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■ 신명기 22장
1. 네 형제의 우양의 길 잃은 것을 보거든 못본체 하지 말고 너는 반드시 끌어다가 네 형제에게 돌릴 것이요
Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ox or his sheep go astray , and hide thyself from them: thou shalt in any case bring them again unto thy brother .
2. 네 형제가 네게서 멀거나 네가 혹 그를 알지 못하거든 그 짐승을 네 집으로 끌고 와서 네 형제가 찾기까지 네게 두었다가 그에게 돌릴지니
And if thy brother be not nigh unto thee, or if thou know him not, then thou shalt bring it unto thine own house , and it shall be with thee until thy brother seek after it, and thou shalt restore it to him again .
3. 나귀라도 그리하고 의복이라도 그리하고 무릇 형제의 잃은 아무 것이든지 네가 얻거든 다 그리하고 못본체 하지 말 것이며
In like manner shalt thou do with his ass ; and so shalt thou do with his raiment ; and with all lost thing of thy brother’s , which he hath lost , and thou hast found , shalt thou do likewise: thou mayest not hide thyself.
4. 네 형제의 나귀나 소가 길에 넘어진 것을 보거든 못본체 하지말고 너는 반드시 형제를 도와서 그것을 일으킬지니라
Thou shalt not see thy brother’s ass or his ox fall down by the way , and hide thyself from them: thou shalt surely help him to lift them up again .
5. 여자는 남자의 의복을 입지 말 것이요 남자는 여자의 의복을 입지 말 것이라 이같이 하는 자는 네 하나님 여호와께 가증한 자니라
The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man , neither shall a man put on a woman’s garment : for all that do so are abomination unto the Lord thy God .
6. 노중에서 나무에나 땅에 있는 새의 보금자리에 새 새끼나 알이 있고 어미새가 그 새끼나 알을 품은 것을 만나거든 그 어미새와 새끼를 아울러 취하지 말고
If a bird’s nest chance to be before thee in the way in any tree , or on the ground , whether they be young ones , or eggs , and the dam sitting upon the young , or upon the eggs , thou shalt not take the dam with the young :
7. 어미는 반드시 놓아 줄 것이요 새끼는 취하여도 가하니 그리하면 네가 복을 누리고 장수하리라
But thou shalt in any wise let the dam go , and take the young to thee; that it may be well with thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days .
8. 네가 새 집을 건축할 때에 지붕에 난간을 만들어 사람으로 떨어지지 않게 하라 그 피 흐른 죄가 네 집에 돌아갈까 하노라
When thou buildest a new house , then thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof , that thou bring not blood upon thine house , if any man fall from thence.
9. 네 포도원에 두 종자를 섞어 뿌리지 말라 그리하면 네가 뿌린 씨의 열매와 포도원의 소산이 빼앗김이 될까 하노라
Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds : lest the fruit of thy seed which thou hast sown , and the fruit of thy vineyard , be defiled .
10. 너는 소와 나귀를 겨리하여 갈지 말며
Thou shalt not plow with an ox and an ass together .
11. 양털과 베실로 섞어 짠 것을 입지 말지니라
Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts , as of woollen and linen together .
12. 입는 겉 옷 네 귀에 술을 만들지니라
Thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters of thy vesture , wherewith thou coverest thyself.
13. 누구든지 아내를 취하여 그와 동침한 후에 그를 미워하여
If any man take a wife , and go in unto her, and hate her,
14. 비방거리를 만들어 그에게 누명을 씌워 가로되 내가 이 여자를 취하였더니 그와 동침할 때에 그의 처녀인 표적을 보지 못하였노라 하면
And give occasions of speech against her, and bring up an evil name upon her, and say , I took this woman , and when I came to her, I found her not a maid :
15. 그 처녀의 부모가 처녀의 처녀인 표를 얻어 가지고 그 성읍문 장로들에게로 가서
Then shall the father of the damsel , and her mother , take and bring forth the tokens of the damsel’s virginity unto the elders of the city in the gate :
16. 처녀의 아비가 장로들에게 말하기를 내 딸을 이 사람에게 아내로 주었더니 그가 미워하여
And the damsel’s father shall say unto the elders , I gave my daughter unto this man to wife , and he hateth her;
17. 비방거리를 만들어 말하기를 내가 네 딸의 처녀인 표적을 보지 못하였노라 하나 보라 내 딸의 처녀인 표적이 이것이라 하고 그 부모가 그 자리 옷을 그 성읍 장로들 앞에 펼 것이요
And, lo, he hath given occasions of speech against her, saying , I found not thy daughter a maid ; and yet these are the tokens of my daughter’s virginity . And they shall spread the cloth before the elders of the city .
