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■ 에스더 9장
1. 아달월 곧 십이월 십삼일은 왕의 조명을 행하게 된 날이라 유다인의 대적이 저희를 제어하기를 바랐더니 유다인이 도리어 자기를 미워하는 자를 제어하게 된 그 날에
Now in the twelfth month , that is, the month Adar , on the thirteenth day of the same, when the king’s commandment and his decree drew near to be put in execution , in the day that the enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them, (though it was turned to the contrary, that the Jews had rule over them that hated them;)
2. 유다인들이 아하수에로 왕의 각 도, 각 읍에 모여 자기를 해하고자 하는 자를 죽이려 하니 모든 민족이 저희를 두려워하여 능히 막을 자가 없고
The Jews gathered themselves together in their cities throughout all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus , to lay hand on such as sought their hurt : and no man could withstand them ; for the fear of them fell upon all people .
3. 각 도 모든 관원과 대신과 방백과 왕의 사무를 보는 자들이 모르드개를 두려워하므로 다 유다인을 도우니
And all the rulers of the provinces , and the lieutenants , and the deputies , and officers of the king , helped the Jews ; because the fear of Mordecai fell upon them.
4. 모르드개가 왕궁에서 존귀하여 점점 창대하매 이 사람 모르드개의 명성이 각 도에 퍼지더라
For Mordecai was great in the king’s house , and his fame went out throughout all the provinces : for this man Mordecai waxed greater and greater .
5. 유다인이 칼로 그 모든 대적을 쳐서 도륙하고 진멸하고 자기를 미워하는 자에게 마음대로 행하고
Thus the Jews smote all their enemies with the stroke of the sword , and slaughter , and destruction , and did what they would unto those that hated them.
6. 유다인이 또 도성 수산에서 오백 인을 죽이고 멸하고
And in Shushan the palace the Jews slew and destroyed five hundred men .
7. 또 바산다다와 달본과 아스바다와
And Parshandatha , and Dalphon , and Aspatha ,
8. 보라다와 아달리야와 아리다다와
And Poratha , and Adalia , and Aridatha ,
9. 바마스다와 아리새와 아리대와 왜사다
And Parmashta , and Arisai , and Aridai , and Vajezatha ,
10. 곧 함므다다의 손자요 유다인의 대적 하만의 열 아들을 죽였으나 그 재산에는 손을 대지 아니하였더라
The ten sons of Haman the son of Hammedatha , the enemy of the Jews , slew they; but on the spoil laid they not their hand .
11. 그 날에 도성 수산에서 도륙한 자의 수효를 왕께 고하니
On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the palace was brought before the king .
12. 왕이 왕후 에스더에게 이르되 유다인이 도성 수산에서 이미 오백 인을 죽이고 멸하고 또 하만의 열 아들을 죽였으니 왕의 다른 도에서는 어떠하였겠느뇨 이제 그대의 소청이 무엇이뇨 곧 허락하겠노라 그대의 요구가 무엇이뇨 또한 시행하겠노라
And the king said unto Esther the queen , The Jews have slain and destroyed five hundred men in Shushan the palace , and the ten sons of Haman ; what have they done in the rest of the king’s provinces ? now what is thy petition ? and it shall be granted thee: or what is thy request further ? and it shall be done .
13. 에스더가 가로되 왕이 만일 선히 여기시거든 수산에 거하는 유다인으로 내일도 오늘날 조서대로 행하게 하시고 하만의 열 아들의 시체를 나무에 달게 하소서
Then said Esther , If it please the king , let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to morrow also according unto this day’s decree , and let Haman’s ten sons be hanged upon the gallows .
14. 왕이 그대로 행하기를 허락하고 조서를 내리니 하만의 열 아들의 시체가 달리니라
And the king commanded it so to be done : and the decree was given at Shushan ; and they hanged Haman’s ten sons .
15. 아달월 십사일에도 수산에 있는 유다인이 모여 또 삼백 인을 수산에서 도륙하되 그 재산에는 손을 대지 아니하였고
For the Jews that were in Shushan gathered themselves together on the fourteenth day also of the month Adar , and slew three hundred men at Shushan ; but on the prey they laid not their hand .
16. 왕의 각 도에 있는 다른 유다인들이 모여 스스로 생명을 보호하여 대적들에게서 벗어나며 자기를 미워하는 자 칠만 오천 인을 도륙하되 그 재산에는 손을 대지 아니하였더라
But the other Jews that were in the king’s provinces gathered themselves together , and stood for their lives , and had rest from their enemies , and slew of their foes seventy and five thousand , but they laid not their hands on the prey ,
17. 아달월 십삼일에 그 일을 행하였고 십사일에 쉬며 그 날에 잔치를 베풀어 즐겼고
On the thirteenth day of the month Adar ; and on the fourteenth day of the same rested they, and made it a day of feasting and gladness .
