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■ 에스더 1장
1. 이 일은 아하수에로 왕 때에 된 것이니 아하수에로는 인도로 구스까지 일백이십칠 도를 치리하는 왕이라
Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus , (this is Ahasuerus which reigned , from India even unto Ethiopia , over an hundred and seven and twenty provinces :)
2. 당시에 아하수에로 왕이 수산 궁에서 즉위하고
That in those days , when the king Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom , which was in Shushan the palace ,
3. 위에 있은지 삼년에 그 모든 방백과 신복을 위하여 잔치를 베푸니 바사와 메대의 장수와 각 도의 귀족과 방백들이 다 왕 앞에 있는지라
In the third year of his reign , he made a feast unto all his princes and his servants ; the power of Persia and Media , the nobles and princes of the provinces , being before him:
4. 왕이 여러 날 곧 일백팔십 일 동안에 그 영화로운 나라의 부함과 위엄의 혁혁함을 나타내니라
When he shewed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the honour of his excellent majesty many days , even an hundred and fourscore days .
5. 이 날이 다하매 왕이 또 도성 수산 대소 인민을 위하여 왕궁 후원 뜰에서 칠 일 동안 잔치를 베풀새
And when these days were expired , the king made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace , both unto great and small , seven days , in the court of the garden of the king’s palace ;
6. 백색, 녹색, 청색 휘장을 자색 가는 베줄로 대리석 기둥 은고리에 매고 금과 은으로 만든 걸상을 화반석, 백석, 운모석, 흑석을 깐 땅에 진설하고
Where were white , green , and blue , hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble : the beds were of gold and silver , upon a pavement of red , and blue , and white , and black , marble .
7. 금잔으로 마시게 하니 잔의 식양이 각기 다르고 왕의 풍부한 대로 어주가 한이 없으며
And they gave them drink in vessels of gold , (the vessels being diverse one from another ,) and royal wine in abundance , according to the state of the king .
8. 마시는 것도 규모가 있어 사람으로 억지로 하지 않게 하니 이는 왕이 모든 궁내 관리에게 명하여 각 사람으로 마음대로 하게 함이더라
And the drinking was according to the law ; none did compel : for so the king had appointed to all the officers of his house , that they should do according to every man’s pleasure .
9. 왕후 와스디도 아하수에로 왕궁에서 부녀들을 위하여 잔치를 베푸니라
Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women in the royal house which belonged to king Ahasuerus .
10. 제칠일에 왕이 주흥이 일어나서 어전 내시 므후만과 비스다와 하르보나와 빅다와 아박다와 세달과 가르가스 일곱 사람을 명하여
On the seventh day , when the heart of the king was merry with wine , he commanded Mehuman , Biztha , Harbona , Bigtha , and Abagtha , Zethar , and Carcas , the seven chamberlains that served in the presence of Ahasuerus the king ,
11. 왕후 와스디를 청하여 왕후의 면류관을 정제하고 왕의 앞으로 나아오게 하여 그 아리따움을 뭇 백성과 방백들에게 보이게 하라 하니 이는 왕후의 용모가 보기에 좋음이라
To bring Vashti the queen before the king with the crown royal , to shew the people and the princes her beauty : for she was fair to look on .
12. 그러나 왕후 와스디가 내시의 전하는 왕명을 좇아 오기를 싫어하니 왕이 진노하여 중심이 불 붙는듯 하더라
But the queen Vashti refused to come at the king’s commandment by his chamberlains : therefore was the king very wroth , and his anger burned in him.
