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■ 예레미야애가 1장
1. 슬프다 이 성이여 본래는 거민이 많더니 이제는 어찌 그리 적막히 앉았는고 본래는 열국 중에 크던 자가 이제는 과부 같고 본래는 열방 중에 공주 되었던 자가 이제는 조공 드리는 자가 되었도다
How doth the city sit solitary , that was full of people ! how is she become as a widow ! she that was great among the nations , and princess among the provinces , how is she become tributary !
2. 밤새도록 애곡하니 눈물이 뺨에 흐름이여 사랑하던 자 중에 위로하는 자가 없고 친구도 다 배반하여 원수가 되었도다
She weepeth sore in the night , and her tears are on her cheeks : among all her lovers she hath none to comfort her: all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies .
3. 유다는 환난과 많은 수고로 인하여 사로잡혀 갔도다 저가 열방에 거하여 평강을 얻지 못함이여 그 모든 핍박하는 자가 저를 쫓아 협착한 곳에 미쳤도다
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction , and because of great servitude : she dwelleth among the heathen , she findeth no rest : all her persecutors overtook her between the straits .
4. 시온의 도로가 처량함이여 절기에 나아가는 사람이 없음이로다 모든 성문이 황적하며 제사장들이 탄식하며 처녀들이 근심하며 저도 곤고를 받았도다
The ways of Zion do mourn , because none come to the solemn feasts : all her gates are desolate : her priests sigh , her virgins are afflicted , and she is in bitterness .
5. 저의 대적이 머리가 되고 저의 원수가 형통함은 저의 죄가 많으므로 여호와께서 곤고케 하셨음이라 어린 자녀들이 대적에게 사로잡혔도다
Her adversaries are the chief , her enemies prosper ; for the Lord hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions : her children are gone into captivity before the enemy .
6. 처녀 시온의 모든 영광이 떠나감이여 저의 목백은 꼴을 찾지 못한 사슴이 쫓는 자 앞에서 힘없이 달림 같도다
And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed : her princes are become like harts that find no pasture , and they are gone without strength before the pursuer .
7. 예루살렘이 환난과 군박을 당하는 날에 옛날의 모든 즐거움을 생각함이여 백성이 대적의 손에 빠지나 돕는 자가 없고 대적은 보고 그 황적함을 비웃도다
Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old , when her people fell into the hand of the enemy , and none did help her: the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths .
8. 예루살렘이 크게 범죄하므로 불결한 자 같이 되니 전에 높이던 모든 자가 그 적신을 보고 업신여김이여 저가 탄식하며 물러가도다
Jerusalem hath grievously sinned ; therefore she is removed : all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness : yea, she sigheth , and turneth backward .
9. 저의 더러움이 그 치마에 있으나 결국을 생각지 아니함이여 그러므로 놀랍게 낮아져도 위로할 자가 없도다 여호와여 원수가 스스로 큰 체하오니 나의 환난을 감찰하소서
Her filthiness is in her skirts ; she remembereth not her last end ; therefore she came down wonderfully : she had no comforter . O Lord , behold my affliction : for the enemy hath magnified himself.
10. 대적이 손을 펴서 보물을 빼앗았나이다 주께서 이미 이방인을 금하여 주의 공회에 들어오지 못하게 하셨사오나 저희가 성소에 들어간 것을 예루살렘이 보았나이다
The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her pleasant things : for she hath seen that the heathen entered into her sanctuary , whom thou didst command that they should not enter into thy congregation .
11. 그 모든 백성이 생명을 소성시키려고 보물로 식물들을 바꾸었더니 지금도 탄식하며 양식을 구하나이다 나는 비천하오니 여호와여 나를 권고하옵소서
All her people sigh , they seek bread ; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul : see , O Lord , and consider ; for I am become vile .
12. 무릇 지나가는 자여 너희에게는 관계가 없는가 내게 임한 근심 같은 근심이 있는가 볼지어다 여호와께서 진노하신 날에 나를 괴롭게 하신 것이로다
Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by ? behold , and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow , which is done unto me, wherewith the Lord hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger .
13. 위에서부터 나의 골수에 불을 보내어 이기게 하시고 내 발 앞에 그물을 베푸사 나로 물러가게 하셨음이여 종일토록 고적하여 곤비케 하셨도다
From above hath he sent fire into my bones , and it prevaileth against them: he hath spread a net for my feet , he hath turned me back : he hath made me desolate and faint all the day .
14. 내 죄악의 멍에를 그 손으로 묶고 얽어 내 목에 올리사 내 힘을 피곤케 하셨음이여 내가 당할 수 없는 자의 손에 주께서 나를 붙이셨도다
The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand : they are wreathed , and come up upon my neck : he hath made my strength to fall , the Lord hath delivered me into their hands , from whom I am not able to rise up .
15. 주께서 내 지경 안 모든 용사를 없는 것 같이 여기시고 성회를 모아 내 소년들을 부수심이여 처녀 유다를 술틀에 밟으셨도다
The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men : the Lord hath trodden the virgin , the daughter of Judah , as in a winepress .
16. 이를 인하여 내가 우니 내 눈에 눈물이 물 같이 흐름이여 나를 위로하여 내 영을 소성시킬 자가 멀리 떠났음이로다 원수들이 이기매 내 자녀들이 외롭도다
For these things I weep ; mine eye , mine eye runneth down with water , because the comforter that should relieve my soul is far from me: my children are desolate , because the enemy prevailed .
17. 시온이 두손을 폈으나 위로할 자가 없도다 여호와께서 야곱의 사면에 있는 자를 명하여 야곱의 대적이 되게 하셨으니 예루살렘은 저희 가운데 불결한 자 같도다
Zion spreadeth forth her hands , and there is none to comfort her: the Lord hath commanded concerning Jacob , that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.
18. 여호와는 의로우시도다 내가 여호와의 명령을 거역하였도다 너희 모든 백성들아 내 말을 듣고 내 근심을 볼지어다 나의 처녀와 소년들이 사로잡혀 갔도다
The Lord is righteous ; for I have rebelled against his commandment : hear , I pray you, all people , and behold my sorrow : my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity .
19. 내가 내 사랑하는 자를 불렀으나 저희가 나를 속였으며 나의 제사장들과 장로들은 소성시킬 식물을 구하다가 성중에서 기절하였도다
I called for my lovers , but they deceived me: my priests and mine elders gave up the ghost in the city , while they sought their meat to relieve their souls .
20. 여호와여 돌아보옵소서 내가 환난 중에서 마음이 괴롭고 마음이 번뇌하오니 나의 패역이 심히 큼이니이다 밖으로는 칼의 살륙이 있고 집에는 사망 같은 것이 있나이다
Behold , O Lord ; for I am in distress : my bowels are troubled ; mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled : abroad the sword bereaveth , at home there is as death .
21. 저희가 나의 탄식을 들었으나 나를 위로하는 자가 없고 나의 모든 원수가 나의 재앙을 들었으나 주께서 이렇게 행하심을 기뻐하나이다 주께서 반포하신 날을 이르게 하시리니 저희가 나와 같이 되겠나이다
They have heard that I sigh : there is none to comfort me: all mine enemies have heard of my trouble ; they are glad that thou hast done it: thou wilt bring the day that thou hast called , and they shall be like unto me.
22. 저희 모든 악을 주 앞에 나타내시고 나의 모든 죄악을 인하여 내게 행하신 것 같이 저희에게 행하옵소서 나의 탄식이 많고 나의 마음이 곤비하니이다
Let all their wickedness come before thee; and do unto them, as thou hast done unto me for all my transgressions : for my sighs are many , and my heart is faint .
■ 주석 보기
【애1:1 JFB】애1:1-22.
Aleph.
1. how is she … widow! she that was great, &c.—English Version is according to the accents. But the members of each sentence are better balanced in antithesis, thus, "how is she that was great among the nations become as a widow! (how) she who was princess among the provinces (that is, she who ruled over the surrounding provinces from the Nile to the Euphrates, 창15:18; 왕상4:21; 대하9:26; 스4:20) become tributary!" [Maurer].
sit—on the ground; the posture of mourners (애2:10; 스9:3). The coin struck on the taking of Jerusalem by Titus, representing Judea as a female sitting solitary under a palm tree, with the inscription, Judæa Capta, singularly corresponds to the image here; the language therefore must be prophetical of her state subsequent to Titus, as well as referring retrospectively to her Babylonian captivity.
