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■ 예레미야애가 4장
1. 슬프다 어찌 그리 금이 빛을 잃고 정금이 변하였으며 성소의 돌이 각 거리 머리에 쏟아졌는고
How is the gold become dim ! how is the most fine gold changed ! the stones of the sanctuary are poured out in the top of every street .
2. 시온의 아들들이 보배로워 정금에 비할러니 어찌 그리 토기장이의 만든 질항아리 같이 여김이 되었는고
The precious sons of Zion , comparable to fine gold , how are they esteemed as earthen pitchers , the work of the hands of the potter !
3. 들개는 오히려 젖을 내어 새끼를 먹이나 처녀 내 백성은 잔인하여 광야의 타조 같도다
Even the sea monsters draw out the breast , they give suck to their young ones : the daughter of my people is become cruel , like the ostriches in the wilderness .
4. 젖먹이가 목말라서 혀가 입천장에 붙음이여 어린 아이가 떡을 구하나 떼어 줄 사람이 없도다
The tongue of the sucking child cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for thirst : the young children ask bread , and no man breaketh it unto them.
5. 진수를 먹던 자가 거리에 외로움이여 전에는 붉은 옷을 입고 길리운 자가 이제는 거름더미를 안았도다
They that did feed delicately are desolate in the streets : they that were brought up in scarlet embrace dunghills .
6. 전에 소돔이 사람의 손을 대지 않고 경각간에 무너지더니 이제 처녀 내 백성의 죄가 소돔의 죄악보다 중하도다
For the punishment of the iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the punishment of the sin of Sodom , that was overthrown as in a moment , and no hands stayed on her.
7. 전에는 존귀한 자의 몸이 눈보다 깨끗하고 젖보다 희며 산호보다 붉어 그 윤택함이 마광한 청옥 같더니
Her Nazarites were purer than snow , they were whiter than milk , they were more ruddy in body than rubies , their polishing was of sapphire :
8. 이제는 그 얼굴이 숯보다 검고 그 가죽이 뼈에 붙어 막대기 같이 말랐으니 거리에서 알 사람이 없도다
Their visage is blacker than a coal ; they are not known in the streets : their skin cleaveth to their bones ; it is withered , it is become like a stick .
9. 칼에 죽은 자가 주려 죽은 자보다 나음은 토지 소산이 끊어지므로 이들이 찔림 같이 점점 쇠약하여 감이로다
They that be slain with the sword are better than they that be slain with hunger : for these pine away , stricken through for want of the fruits of the field .
10. 처녀 내 백성의 멸망할 때에 자비한 부녀가 손으로 자기 자녀를 삶아 식물을 삼았도다
The hands of the pitiful women have sodden their own children : they were their meat in the destruction of the daughter of my people .
11. 여호와께서 분을 발하시며 맹렬한 노를 쏟으심이여 시온에 불을 피우사 그 지대를 사르셨도다
The Lord hath accomplished his fury ; he hath poured out his fierce anger , and hath kindled a fire in Zion , and it hath devoured the foundations thereof.
12. 대적과 원수가 예루살렘 성문으로 들어갈 줄은 세상 열왕과 천하 모든 백성이 믿지 못하였었도다
The kings of the earth , and all the inhabitants of the world , would not have believed that the adversary and the enemy should have entered into the gates of Jerusalem .
13. 그 선지자들의 죄와 제사장들의 죄악을 인함이니 저희가 성읍 중에서 의인의 피를 흘렀도다
For the sins of her prophets , and the iniquities of her priests , that have shed the blood of the just in the midst of her,
14. 저희가 거리에서 소경 같이 방황함이여 그 옷이 피에 더러웠으므로 사람이 만질 수 없도다
They have wandered as blind men in the streets , they have polluted themselves with blood , so that men could not touch their garments .
15. 사람이 저희에게 외쳐 이르기를 부정하다 가라, 가라, 가라, 만지지말라 하였음이여 저희가 도망하여 방황할 때에 이방인이 이르기를 저희가 다시는 여기 거하지 못하리라 하였도다
They cried unto them, Depart ye; it is unclean ; depart , depart , touch not: when they fled away and wandered , they said among the heathen , They shall no more sojourn there.
16. 여호와께서 노하여 흩으시고 다시 권고치 아니하시리니 저희가 제사장들을 높이지 아니하였으며 장로들을 대접지 아니하였음이로다
The anger of the Lord hath divided them; he will no more regard them: they respected not the persons of the priests , they favoured not the elders .