13. 왕이 사례를 아는 박사들에게 묻되 (왕이 규례와 법률을 아는 자에게 묻는 전례가 있는데
Then the king said to the wise men , which knew the times , (for so was the king’s manner toward all that knew law and judgment :
14. 때에 왕에게 가까이 하여 왕의 기색을 살피며 나라 첫 자리에 앉은 자는 바사와 메대의 일곱 방백 곧 가르스나와 세달과 아드마다와 다시스와 메레스와 마르스나와 므무간이라)
And the next unto him was Carshena , Shethar , Admatha , Tarshish , Meres , Marsena , and Memucan , the seven princes of Persia and Media , which saw the king’s face , and which sat the first in the kingdom ;)
15. 왕후 와스디가 내시의 전하는 아하수에로 왕명을 좇지 아니하니 규례대로 하면 어떻게 처치할꼬
What shall we do unto the queen Vashti according to law , because she hath not performed the commandment of the king Ahasuerus by the chamberlains ?
16. 므무간이 왕과 방백 앞에서 대답하여 가로되 왕후 와스디가 왕에게만 잘못할 뿐 아니라 아하수에로 왕의 각 도 방백과 뭇 백성에게도 잘못하였나이다
And Memucan answered before the king and the princes , Vashti the queen hath not done wrong to the king only, but also to all the princes , and to all the people that are in all the provinces of the king Ahasuerus .
17. 아하수에로 왕이 명하여 왕후 와스디를 청하여도 오지 아니하였다 하는 왕후의 행위의 소문이 모든 부녀에게 전파되면 저희도 그 남편을 멸시할 것인즉
For this deed of the queen shall come abroad unto all women , so that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes , when it shall be reported , The king Ahasuerus commanded Vashti the queen to be brought in before him, but she came not.
18. 오늘이라도 바사와 메대의 귀부인들이 왕후의 행위를 듣고 왕의 모든 방백에게 그렇게 말하리니 멸시와 분노가 많이 일어나리이다
Likewise shall the ladies of Persia and Media say this day unto all the king’s princes , which have heard of the deed of the queen . Thus shall there arise too much contempt and wrath .
19. 왕이 만일 선히 여기실진대 와스디로 다시는 왕 앞에 오지 못하게 하는 조서를 내리되 바사와 메대의 법률 중에 기록하여 변역함이 없게 하고 그 왕후의 위를 저보다 나은 사람에게 주소서
If it please the king , let there go a royal commandment from him , and let it be written among the laws of the Persians and the Medes , that it be not altered , That Vashti come no more before king Ahasuerus ; and let the king give her royal estate unto another that is better than she.
20. 왕의 조서가 이 광대한 전국에 반포되면 귀천을 무론하고 모든 부녀가 그 남편을 존경하리이다
And when the king’s decree which he shall make shall be published throughout all his empire , (for it is great ,) all the wives shall give to their husbands honour , both to great and small .
21. 왕과 방백들이 그 말을 선히 여긴지라 왕이 므무간의 말대로 행하여
And the saying pleased the king and the princes ; and the king did according to the word of Memucan :
22. 각 도 각 백성의 문자와 방언대로 모든 도에 조서를 내려 이르기를 남편으로 그 집을 주관하게 하고 자기 민족의 방언대로 말하게 하라 하였더라
For he sent letters into all the king’s provinces , into every province according to the writing thereof, and to every people after their language , that every man should bear rule in his own house , and that it should be published according to the language of every people .
■ 주석 보기
【에1:1 JFB】에1:1-22. Ahasuerus Makes Royal Feasts.
1. Ahasuerus—It is now generally agreed among learned men that the Ahasuerus mentioned in this episode is the Xerxes who figures in Grecian history.
【에1:1 CWC】[THE JEWS IMPERILLED]
The events of this book belong chronologically after Zerubbabel's company have gone up to Jerusalem, and before the commissions of Ezra and Nehemiah. The scene is laid in Persia. Cyrus and Darius I have passed away, and Ahasuerus, son of the last named, and identified by some with Xerxes, and by others with Darius Hystaspes, is on the throne. He is a sensual, fickle, cruel despot. It was his great fleet that was defeated by the much smaller one of Greece at Salamis, about 480 B. C. He is mentioned in 스4:6. He was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes, who figures in the later chapters of Ezra and Nehemiah.
The story of the book is well known, and may be divided as follows:
Queen Vashti's Fall, 1:1-22.