【애1:1 CWC】"The touching significance of this book lies in the fact that it is the disclosure of the love and sorrow of Jehovah for the very people He is chastening -- a sorrow wrought by the Spirit in the heart of Jeremiah. Compare 렘13:7; 마23:36-38: 롬9:1-5." -- Scofield Reference Bible.
"As regards its external structure, the composition of the book, both as a whole and in its several parts, is so artistic, that anything like it can hardly be found in any other book of Holy Scriptures." -- Lange's Commentary.
In the first place it contains just five songs, each limited to a single chapter. In the second place, there is a marked climax in the third song, with an ascent and a descent, a crescendo and decrescendo movement before and after it. About the middle of this song at verse eighteen, the prophet seems to have reached the deepest night of his misery, "but where the exigency is greatest, help is nearest. The night is succeeded by the morning (vv. 19-21), and with verse 22 breaks the full day."
Each of the songs contains 22 verses according to the number of letters in the Hebrew alphabet; in other words, it is an acrostic -- a favorite form of Hebrew poetry. But In the third song each verse is divided into three members making in our English setting 66 verses. Other of its poetical features we can not dwell upon.
Analysis of the Chapters.
In chapter 1 the lament is over the ruin of Jerusalem and Judah, and is divided into two parts of equal length. The first is a description of the city, and the second the lamentation strictly considered. In both the speaker is the prophet himself (or an ideal person like the daughter of Zion, for example).
In chapter 2, the lament is over the destruction of the city, which is described and attributed to Jehovah. This also is in two nearly even sections. Verses 1-10 describe the judgment; verses 12-22 is the lamentation proper.
In chapter 3 is the climax where Israel's brighter day is contrasted with the gloomy night of sorrow experienced by the prophet himself. There are three parts in this chapter, divided as follows: Verses 1-18, 19-42, 43-66.
In chapter 4, Zion's guilt and punishment are described, the whole consisting of four parts which will be readily distinguished as verses 1-6; 7-11; 12-16; 17-22.
In chapter 5, the distress and hope of the prisoners and fugitives are expressed in the form of a prayer. Here the author lets the people speak, not as an ideal person but in the first person plural as a concrete multitude. There is an introduction (v. 1), two principal parts, verses 2-7 and 8-16, and a conclusion, verses 17-22.
For the above analysis of the chapter we are indebted to Lange.
Golden Texts.
There are some richly laden verses in this beautiful book, full of comfort and instruction for the saint and of homiletic value to the preacher. We indicate a few: 1:12; 1:16; 2:13; 2:14; 3:21-26; 3:31-33; 3:37; 3:39-41; 5:7; 5:16-17; 5:21.
【애1:1 MHCC】 The miserable state of Jerusalem, the just consequences of its sins. (애1:1-11) Jerusalem represented as a captive female, lamenting, and seeking the mercy of God. (애1:12-22)
애1:1-11 The prophet sometimes speaks in his own person; at other times Jerusalem, as a distressed female, is the speaker, or some of the Jews. The description shows the miseries of the Jewish nation. Jerusalem became a captive and a slave, by reason of the greatness of her sins; and had no rest from suffering. If we allow sin, our greatest adversary, to have dominion over us, justly will other enemies also be suffered to have dominion. The people endured the extremities of famine and distress. In this sad condition Jerusalem acknowledged her sin, and entreated the Lord to look upon her case. This is the only way to make ourselves easy under our burdens; for it is the just anger of the Lord for man's transgressions, that has filled the earth with sorrows, lamentations, sickness, and death.
애1:12-22 Jerusalem, sitting dejected on the ground, calls on those that passed by, to consider whether her example did not concern them. Her outward sufferings were great, but her inward sufferings were harder to bear, through the sense of guilt. Sorrow for sin must be great sorrow, and must affect the soul. Here we see the evil of sin, and may take warning to flee from the wrath to come. Whatever may be learned from the sufferings of Jerusalem, far more may be learned from the sufferings of Christ. Does he not from the cross speak to every one of us? Does he not say, Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? Let all our sorrows lead us to the cross of Christ, lead us to mark his example, and cheerfully to follow him.