17. 우리가 헛되이 도움을 바라므로 우리 눈이 상함이여 우리를 구원치 못할 나라를 바라보고 바라보았도다
As for us, our eyes as yet failed for our vain help : in our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save us.
18. 저희가 우리 자취를 엿보니 우리가 거리에 행할 수 없음이여 우리의 끝이 가깝고 우리의 날이 다하였고 우리의 마지막이 이르렀도다
They hunt our steps , that we cannot go in our streets : our end is near , our days are fulfilled ; for our end is come .
19. 우리를 쫓는 자가 공중의 독수리보다 빠름이여 산꼭대기에서도 쫓고 광야에도 매복하였도다
Our persecutors are swifter than the eagles of the heaven : they pursued us upon the mountains , they laid wait for us in the wilderness .
20. 우리의 콧김 곧 여호와의 기름 부으신 자가 저희 함정에 빠졌음이여 우리가 저를 가리키며 전에 이르기를 우리가 저의 그늘 아래서 열국 중에 살겠다 하던 자로다
The breath of our nostrils , the anointed of the Lord , was taken in their pits , of whom we said , Under his shadow we shall live among the heathen .
21. 우스 땅에 거하는 처녀 에돔아 즐거워하며 기뻐하려무나 잔이 네게도 이를지니 네가 취하여 벌거벗으리라
Rejoice and be glad , O daughter of Edom , that dwellest in the land of Uz ; the cup also shall pass through unto thee: thou shalt be drunken , and shalt make thyself naked .
22. 처녀 시온아 네 죄악의 형벌이 다하였으니 주께서 다시는 너로 사로잡혀 가지 않게 하시리로다 처녀 에돔아 주께서 네 죄악을 벌하시며 네 허물을 드러내시리로다
The punishment of thine iniquity is accomplished , O daughter of Zion ; he will no more carry thee away into captivity : he will visit thine iniquity , O daughter of Edom ; he will discover thy sins .
■ 주석 보기
【애4:1 JFB】애4:1-22. The Sad Capture of Jerusalem, the Hope of Restoration, and the Retribution Awaiting Idumea for Joining Babylon against Judea.
Aleph.
1. gold—the splendid adornment of the temple [Calvin] (애1:10; 왕상6:22; 렘52:19); or, the principal men of Judea [Grotius] (애4:2).
stones of … sanctuary—the gems on the breastplate of the high priest; or, metaphorically, the priests and Levites.
【애4:1 CWC】"The touching significance of this book lies in the fact that it is the disclosure of the love and sorrow of Jehovah for the very people He is chastening -- a sorrow wrought by the Spirit in the heart of Jeremiah. Compare 렘13:7; 마23:36-38: 롬9:1-5." -- Scofield Reference Bible.
"As regards its external structure, the composition of the book, both as a whole and in its several parts, is so artistic, that anything like it can hardly be found in any other book of Holy Scriptures." -- Lange's Commentary.
In the first place it contains just five songs, each limited to a single chapter. In the second place, there is a marked climax in the third song, with an ascent and a descent, a crescendo and decrescendo movement before and after it. About the middle of this song at verse eighteen, the prophet seems to have reached the deepest night of his misery, "but where the exigency is greatest, help is nearest. The night is succeeded by the morning (vv. 19-21), and with verse 22 breaks the full day."
Each of the songs contains 22 verses according to the number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet; in other words, it is an acrostic -- a favorite form of Hebrew poetry. But In the third song each verse is divided into three members making in our English setting 66 verses. Other of its poetical features we can not dwell upon.
Analysis of the Chapters.
In chapter 1 the lament is over the ruin of Jerusalem and Judah, and is divided into two parts of equal length. The first is a description of the city, and the second the lamentation strictly considered. In both the speaker is the prophet himself (or an ideal person like the daughter of Zion, for example).
In chapter 2, the lament is over the destruction of the city, which is described and attributed to Jehovah. This also is in two nearly even sections. Verses 1-10 describe the judgment; verses 12-22 is the lamentation proper.
In chapter 3 is the climax where Israel's brighter day is contrasted with the gloomy night of sorrow experienced by the prophet himself. There are three parts in this chapter, divided as follows: Verses 1-18, 19-42, 43-66.
In chapter 4, Zion's guilt and punishment are described, the whole consisting of four parts which will be readily distinguished as verses 1-6; 7-11; 12-16; 17-22.