Esther's Exaltation, 2:1-23.
Haman's Conspiracy, 3:1-15.
Esther's Intervention, 4:1-7:10.
Haman's Judgment, 8:1-9:19.
The Commemorative Feast, 9:20-32.
The Epilog, 10:1-3.
1. Queen Vashti's Fall, c. 1:1-22.
Some think this feast (v. 3) was the occasion when the great campaign against Greece was determined upon. If a half-year seems long (v. 4), perhaps the time was extended to allow the different nobles and princes to "make their appearance at the court successively." The climax was the "garden party" of a week (vv. 5-7), although it should be understood that only men were present (v. 9). Verse eight seems to mean that in contrast with the customary excessive drinking, any were free to remain sober if they would. "Knew the times" (v. 13) is equivalent to "Skilled in the law."
2. Esther Exalted, c. 2:1-23.
When sober, the king rued his action (v. 1), but had he changed his mind and restored Vashti, the consequences would have been serious to his advisers, hence their present counsel (vv. 2-4). "Things for purification" (v. 3) mean the oils for cleansing and anointing (v. 12). "She required nothing, etc." (v. 15), points to a desire of the virgins on similar occasions to bedeck themselves with ornaments, but Esther acted differently on the chamberlains advice, and with good results (v. 17). Note the expiration of four years between 1:3 and 2:7, which some think was occupied by the expedition against Greece, and for which secular history gives some justification. The incident of verses 21-23 is recorded here to explain that which follows later.
3. Haman's Conspiracy, c. 3:1-15.
The casting of the lot (Hebrew "Pur", v. 7), was for the purpose of selecting the most propitious day for the murderous undertaking Haman had in mind. While in western nations such an idea as in verses six and nine would never occur to a revengeful man, it was different in the East. Massacres of a race, or a class, have at all times been among the incidents of history there. A great massacre of the Magi occurred only about fifty years before this, and a massacre of the Scythians fifty years before that again. The 10,000 talents (v. 9), or as some calculate it $12,500,000 of our money, was to be obtained by the confiscation of the Jews' property.
4. Esther's Intervention, c. 4:1-7:10.
It would appear by a comparison of verses 12 and 13 of the preceding chapter, that the Jews were for a whole year harassed because of their impending fate. This explains the opening verses of the present chapter (4:1-3). Observe Mordecai's reliance on the promises of God concerning Israel (v. 14). They can not all be destroyed. God would not permit it, for it would defeat His purpose concerning the Messiah, the Redeemer of the world, and all else that was included in that purpose. Esther's request to fast is a call to repentance and a request for prayer (compare 왕상21:27-29, 욜1:14, and 욘3:5). Her boldness is seen in the following: She proposed to go to the king without being called; to make request for the change of a law which, according to Persian custom, could not be done; to reveal herself as a Jew; to place herself in opposition to the all-powerful favorite, Haman.
Rawlinson says the usual situation of the throne in the throne-room of an oriental palace, is one from which the monarch can see into the court through the doorway opposite to him (v. 1). Esther's tactful delay in making known her request (vv. 7, 8), was doubtless to further impress the king, or possibly to evolve her plan, which may not yet have been clear in her own mind.
God's hand is seen clearly in 6:1, which, compare with 2:23. The dramatic incidents of the chapter tell their own story as they swiftly pass before us. In 7:3, Esther's words are to be understood as offering her own life in the place of the people. The loss of the people would be a great damage to the king (v. 4). In the East at banquets they recline on couches (v. 8).
【에1:1 MHCC】The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, 합2:15, 16.