18. 그 성읍 장로들은 그 사람을 잡아 때리고
And the elders of that city shall take that man and chastise him;
19. 이스라엘 처녀에게 누명 씌움을 인하여 그에게서 은 일백 세겔을 벌금으로 받아 여자의 아비에게 주고 그 여자로 그 남자의 평생에 버리지 못할 아내가 되게 하려니와
And they shall amerce him in an hundred shekels of silver , and give them unto the father of the damsel , because he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel : and she shall be his wife ; he may not put her away all his days .
20. 그 일이 참되어 그 처녀에게 처녀인 표적이 없거든
But if this thing be true , and the tokens of virginity be not found for the damsel :
21. 처녀를 그 아비 집 문에서 끌어내고 그 성읍 사람들이 그를 돌로 쳐 죽일지니 이는 그가 그 아비 집에서 창기의 행동을 하여 이스라엘 중에서 악을 행하였음이라 너는 이와 같이 하여 너의 중에 악을 제할지니라
Then they shall bring out the damsel to the door of her father’s house , and the men of her city shall stone her with stones that she die : because she hath wrought folly in Israel , to play the whore in her father’s house : so shalt thou put evil away from among you.
22. 남자가 유부녀와 통간함을 보거든 그 통간한 남자와 그 여자를 둘 다 죽여 이스라엘 중에 악을 제할지니라
If a man be found lying with a woman married to an husband , then they shall both of them die , both the man that lay with the woman , and the woman : so shalt thou put away evil from Israel .
23. 처녀인 여자가 남자와 약혼한 후에 어떤 남자가 그를 성읍 중에서 만나 통간하면
If a damsel that is a virgin be betrothed unto an husband , and a man find her in the city , and lie with her;
24. 너희는 그들을 둘 다 성읍 문으로 끌어내고 그들을 돌로 쳐 죽일 것이니 그 처녀는 성읍 중에 있어서도 소리지르지 아니하였음이요 그 남자는 그 이웃의 아내를 욕보였음이라 너는 이같이 하여 너의 중에 악을 제할지니라
Then ye shall bring them both out unto the gate of that city , and ye shall stone them with stones that they die ; the damsel , because she cried not, being in the city ; and the man , because he hath humbled his neighbour’s wife : so thou shalt put away evil from among you.
25. 만일 남자가 어떤 약혼한 처녀를 들에서 만나서 강간하였거든 그 강간한 남자만 죽일 것이요
But if a man find a betrothed damsel in the field , and the man force her, and lie with her: then the man only that lay with her shall die :
26. 처녀에게는 아무 것도 행치 말 것은 처녀에게는 죽일 죄가 없음이라 이 일은 사람이 일어나 그 이웃을 쳐 죽인 것과 일반이라
But unto the damsel thou shalt do nothing ; there is in the damsel no sin worthy of death : for as when a man riseth against his neighbour , and slayeth him, even so is this matter :
27. 남자가 처녀를 들에서 만난 까닭에 그 약혼한 처녀가 소리질러도 구원할 자가 없었음이니라
For he found her in the field , and the betrothed damsel cried , and there was none to save her.
28. 만일 남자가 어떤 약혼하지 아니한 처녀를 만나 그를 붙들고 통간하는 중 그 두 사람이 발견되거든
If a man find a damsel that is a virgin , which is not betrothed , and lay hold on her, and lie with her, and they be found ;
29. 그 통간한 남자는 그 처녀의 아비에게 은 오십 세겔을 주고 그 처녀로 아내를 삼을 것이라 그가 그 처녀를 욕보였은즉 평생에 그를 버리지 못하리라
Then the man that lay with her shall give unto the damsel’s father fifty shekels of silver , and she shall be his wife ; because he hath humbled her, he may not put her away all his days .
30. 사람이 그 아비의 후실을 취하여 아비의 하체를 드러내지 말지니라
A man shall not take his father’s wife , nor discover his father’s skirt .
■ 주석 보기
【신22:1 JFB】신22:1-4. Of Humanity toward Brethren.