18. 수산에 거한 유다인은 십삼일과 십사일에 모였고 십오일에 쉬며 이 날에 잔치를 베풀어 즐긴지라
But the Jews that were at Shushan assembled together on the thirteenth day thereof, and on the fourteenth thereof; and on the fifteenth day of the same they rested , and made it a day of feasting and gladness .
19. 그러므로 촌촌의 유다인 곧 성이 없는 고을 고을에 거하는 자들이 아달월 십사일로 경절을 삼아 잔치를 베풀고 즐기며 서로 예물을 주더라
Therefore the Jews of the villages , that dwelt in the unwalled towns , made the fourteenth day of the month Adar a day of gladness and feasting , and a good day , and of sending portions one to another .
20. 모르드개가 이 일을 기록하고 아하수에로 왕의 각 도에 있는 모든 유다인에게 무론 원근하고 글을 보내어 이르기를
And Mordecai wrote these things , and sent letters unto all the Jews that were in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus , both nigh and far ,
21. 한 규례를 세워 해마다 아달월 십사일과 십오일을 지키라
To stablish this among them, that they should keep the fourteenth day of the month Adar , and the fifteenth day of the same, yearly ,
22. 이 달 이 날에 유다인이 대적에게서 벗어나서 평안함을 얻어 슬픔이 변하여 기쁨이 되고 애통이 변하여 길한 날이 되었으니 이 두 날을 지켜 잔치를 베풀고 즐기며 서로 예물을 주며 가난한 자를 구제하라 하매
As the days wherein the Jews rested from their enemies , and the month which was turned unto them from sorrow to joy , and from mourning into a good day : that they should make them days of feasting and joy , and of sending portions one to another , and gifts to the poor .
23. 유다인이 자기들의 이미 시작한 대로 또는 모르드개의 보낸 글대로 계속하여 행하였으니
And the Jews undertook to do as they had begun , and as Mordecai had written unto them;
24. 곧 아각 사람 함므다다의 아들 모든 유다인의 대적 하만이 유다인을 진멸하기를 꾀하고 부르 곧 제비를 뽑아 저희를 죽이고 멸하려 하였으나
Because Haman the son of Hammedatha , the Agagite , the enemy of all the Jews , had devised against the Jews to destroy them, and had cast Pur , that is, the lot , to consume them, and to destroy them;
25. 에스더가 왕의 앞에 나아감을 인하여 왕이 조서를 내려 하만이 유다인을 해하려던 악한 꾀를 그 머리에 돌려 보내어 하만과 그 여러 아들을 나무에 달게 하였으므로
But when Esther came before the king , he commanded by letters that his wicked device , which he devised against the Jews , should return upon his own head , and that he and his sons should be hanged on the gallows .
26. 무리가 부르의 이름을 좇아 이 두 날을 부림이라 하고 유다인이 이 글의 모든 말과 이 일에 보고 당한 것을 인하여
Wherefore they called these days Purim after the name of Pur . Therefore for all the words of this letter , and of that which they had seen concerning this matter , and which had come unto them,
27. 뜻을 정하고 자기와 자손과 자기와 화합한 자들이 해마다 그 기록한 정기에 이 두 날을 연하여 지켜 폐하지 아니하기로 작정하고
The Jews ordained , and took upon them, and upon their seed , and upon all such as joined themselves unto them, so as it should not fail , that they would keep these two days according to their writing , and according to their appointed time every year ;
28. 각 도, 각 읍, 각 집에서 대대로 이 두 날을 기념하여 지키되 이 부림일을 유다인 중에서 폐하지 않게 하고 그 자손 중에서도 기념함이 폐하지 않게 하였더라
And that these days should be remembered and kept throughout every generation , every family , every province , and every city ; and that these days of Purim should not fail from among the Jews , nor the memorial of them perish from their seed .
29. 아비하일의 딸 왕후 에스더와 유다인 모르드개가 전권으로 글을 쓰고 부림에 대한 이 둘째 편지를 굳이 지키게 하되
Then Esther the queen , the daughter of Abihail , and Mordecai the Jew , wrote with all authority , to confirm this second letter of Purim .