In chapter 5, the distress and hope of the prisoners and fugitives are expressed in the form of a prayer. Here the author lets the people speak, not as an ideal person but in the first person plural as a concrete multitude. There is an introduction (v. 1), two principal parts, verses 2-7 and 8-16, and a conclusion, verses 17-22.
For the above analysis of the chapter we are indebted to Lange.
Golden Texts.
There are some richly laden verses in this beautiful book, full of comfort and instruction for the saint and of homiletic value to the preacher. We indicate a few: 1:12; 1:16; 2:13; 2:14; 3:21-26; 3:31-33; 3:37; 3:39-41; 5:7; 5:16-17; 5:21.
【애4:1 MHCC】 The deplorable state of the nation is contrasted with its ancient prosperity.
애4:1-12 What a change is here! Sin tarnishes the beauty of the most exalted powers and the most excellent gifts; but that gold, tried in the fire, which Christ bestows, never will be taken from us; its outward appearance may be dimmed, but its real value can never be changed. The horrors of the siege and destruction of Jerusalem are again described. Beholding the sad consequences of sin in the church of old, let us seriously consider to what the same causes may justly bring down the church now. But, Lord, though we have gone from thee in rebellion, yet turn to us, and turn our hearts to thee, that we may fear thy name. Come to us, bless us with awakening, converting, renewing, confirming grace.
애4:13-20 Nothing ripens a people more for ruin, nor fills the measure faster, than the sins of priests and prophets. The king himself cannot escape, for Divine vengeance pursues him. Our anointed King alone is the life of our souls; we may safely live under his shadow, and rejoice in Him in the midst of our enemies, for He is the true God and eternal life.
애4:21,22 Here it is foretold that an end should be put to Zion's troubles. Not the fulness of punishment deserved, but of what God has determined to inflict. An end shall be put to Edom's triumphs. All the troubles of the church and of the believer will soon be accomplished. And the doom of their enemies approaches. The Lord will bring their sins to light, and they shall lie down in eternal sorrow. Edom here represents all the enemies of the church. And the corruption, and sin of Israel, which the prophet has proved to be universal, justifies the judgments of the Lord. It shows the need of that grace in Christ Jesus, which the sin and corruption of all mankind make so necessary.
【애4:2 JFB】Beth.
2. comparable to … gold—(욥28:16, 19).
earthen pitchers—(사30:14; 렘19:11).
【애4:3 JFB】Gimel.
3. sea monsters … breast—Whales and other cetaceous monsters are mammalian. Even they suckle their young; but the Jewish women in the siege, so desperate was their misery, ate theirs (애4:10; 애2:20). Others translate, "jackals."
ostriches—see on 욥39:14; 욥39:16, on their forsaking their young.
【애4:4 JFB】Daleth.
4. thirst—The mothers have no milk to give through the famine.
【애4:5 JFB】He.
5. delicately—on dainties.
are desolate—or, "perish."
in scarlet embrace dunghills—Instead of the scarlet couches on which the grandees were nursed, they must lie on dunghills.
embrace—They who once shrank sensitively from any soil, gladly cling close to heaps of filth as their only resting-place. Compare "embrace the rock" (욥24:8).
【애4:6 JFB】Vau.
6. greater than … Sodom—(마11:23). No prophets had been sent to Sodom, as there had been to Judea; therefore the punishment of the latter was heavier than that of the former.
overthrown … in a moment—whereas the Jews had to endure the protracted and manifold hardships of a siege.
no hands stayed on her—No hostile force, as the Chaldeans in the case of Jerusalem, continually pressed on her before her overthrow. Jeremiah thus shows the greater severity of Jerusalem's punishment than that of Sodom.
【애4:7 JFB】Zain.
7. Nazarites—literally, "separated ones" (민6:2). They were held once in the highest estimation, but now they are degraded. God's blessing formerly caused their body not to be the less fair and ruddy for their abstinence from strong drink. Compare the similar case of Daniel, &c. (단1:8-15). Also David (삼상16:12; 17:42). Type of Messiah (아5:10).
rubies—Gesenius translates, "corals," from a Hebrew root, "to divide into branches," from the branching form of corals.
polishing—They were like exquisitely cut and polished sapphires. The "sapphires" may represent the blue veins of a healthy person.
【애4:8 JFB】Cheth.
8. blacker than … coal—or, "than blackness" itself (Joe 2:6; 나2:10).
like a stick—as withered as a dry stick.
【애4:9 JFB】Teth.