【에1:3 JFB】3. made a feast unto all his princes and his servants—Banquets on so grand a scale, and extending over so great a period, have been frequently provided by the luxurious monarchs of Eastern countries, both in ancient and modern times. The early portion of this festive season, however, seems to have been dedicated to amusement, particularly an exhibition of the magnificence and treasures of the court, and it was closed by a special feast of seven days' continuance, given within the gardens of the royal palace. The ancient palace of Susa has been recently disinterred from an incumbent mass of earth and ruins; and in that palace, which is, beyond all doubt, the actual edifice referred to in this passage, there is a great hall of marble pillars. "The position of the great colonnade corresponds with the account here given. It stands on an elevation in the center of the mound, the remainder of which we may well imagine to have been occupied, after the Persian fashion, with a garden and fountains. Thus the colonnade would represent the 'court of the garden of the king's palace' with its 'pillars of marble.' I am even inclined to believe the expression, 'Shushan the palace,' applies especially to this portion of the existing ruins, in contradistinction to the citadel and the city of Shushan" [Loftus,Chaldaea and Susiana].
【에1:6 JFB】6. Where were white, green, and blue hangings, &c.—The fashion, in the houses of the great, on festive occasions, was to decorate the chambers from the middle of the wall downward with damask or velvet hangings of variegated colors suspended on hooks, or taken down at pleasure.
the beds were of gold and silver—that is, the couches on which, according to Oriental fashion, the guests reclined, and which were either formed entirely of gold and silver or inlaid with ornaments of those costly metals, stood on an elevated floor of parti-colored marble.
【에1:7 JFB】7. they gave them drink in vessels of gold—There is reason to believe from this account, as well as from 에5:6; 7:2, 7, 8, where the drinking of wine occupies by far the most prominent place in the description, that this was a banquet rather than a feast.
【에1:9 JFB】9. Also Vashti the queen made a feast for the women—The celebration was double; for, as according to the Oriental fashion, the sexes do not intermingle in society, the court ladies were entertained in a separate apartment by the queen.
【에1:10 JFB】10-12. On the seventh day, when the heart of the king was merry with wine—As the feast days advanced, the drinking was more freely indulged in, so that the close was usually marked by great excesses of revelry.
he commanded … the seven chamberlains—These were the eunuchs who had charge of the royal harem. The refusal of Vashti to obey an order which required her to make an indecent exposure of herself before a company of drunken revellers, was becoming both the modesty of her sex and her rank as queen; for, according to Persian customs, the queen, even more than the wives of other men, was secluded from the public gaze. Had not the king's blood been heated with wine, or his reason overpowered by force of offended pride, he would have perceived that his own honor, as well as hers, was consulted by her dignified conduct.
【에1:10 MHCC】Ahasuerus's feast ended in heaviness, by his own folly. Seasons of peculiar festivity often end in vexation. Superiors should be careful not to command what may reasonably be disobeyed. But when wine is in, men's reason departs from them. He that had rule over 127 provinces, had no rule over his own spirit. But whether the passion or the policy of the king was served by this decree, God's providence made way for Esther to the crown, and defeated Haman's wicked project, even before it had entered into his heart, and he arrived at his power. Let us rejoice that the Lord reigns, and will overrule the madness or folly of mankind to promote his own glory, and the safety and happiness of his people.
【에1:13 JFB】13-19. Then the king said to the wise men—These were probably the magi, without whose advice as to the proper time of doing a thing the Persian kings never did take any step whatever; and the persons named in 에1:14 were the "seven counsellors" (compare 스7:14) who formed the state ministry. The combined wisdom of all, it seems, was enlisted to consult with the king what course should be taken after so unprecedented an occurrence as Vashti's disobedience of the royal summons. It is scarcely possible for us to imagine the astonishment produced by such a refusal in a country and a court where the will of the sovereign was absolute. The assembled grandees were petrified with horror at the daring affront. Alarm for the consequences that might ensue to each of them in his own household next seized on their minds; and the sounds of bacchanalian revelry were hushed into deep and anxious consultation what punishment to inflict on the refractory queen. But a purpose was to be served by the flattery of the king and the enslavement of all women. The counsellors were too intoxicated or obsequious to oppose the courtly advice of Memucan was unanimously resolved, with a wise regard to the public interests of the nation, that the punishment of Vashti could be nothing short of degradation from her royal dignity. The doom was accordingly pronounced and made known in all parts of the empire.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.