30. 화평하고 진실한 말로 편지를 써서 아하수에로의 나라 일백이십칠 도에 있는 유다 모든 사람에게 보내어
And he sent the letters unto all the Jews , to the hundred twenty and seven provinces of the kingdom of Ahasuerus , with words of peace and truth ,
31. 정한 기한에 이 부림일을 지키게 하였으니 이는 유다인 모르드개와 왕후 에스더의 명한 바와 유다인이 금식하며 부르짖은 것을 인하여 자기와 자기 자손을 위하여 정한 바가 있음이더라
To confirm these days of Purim in their times appointed, according as Mordecai the Jew and Esther the queen had enjoined them, and as they had decreed for themselves and for their seed , the matters of the fastings and their cry .
32. 에스더의 명령이 이 부림에 대한 일을 견고히 하였고 그 일이 책에 기록되었더라
And the decree of Esther confirmed these matters of Purim ; and it was written in the book .
■ 주석 보기
【에9:1 JFB】에9:1-19. The Jews Slay Their Enemies with the Ten Sons of Haman.
1. in the twelfth month, … on the thirteenth day of the same—This was the day which Haman's superstitious advisers had led him to select as the most fortunate for the execution of his exterminating scheme against the Jews [에3:7].
【에9:1 CWC】[DELIVERANCE COMES]
1. The King's Decree, c. 8.
The "house" of Haman meant his possessions (8:1). His death, however, and Mordecai's distinction did not mean that the decree against the Jews had been annulled, which, indeed, could not be annulled, according to Persian law. This is the problem, now before Esther and Mordecai (vv. 3-6), and which the king solves by granting permission to the Jews to arm themselves against their executioners (vv. 8-11).
The effect of this measure on the Jews was what might have been expected (vv. 15-17). The meaning of the last sentence of the chapter is illuminated by 출15:16 and 신11:25. The Persians felt that the God of the Jews was ruling over their destiny in a peculiar way.
2. The Heathen Massacre, c. 9:1-15.
The first part of this chapter records the successful stand made by the Jews against those who ventured to oppose them, and demonstrates that the God of their fathers was still their God. It reads like a chapter in Judges or Kings.
Rawlinson calls attention to the importance of verse three as bearing on verse 16. That the Jews should have been allowed to slay 75,000 Persians has been pronounced incredible, but it is not so when we see that the leaders of the nation took their side. The probability is, however that the slain were people of other, subject nations, for whom the Persians did not particularly care.
How does verse 10 show that the Jews' motive was not avarice but self-defense? The king's inquiry and Esther's reply (vv. 12, 13) indicate that danger still threatened the Jews in Shushan at least, unless further measures were taken. Haman's sons were to be hanged after death. "Hanged" here really means "crucified," which was the Hebrew and Persian custom.
3. The Feast of Purim, vv. 16-32.
It seems that the Jews outside of Shushan celebrated on the fourteenth of Adar, but those within could not do so for obvious reasons till the fifteenth. This gave rise to different memorial days until Mordecai settled the matter as in verse 21. The whole writing of Mordecai here spoken of (vv. 20-25) may have included the substance of the book we are considering. Nevertheless a second document by Esther herself seems to have been necessary to finally determine the perpetuity of the feast (vv. 28-32). The feast is still kept by the Jews, proving the authenticity of this book.
4. Mordecai's Greatness, c. 10.
The greatness of the Persian king (v. 1) reflects on Mordecai (v. 2), who is recognized even in the kingly chronicles, and whose exalted privilege becomes a benefit to all his race in Persia (v. 3).
【에9:1 MHCC】The enemies of the Jews hoped to have power over them by the former edict. If they had attempted nothing against the people of God, they would not themselves have suffered. The Jews, acting together, strengthened one another. Let us learn to stand fast in one spirit, and with one mind, striving together against the enemies of our souls, who endeavour to rob us of our faith, which is more precious than our lives. The Jews, to the honour of their religion, showed contempt of wordly wealth, that they might make it appear they desired nothing except their own preservation. In every case the people of God should manifest humanity and disinterestedness, frequently refusing advantages which might lawfully be obtained. The Jews celebrated their festival the day after they had finished their work. When we have received great mercies from God, we ought to be speedy in making thankful returns to him.
【에9:2 JFB】2. The Jews gathered themselves … no man could withstand them—The tables were now turned in their favor; and though their enemies made their long meditated attack, the Jews were not only at liberty to act on the defensive, but through the powerful influence enlisted on their side at court together with the blessing of God, they were everywhere victorious.
the fear of them fell upon all people—This impression arose not alone from the consciousness of the all-powerful vizier being their countryman, but from the hand of God appearing so visibly interposed to effect their strange and unexpected deliverance.
【에9:5 JFB】5-16. Thus the Jews smote all their enemies—The effect of the two antagonistic decrees was, in the meantime, to raise a fierce and bloody war between the Jews and their enemies throughout the Persian empire; but through the dread of Esther and Mordecai, the provincial governors universally favored their cause, so that their enemies fell in great numbers.