9. The speedy death by the sword is better than the lingering death by famine.
pine away—literally, "flow out"; referring to the flow of blood. This expression, and "stricken through," are drawn from death by "the sword."
want of … fruits—The words in italics have to be supplied in the original (창18:28; 시109:24).
【애4:10 JFB】Jod.
10. (애2:20; 신28:56, 57).
pitiful—naturally at other times compassionate (사49:15). Josephus describes the unnatural act as it took place in the siege under Titus.
sodden—boiled.
【애4:11 JFB】Caph.
11. fire … devoured … foundations—(신32:22; 렘21:14). A most rare event. Fire usually consumes only the surface; but this reached even to the foundation, cutting off all hope of restoration.
【애4:12 JFB】Lamed.
12. Jerusalem was so fortified that all thought it impregnable. It therefore could only have been the hand of God, not the force of man, which overthrew it.
【애4:13 JFB】Mem.
13. prophets—the false prophets (렘23:11, 21). Supply the sense thus: "For the sins … these calamities have befallen her."
shed the blood of the just—(마23:31, 37). This received its full fulfilment in the slaying of Messiah and the Jews' consequent dispersion (약5:6).
【애4:14 JFB】Nun.
14. blind—with mental aberration.
polluted … with blood—both with blood of one another mutually shed (for example, 렘2:34), and with their blood shed by the enemy [Glassius].
not touch … garments—as being defiled with blood (민19:16).
【애4:15 JFB】Samech.
15. They … them—"They," that is, "men" (애4:14). Even the very Gentiles, regarded as unclean by the Jews, who were ordered most religiously to avoid all defilements, cried unto the latter, "depart," as being unclean: so universal was the defilement of the city by blood.
wandered—As the false prophets and their followers had "wandered" blind with infatuated and idolatrous crime in the city (애4:14), so they must now "wander" among the heathen in blind consternation with calamity.
they said—that is, the Gentiles said: it was said among the heathen, "The Jews shall no more sojourn in their own land" [Grotius]; or, wheresoever they go in their wandering exile, "they shall not stay long" [Ludovicus De Dieu], (신28:65).
【애4:16 JFB】Pe.
16.Ain and Pe are here transposed (애4:16, 17), as in 애2:16, 17; 3:46-51.
anger—literally, "face"; it is the countenance which, by its expression, manifests anger (시34:16). Gesenius translates, "the person of Jehovah"; Jehovah present; Jehovah Himself (출33:14; 삼하17:11).
divided—dispersed the Jews.
they respected not … priests—This is the language of the Gentiles. "The Jews have no hope of a return: for they respected not even good priests" (대하24:19-22) [Grotius]. Maurer explains it, "They (the victorious foe) regard not the (Jewish) priests when imploring their pity" (애5:12). The evident antithesis to "As for us" (애4:17) and the language of "the heathen" at the close of 애4:15, of which 애4:16 is the continuation, favor the former view.
【애4:17 JFB】Ain.
17. As for us—This translation forms the best antithesis to the language of the heathen (애4:15, 16). Calvin translates, "While as yet we stood as a state, our eyes failed," &c.
watched for a nation that could not save us—Egypt (왕하24:7; 사30:7; 렘37:5-11).
【애4:18 JFB】Tzaddi.
18. They—the Chaldeans.
cannot go—without danger.
【애4:19 JFB】Koph.
19. The last times just before the taking of the city. There was no place of escape; the foe intercepted those wishing to escape from the famine-stricken city, "on the mountains and in the wilderness."
swifter … than … eagles—the Chaldean cavalry (렘4:13).
pursued—literally, "to be hot"; then, "to pursue hotly" (창31:36). Thus they pursued and overtook Zedekiah (렘52:8, 9).
【애4:20 JFB】Resh.
20. breath … anointed of … Lord—our king, with whose life ours was bound up. The original reference seems to have been to Josiah (대하35:25), killed in battle with Pharaoh-necho; but the language is here applied to Zedekiah, who, though worthless, was still lineal representative of David, and type of Messiah, the "Anointed." Viewed personally the language is too favorable to apply to him.
live among the heathen—Under him we hoped to live securely, even in spite of the surrounding heathen nations [Grotius].
【애4:21 JFB】Schin.
21. Rejoice—at our calamities (시137:7). This is a prophecy that Edom should exult over the fall of Jerusalem. At the same time it is implied, Edom's joy shall be short-lived. Ironically she is told, Rejoice while thou mayest (전11:9).
cup—for this image of the confounding effects of God's wrath, see 렘13:12; 25:15, 16, 21; as to Edom, 렘49:7-22.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.