【애1:2 JFB】Beth.
2. in the night—even in the night, the period of rest and oblivion of griefs (욥7:3).
lovers … friends—the heathen states allied to Judah, and their idols. The idols whom she "loved" (렘2:20-25) could not comfort her. Her former allies would not: nay, some "treacherously" joined her enemies against her (왕하24:2, 7; 시137:7).
【애1:3 JFB】Gimel.
3. (렘52:27).
because of great servitude—that is, in a state "of great servitude," endured from the Chaldeans. "Because" is made by Vatablus indicative of the cause of her captivity; namely, her having "afflicted" and unjustly brought into "servitude" the manumitted bond-servants (렘34:8-22). Maurer explains it, "Judah has left her land (not literally 'gone into captivity') because of the yoke imposed on it by Nebuchadnezzar."
no rest—(신28:64, 65).
overtook her between … straits—image from robbers, who in the East intercept travellers at the narrow passes in hilly regions.
【애1:4 JFB】Daleth.
4. feasts—the passover, pentecost (or the feast of weeks), and the feast of tabernacles.
gates—once the place of concourse.
【애1:5 JFB】He.
5. the chief—rule her (신28:43, 44).
adversaries … prosper; for the Lord—All the foes' attempts would have failed, had not God delivered His people into their hands (렘30:15).
【애1:6 JFB】Vau.
6. beauty … departed—her temple, throne, and priesthood.
harts that find no pasture—an animal timid and fleet, especially when seeking and not able to "find pasture."
【애1:7 JFB】Zain.
7. remembered—rather, "remembers," now, in her afflicted state. In the days of her prosperity she did not appreciate, as she ought, the favors of God to her. Now, awakening out of her past lethargy, she feels from what high privileges she has fallen.
when her people fell, &c.—that is, after which days of prosperity "her people fell."
mock at her sabbaths—The heathen used to mock at the Jews' Sabbath, as showing their idleness, and term them Sabbatarians [Martial, 4.4]. Now, said they ironically, ye may keep a continuous Sabbath. So God appointed the length of the captivity (seventy years) to be exactly that of the sum of the Sabbaths in the four hundred ninety years in which the land was denied its Sabbaths (레26:33-35). Maurer translates it "ruin." But English Version better expresses the point of their "mocking," namely, their involuntary "Sabbaths," that is, the cessation of all national movements. A fourth line is added in this stanza, whereas in all the others there are but three. So in 애2:19.
【애1:8 JFB】Cheth.
8. (왕상8:46).
is removed—as a woman separated from the congregation of God for legal impurity, which is a type of moral impurity. So 애1:17; 레12:2; 15:19, &c.
her nakedness—They have treated her as contumeliously as courtesans from whom their clothes are stripped.
turneth backward—as modest women do from shame, that is, she is cast down from all hope of restoration [Calvin].
【애1:9 JFB】Teth.
9. Continuation of the image in 애1:8. Her ignominy and misery cannot be concealed but are apparent to all, as if a woman were suffering under such a flow as to reach the end of her skirts.
remembereth not … last end—(신32:29; 사47:7). She forgot how fatal must be the end of her iniquity. Or, as the words following imply: She, in despair, cannot lift herself up to lay hold of God's promises as to her "latter end" [Calvin].
wonderfully—Hebrew, "wonders," that is, with amazing dejection.
O Lord, behold—Judah here breaks in, speaking for herself.
for the enemy hath magnified himself—What might seem ground for despair, the elated insulting of the enemy, is rather ground for good hope.
【애1:10 JFB】Jod.
10. for—surely she hath seen, &c.
heathen … command … not enter … congregation—for instance, the Ammonites and Moabites (신23:3; 느13:1, 2). If the heathen, as such, were not allowed to enter the sanctuary for worship, much less were they allowed to enter in order to rob and destroy.
【애1:11 JFB】Caph.