1. Thou shalt not see thy brother's ox or his sheep go astray, and hide thyself from them, &c.—"Brother" is a term of extensive application, comprehending persons of every description; not a relative, neighbor, or fellow countryman only, but any human being, known or unknown, a foreigner, and even an enemy (출23:4). The duty inculcated is an act of common justice and charity, which, while it was taught by the law of nature, was more clearly and forcibly enjoined in the law delivered by God to His people. Indifference or dissimulation in the circumstances supposed would not only be cruelty to the dumb animals, but a violation of the common rights of humanity; and therefore the dictates of natural feeling, and still more the authority of the divine law, enjoined that the lost or missing property of another should be taken care of by the finder, till a proper opportunity occurred of restoring it to the owner.
【신22:1 CWC】[DIVERS REGULATIONS]
In these chapters are a number of matters which, for want of a better title, we class as above.
1. Expiation of Innocent Blood, c. 21:1-9.
These ceremonies showed the sanctity associated with human life. The "rough valley" of verse 4 is in the Revised Version "running water," and the whole was calculated to lead to the discovery of criminals and repress crime.
2. Female Captives, vv. 10-14.
These regulations were to improve the usages of the nations concerning the capture of females in war. A month was the period of mourning among the Jews, and the details of v. 4 were the signs of grief which the captive must be permitted to manifest for the loss of her parents and old associates now the same as dead. The delay was an act of humanity and kindness. How further were these virtues to be manifested (14)? We should ever remember, that we are comparing conditions not with our present ideas of social and domestic obligations, which are what they are because of the later teachings of the Bible, but with those existing in the days of Moses.
3. Right of the First-born, vv. 15-17.
In this case it is presupposed that the first wife was dead at the time referred to. The opening of verse 15 should be: "If a man have had two wives." In other words, the legislation does not touch a man who has two wives at the same time, for polygamy, while tolerated under the Mosaic law, was never legalized.
4. Prodigal Sons, vv. 18-21.
This law was qualified by the fact that the consent of both parents was necessary to its execution.
5. Common Humanities, c. 22:1-12.
"Brother" in v. 1 comprehends not only relatives, but neighbors or even strangers which should stand in need of such justice and charity.
The command of vv. 6, 7 needs re-enforcement today in certain quarters. Birds serve important uses in nature, and the extirpation of a species is productive of evils. The mother bird should be left for propagation, but the young occasionally might be taken as a check on too rapid an increase.
There is a lesson in the prohibitions of vv. 9-11, to which reference has been made in Leviticus; but touching v. 10: "An ox and ass being of different species, and different characters, cannot associate comfortably, nor unite cheerfully in drawing a plough or a wagon. The ass being smaller and his step shorter, there must be an unequal and irregular draught. Besides, the ass, from feeding on poisonous weeds, has a foetid breath, which its yoke-fellow seeks to avoid, not only as offensive, but producing leanness, or, if long continued, death; and hence it has been observed to hold away its head from the ass, and to pull only with one shoulder." -- Bible Commentary.
6. Sexual Matters, vv. 13-30.
On these verses Home says: "The regulations might be imperatively needful in the then situation of the Israelites; and yet, it is not necessary that we should curiously inquire into them. So far was it from being unworthy of God to leave such things upon record, that the enactments must heighten our admiration of His wisdom and goodness in the management of a people so perverse and so given to irregular passions.
"Nor is it a better argument that the Scriptures were not written by inspiration to object that this passage, and others of a like nature, tend to corrupt the imagination, than it is to say that the sun was not created by Gou, because its light may be abused by men as an assistant in committing crimes."
【신22:1 MHCC】If we duly regard the golden rule of “doing to others as we would they should do unto us,” many particular precepts might be omitted. We can have no property in any thing that we find. Religion teaches us to be neighbourly, and to be ready to do all good offices to all men. We know not how soon we may have occasion for help.
【신22:5 JFB】신22:5-12. The Sex to Be Distinguished by Apparel.
5. The woman shall not wear that which pertaineth unto a man, neither shall a man put on a woman's garment—Though disguises were assumed at certain times in heathen temples, it is probable that a reference was made to unbecoming levities practised in common life. They were properly forbidden; for the adoption of the habiliments of the one sex by the other is an outrage on decency, obliterates the distinctions of nature by fostering softness and effeminacy in the man, impudence and boldness in the woman as well as levity and hypocrisy in both; and, in short, it opens the door to an influx of so many evils that all who wear the dress of another sex are pronounced "an abomination unto the Lord."
