she would not have dared to lay violent hands on the Lord's servant, and purposely threatened him because she could do no more. The threat produced the intended effect, for his faith suddenly failed him. He fled out of the kingdom into the southernmost part of the territories in Judah; nor did he deem himself safe even there, but, dismissing his servant, he resolved to seek refuge among the mountain recesses of Sinai, and there longed for death (약5:17). This sudden and extraordinary depression of mind arose from too great confidence inspired by the miracles wrought at Carmel, and by the disposition the people evinced there. Had he remained steadfast and immovable, the impression on the mind of Ahab and the people generally might have been followed by good results. But he had been exalted above measure (고후12:7-9), and being left to himself, the great prophet, instead of showing the indomitable spirit of a martyr, fled from his post of duty.
【왕상19:4 JFB】왕상19:4-18. He Is Comforted by an Angel.
4-18. went a day's journey into the wilderness—on the way from Beer-sheba to Horeb—a wide expanse of sand hills, covered with the retem (not juniper, but broom shrubs), whose tall and spreading branches, with their white leaves, afford a very cheering and refreshing shade. His gracious God did not lose sight of His fugitive servant, but watched over him, and, miraculously ministering to his wants, enabled him, in a better but not wholly right frame of mind, by virtue of that supernatural supply, to complete his contemplated journey. In the solitude of Sinai, God appeared to instruct him. "What doest thou here, Elijah?" was a searching question addressed to one who had been called to so arduous and urgent a mission as his. By an awful exhibition of divine power, he was made aware of the divine speaker who addressed him; his attention was arrested, his petulance was silenced, his heart was touched, and he was bid without delay return to the land of Israel, and prosecute the Lord's work there. To convince him that an idolatrous nation will not be unpunished, He commissions him to anoint three persons who were destined in Providence to avenge God's controversy with the people of Israel. Anointing is used synonymously with appointment (유9:8), and is applied to all named, although Jehu alone had the consecrated oil poured over his head. They were all three destined to be eminent instruments in achieving the destruction of idolaters, though in different ways. But of the three commissions, Elijah personally executed only one; namely, the call of Elisha to be his assistant and successor [왕상19:19], and by him the other two were accomplished (왕하8:7-13; 9:1-10). Having thus satisfied the fiery zeal of the erring but sincere and pious prophet, the Lord proceeded to correct the erroneous impression under which Elijah had been laboring, of his being the sole adherent of the true religion in the land; for God, who seeth in secret, and knew all that were His, knew that there were seven thousand persons who had not done homage (literally, "kissed the hand") to Baal.
【왕상19:9 MHCC】The question God put, What doest thou here, Elijah? is a reproof. It concerns us often to ask whether we are in our place, and in the way of our duty. Am I where I should be? whither God calls me, where my business lies, and where I may be useful? He complained of the people, and their obstinacy in sin; I only am left. Despair of success hinders many a good enterprise. Did Elijah come hither to meet with God? he shall find that God will meet him. The wind, and earthquake, and fire, did not make him cover his face, but the still voice did. Gracious souls are more affected by the tender mercies of the Lord, than by his terrors. The mild voice of Him who speaks from the cross, or the mercy-seat, is accompanied with peculiar power in taking possession of the heart.
【왕상19:14 MHCC】God repeated the question, What doest thou here? Then he complained of his discouragement; and whither should God's prophets go with their complaints of that kind, but to their Master? The Lord gave him an answer. He declares that the wicked house of Ahab shall be rooted out, that the people of Israel shall be punished for their sins; and he shows that Elijah was not left alone as he had supposed, and also that a helper should at once be raised up for him. Thus all his complaints are answered and provided for. God's faithful ones are often his hidden ones, 시83:3, and the visible church is scarcely to be seen: the wheat is lost in chaff, and the gold in dross, till the sifting, refining, separating day comes. The Lord knows them that are his, though we do not; he sees in secret. When we come to heaven we shall miss many whom we thought to have met there; we shall meet many whom we little thought to have met there. God's love often proves larger than man's charity, and far more extended.
【왕상19:16 JFB】16. Abel-meholah—that is, "the meadow of dancing," in the valley of the Jordan.
【왕상19:19 JFB】왕상19:19-21. Elisha Follows Elijah.
19. Elisha the son of Shaphat—Most probably he belonged to a family distinguished for piety, and for their opposition to the prevailing calf-worship.
ploughing with twelve yoke of oxen—indicating that he was a man of substance.
Elijah … cast his mantle upon him—This was an investiture with the prophetic office. It is in this way that the Brahmins, the Persian Sufis, and other priestly or sacred characters in the East are appointed—a mantle being, by some eminent priest, thrown across their shoulders. Elisha had probably been educated in the schools of the prophets.
【왕상19:19 MHCC】Elijah found Elisha by Divine direction, not in the schools of the prophets, but in the field; not reading, or praying, or sacrificing, but ploughing. Idleness is no man's honour, nor is husbandry any man's disgrace. An honest calling in the world, does not put us out of the way of our heavenly calling, any more than it did Elisha. His heart was touched by the Holy Spirit, and he was ready to leave all to attend Elijah. It is in a day of power that Christ's subjects are made willing; nor would any come to Christ unless they were thus drawn. It was a discouraging time for prophets to set out in. A man that had consulted with flesh and blood, would not be fond of Elijah's mantle; yet Elisha cheerfully leaves all to accompany him. When the Saviour said to one and to another, Follow me, the dearest friends and most profitable occupations were cheerfully left, and the most arduous duties done from love to his name. May we, in like manner, feel the energy of his grace working in us mightily, and by unreserved submission at once, may we make our calling and election sure.
【왕상19:20 JFB】20. what have I done to thee?—that is, Go, but keep in mind the solemn ceremony I have just performed on thee. It is not I, but God, who calls thee. Do not allow any earthly affection to detain you from obeying His call.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.