【에9:13 JFB】13. let it be granted to the Jews which are in Shushan to do to-morrow also according unto this day's decree—Their enemies adroitly concealing themselves for the first day might have returned on the next, when they imagined that the privilege of the Jews was expired; so that that people would have been surprised and slain. The extension of the decree to another day at the queen's special desire has exposed her to the charge of being actuated by a cruel and vindictive disposition. But her conduct in making this request is capable of full vindication, on the ground (1) that Haman's sons having taken a prominent part in avenging their father's fall, and having been previously slain in the melee, the order for the exposure of their dead bodies on the gallows was only intended to brand them with public infamy for their malice and hatred to the Jews; and (2) the anti-Jewish party having, in all probability, been instigated through the arts or influence of Haman to acts of spiteful and wanton oppression, the existing state of feeling among the natives required some vigorous and decisive measure to prevent the outbreak of future aggressions. The very circumstances of their slaying 800 eight hundred Jews in the immediate vicinity of the court (v. 6, 15) is a proof of the daring energy and deep-rooted malice by which multidues were actuated against the Jews. To order an extension, therefore, of the permissive edict to the Jews to defend themselves, was perhaps no more than affording an opportunity for their enemies to be publicly known. Though it led to so awful a slaughter of seventy-five thousand of their enemies, there is reason to believe that these were chiefly Amalekites, in the fall of whom on this occasion, the prophecies (출17:14, 16; 신25:19) against that doomed race were accomplished.
【에9:19 JFB】19. a day of … feasting … of sending portions one to another—The princes and people of the East not only invite their friends to feasts, but it is their custom to send a portion of the banquet to those who cannot well come to it, especially their relations, and those who are detained at home in a state of sorrow or distress.
【에9:20 JFB】에9:20-32. The Two Days of Purim Made Festival.
20. Mordecai wrote these things—Commentators are not agreed what is particularly meant by "these things"; whether the letters following, or an account of these marvellous events to be preserved in the families of the Jewish people, and transmitted from one generation to another.
【에9:20 MHCC】The observance of the Jewish feasts, is a public declaration of the truth of the Old Testament Scriptures. And as the Old Testament Scriptures are true, the Messiah expected by the Jews is come long ago; and none but Jesus of Nazareth can be that Messiah. The festival was appointed by authority, yet under the direction of the Spirit of God. It was called the feast of Purim, from a Persian word, which signifies a lot. The name of this festival would remind them of the almighty power of the God of Israel, who served his own purposes by the superstitions of the heathen. In reviewing our mercies, we should advert to former fears and distresses. When our mercies are personal, we should not by forgetfulness lose the comfort of them, or withhold from the Lord the glory due to his name. May the Lord teach us to rejoice, with that holy joy which anticipates and prepares for the blessedness of heaven. Every instance of Divine goodness to ourselves, is a new obligation laid on us to do good, to those especially who most need our bounty. Above all, redemption by Christ binds us to be merciful, 고후8:9.
【에9:26 JFB】26. they called these days Purim after the name of Pur—"Pur," in the Persian language, signifies "lot"; and the feast of Purim, or lots, has a reference to the time having been pitched upon by Haman through the decision of the lot. In consequence of the signal national deliverance which divine providence gave them from the infamous machinations of Haman, Mordecai ordered the Jews to commemorate that event by an anniversary festival, which was to last for two days, in accordance with the two days' war of defense they had to maintain. There was a slight difference in the time of this festival; for the Jews in the provinces, having defended themselves against their enemies on the thirteenth, devoted the fourteenth to festivity; whereas their brethren in Shushan, having extended that work over two days, did not observe their thanksgiving feast till the fifteenth. But this was remedied by authority, which fixed the fourteenth and fifteenth of Adar. It became a season of sunny memories to the universal body of the Jews; and, by the letters of Mordecai, dispersed through all parts of the Persian empire, it was established as an annual feast, the celebration of which is kept up still. On both days of the feast, the modern Jews read over the Megillah or Book of Esther in their synagogues. The copy read must not be printed, but written on vellum in the form of a roll; and the names of the ten sons of Haman are written on it a peculiar manner, being ranged, they say, like so many bodies on a gibbet. The reader must pronounce all these names in one breath. Whenever Haman's name is pronounced, they make a terrible noise in the synagogue. Some drum with their feet on the floor, and the boys have mallets with which they knock and make a noise. They prepare themselves for their carnival by a previous fast, which should continue three days, in imitation of Esther's; but they have mostly reduced it to one day [Jennings,Jewish Antiquities].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.