【신22:5 MHCC】God's providence extends itself to the smallest affairs, and his precepts do so, that even in them we may be in the fear of the Lord, as we are under his eye and care. Yet the tendency of these laws, which seem little, is such, that being found among the things of God's law, they are to be accounted great things. If we would prove ourselves to be God's people, we must have respect to his will and to his glory, and not to the vain fashions of the world. Even in putting on our garments, as in eating or in drinking, all must be done with a serious regard to preserve our own and others' purity in heart and actions. Our eye should be single, our heart simple, and our behaviour all of a piece.
【신22:6 JFB】6, 7. If a bird's nest chance to be before thee—This is a beautiful instance of the humanizing spirit of the Mosaic law, in checking a tendency to wanton destructiveness and encouraging a spirit of kind and compassionate tenderness to the tiniest creatures. But there was wisdom as well as humanity in the precept; for, as birds are well known to serve important uses in the economy of nature, the extirpation of a species, whether of edible or ravenous birds, must in any country be productive of serious evils. But Palestine, in particular, was situated in a climate which produced poisonous snakes and scorpions; and the deserts and mountains would have been overrun with them as well as immense swarms of flies, locusts, mice, and vermin of various kinds if the birds which fed upon them were extirpated [Michaelis]. Accordingly, the counsel given in this passage was wise as well as humane, to leave the hen undisturbed for the propagation of the species, while the taking of the brood occasionally was permitted as a check to too rapid an increase.
【신22:8 JFB】8. thou shalt make a battlement for thy roof, that thou bring not blood upon thine house, if any man fall from thence—The tops of houses in ancient Judea, as in the East still, were flat, being composed of branches or twigs laid across large beams, and covered with a cement of clay or strong plaster. They were surrounded by a parapet breast high. In summer the roof is a favorite resort for coolness, and accidents would frequently happen from persons incautiously approaching the edge and falling into the street or court; hence it was a wise and prudent precaution in the Jewish legislator to provide that a stone balustrade or timber railing round the roof should form an essential part of every new house.
【신22:9 JFB】9. Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard with divers seeds—(See on 레19:19).
【신22:10 JFB】10. Thou shalt not plough with an ox and an ass together—Whether this association, like the mixture of seeds, had been dictated by superstitious motives and the prohibition was symbolical, designed to teach a moral lesson (고후6:14), may or may not have been the case. But the prohibition prevented a great inhumanity still occasionally practised by the poorer sort in Oriental countries. An ox and ass, being of different species and of very different characters, cannot associate comfortably, nor unite cheerfully in drawing a plough or a wagon. The ass being much smaller and his step shorter, there would be an unequal and irregular draft. Besides, the ass, from feeding on coarse and poisonous weeds, has a fetid breath, which its yoke fellow seeks to avoid, not only as poisonous and offensive, but producing leanness, or, if long continued, death; and hence, it has been observed always to hold away its head from the ass and to pull only with one shoulder.
【신22:11 JFB】11. thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts—The essence of the crime (습1:8) consisted, not in wearing a woollen and a linen robe, but in the two stuffs being woven together, according to a favorite superstition of ancient idolaters (see on 레19:19).
【신22:12 JFB】12. thou shalt make thee fringes upon the four quarters—or, according to some eminent biblical interpreters, tassels on the coverlet of the bed. The precept is not the same as 민15:38.
【신22:13 JFB】13-30. If a man take a wife, &c.—The regulations that follow might be imperatively needful in the then situation of the Israelites; and yet, it is not necessary that we should curiously and impertinently inquire into them. So far was it from being unworthy of God to leave such things upon record, that the enactments must heighten our admiration of His wisdom and goodness in the management of a people so perverse and so given to irregular passions. Nor is it a better argument that the Scriptures were not written by inspiration of God to object that this passage, and others of a like nature, tend to corrupt the imagination and will be abused by evil-disposed readers, than it is to say that the sun was not created by God, because its light may be abused by wicked men as an assistant in committing crimes which they have meditated [Horne].
【신22:13 MHCC】These and the like regulations might be needful then, and yet it is not necessary that we should curiously examine respecting them. The laws relate to the seventh commandment, laying a restraint upon fleshly lusts which war against the soul.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.