11. (렘37:21; 38:9; 52:6).
given … pleasant things for meat—(왕하6:25; 욥2:4).
relieve … soul—literally, "to cause the soul or life to return."
for I am become vile—Her sins and consequent sorrows are made the plea in craving God's mercy. Compare the like plea in 시25:11.
【애1:12 JFB】Lamed.
12. The pathetic appeal of Jerusalem, not only to her neighbors, but even to the strangers "passing by," as her sorrow is such as should excite the compassion even of those unconnected with her. She here prefigures Christ, whom the language is prophetically made to suit, more than Jerusalem. Compare Israel, that is, Messiah, 사49:3. Compare with "pass by," 마27:39; 막15:29. As to Jerusalem, 단9:12. M AURER, from the Arabic idiom, translates, "do not go off on your way," that is, stop, whoever ye are that pass by. English Version is simpler.
【애1:13 JFB】Mem.
13. bones—a fire which not only consumes the skin and flesh, but penetrates even to my "bones" (that is, my vital powers).
prevaileth against—not as Rosenmuller, "He (Jehovah) hath broken them"; a sense not in the Hebrew.
net—(겔12:13); image from hunting wild beasts. He has so entangled me in His judgments that I cannot escape.
turned me back—so that I cannot go forward and get free from His meshes.
【애1:14 JFB】Nun.
14. yoke … is bound by his hand—(신28:48). Metaphor from husbandmen, who, after they have bound the yoke to the neck of oxen, hold the rein firmly twisted round the hand. Thus the translation will be, "in His hand." Or else, "the yoke of my transgressions" (that is, of punishment for my transgressions) is held so fast fixed on me "by" God, that there is no loosening of it; thus English Version, "by His hand."
wreathed—My sins are like the withes entwined about the neck to fasten the yoke to.
into their hands, from whom—into the hands of those, from whom, &c. Maurer translates, "before whom I am not able to stand."
【애1:15 JFB】Samech.
15. trodden, &c.—Maurer, from Syriac root, translates, "cast away"; so 왕하23:27. But 시119:118, supports English Version.
in … midst of me—They fell not on the battlefield, but in the heart of the city; a sign of the divine wrath.
assembly—the collected forces of Babylon; a very different "assembly" from the solemn ones which once met at Jerusalem on the great feasts. The Hebrew means, literally, such a solemn "assembly" or feast (compare 애2:22).
trodden … virgin … in a wine-press—hath forced her blood to burst forth, as the red wine from the grapes trodden in the press (사63:3; 계14:19, 20; 19:15).
【애1:16 JFB】Ain.
16. (렘13:17; 14:17). Jerusalem is the speaker.
mine eye, mine eye—so 애4:18, "our end … our end"; repetition for emphasis.
【애1:17 JFB】Pe.
17. Like a woman in labor-throes (렘4:31).
menstruous woman—held unclean, and shunned by all; separated from her husband and from the temple (compare 애1:8; 레14:19, &c.).
【애1:18 JFB】Tzaddi.
18. The sure sign of repentance; justifying God, condemning herself (느9:33; 시51:4; 단9:7-14).
his commandment—literally, "mouth"; His word in the mouth of the prophets.
【애1:19 JFB】Koph.
19. lovers—(애1:2; 렘30:14).
elders—in dignity, not merely age.
sought … meat—Their dignity did not exempt them from having to go and seek bread (애1:11).
【애1:20 JFB】Resh.
20. bowels … troubled—(욥30:27; 사16:11; 렘4:19; 31:20). Extreme mental distress affects the bowels and the whole internal frame.
heart … turned—(호11:8); is agitated or fluttered.
abroad … sword … at home … as death—(신32:25; 겔7:15). The "as" does not modify, but intensifies. "Abroad the sword bereaveth, at home as it were death itself" (personified), in the form of famine and pestilence (왕하25:3; 렘14:18; 52:6). So 합2:5, "as death" [Michaelis].
【애1:21 JFB】Schin.
21. they are glad that thou hast done it—because they thought that therefore Judah is irretrievably ruined (렘40:3).
the day … called—(but) thou wilt bring on them the day of calamity which thou hast announced, namely, by the prophets (렘50:1-46; 48:27).
like … me—in calamities (시137:8, 9; 렘51:25, &c.).
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.