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■ 신명기 16장
1. 아빕월을 지켜 네 하나님 여호와의 유월절 예식을 행하라 이는 아빕월에 네 하나님 여호와께서 밤에 너를 애굽에서 인도하여 내셨음이라
Observe the month of Abib , and keep the passover unto the Lord thy God : for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee forth out of Egypt by night .
2. 여호와께서 그 이름을 두시려고 택하신 곳에서 우양으로 네 하나님 여호와께 유월절 제사를 드리되
Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the Lord thy God , of the flock and the herd , in the place which the Lord shall choose to place his name there.
3. 유교병을 그것과 아울러 먹지 말고 칠 일 동안은 무교병 곧 고난의 떡을 그것과 아울러 먹으라 이는 네가 애굽 땅에서 급속히 나왔음이니 이같이 행하여 너의 평생에 항상 네가 애굽 땅에서 나온 날을 기억할 것이니라
Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction ; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste : that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life .
4. 그 칠 일 동안에는 네 사경 내에 누룩이 보이지 않게 할 것이요 또 네가 첫날 해 질 때에 제사드린 고기를 밤을 지내어 아침까지 두지 말 것이며
And there shall be no leavened bread seen with thee in all thy coast seven days ; neither shall there any thing of the flesh , which thou sacrificedst the first day at even , remain all night until the morning .
5. 유월절 제사를 네 하나님 여호와께서 네게 주신 각 성에서 드리지 말고
Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates , which the Lord thy God giveth thee:
6. 오직 네 하나님 여호와께서 그 이름을 두시려고 택하신 곳에서 네가 애굽에서 나오던 시각 곧 초저녁 해 질 때에 드리고
But at the place which the Lord thy God shall choose to place his name in, there thou shalt sacrifice the passover at even , at the going down of the sun , at the season that thou camest forth out of Egypt .
7. 네 하나님 여호와께서 택하신 곳에서 그 고기를 구워먹고 아침에 네 장막으로 돌아갈 것이니라
And thou shalt roast and eat it in the place which the Lord thy God shall choose : and thou shalt turn in the morning , and go unto thy tents .
8. 너는 육 일 동안은 무교병을 먹고 제칠일에 네 하나님 여호와 앞에 성회로 모이고 아무 노동도 하지 말지니라
Six days thou shalt eat unleavened bread : and on the seventh day shall be a solemn assembly to the Lord thy God : thou shalt do no work therein.
9. 칠 주를 계속할지니 곡식에 낫을 대는 첫날부터 칠 주를 계수하여
Seven weeks shalt thou number unto thee: begin to number the seven weeks from such time as thou beginnest to put the sickle to the corn .
10. 네 하나님 여호와 앞에 칠칠절을 지키되 네 하나님 여호와께서 네게 복을 주신 대로 네 힘을 헤아려 자원하는 예물을 드리고
And thou shalt keep the feast of weeks unto the Lord thy God with a tribute of a freewill offering of thine hand , which thou shalt give unto the Lord thy God, according as the Lord thy God hath blessed thee:
11. 너와 네 자녀와 노비와 네 성중에 거하는 레위인과 및 너희 중에 있는 객과 고아와 과부가 함께 네 하나님 여호와께서 그 이름을 두시려고 택하신 곳에서 네 하나님 여호와 앞에서 즐거워할지니라
And thou shalt rejoice before the Lord thy God , thou, and thy son , and thy daughter , and thy manservant , and thy maidservant , and the Levite that is within thy gates , and the stranger , and the fatherless , and the widow , that are among you, in the place which the Lord thy God hath chosen to place his name there.
12. 너는 애굽에서 종 되었던 것을 기억하고 이 규례를 지켜 행할지니라
And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt : and thou shalt observe and do these statutes .
13. 너희 타작 마당과 포도주 틀의 소출을 수장한 후에 칠 일 동안 초막절을 지킬 것이요
Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days , after that thou hast gathered in thy corn and thy wine :
14. 절기를 지킬 때에는 너와 네 자녀와 노비와 네 성중에 거하는 레위인과 객과 고아와 과부가 함께 연락하되
And thou shalt rejoice in thy feast , thou, and thy son , and thy daughter , and thy manservant , and thy maidservant , and the Levite , the stranger , and the fatherless , and the widow , that are within thy gates .
15. 네 하나님 여호와께서 택하신 곳에서 너는 칠 일 동안 네 하나님 여호와 앞에서 절기를 지키고 네 하나님 여호와께서 네 모든 물산과 네 손을 댄 모든 일에 복 주실 것을 인하여 너는 온전히 즐거워할지니라
Seven days shalt thou keep a solemn feast unto the Lord thy God in the place which the Lord shall choose : because the Lord thy God shall bless thee in all thine increase , and in all the works of thine hands , therefore thou shalt surely rejoice .
16. 너의 중 모든 남자는 일 년 삼차 곧 무교절과 칠칠절과 초막절에 네 하나님 여호와의 택하신 곳에서 여호와께 보이되 공수로 여호와께 보이지 말고
Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God in the place which he shall choose ; in the feast of unleavened bread , and in the feast of weeks , and in the feast of tabernacles : and they shall not appear before the Lord empty :
17. 각 사람이 네 하나님 여호와의 주신 복을 따라 그 힘대로 물건을 드릴지니라
Every man shall give as he is able , according to the blessing of the Lord thy God which he hath given thee.
18. 네 하나님 여호와께서 네게 주시는 각 성에서 네 지파를 따라 재판장과 유사를 둘 것이요 그들은 공의로 백성을 재판할 것이니라
Judges and officers shalt thou make thee in all thy gates , which the Lord thy God giveth thee, throughout thy tribes : and they shall judge the people with just judgment .
19. 너는 굽게 판단하지 말며 사람을 외모로 보지 말며 또 뇌물을 받지 말라 뇌물은 지혜자의 눈을 어둡게 하고 의인의 말을 굽게 하느니라
Thou shalt not wrest judgment ; thou shalt not respect persons , neither take a gift : for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise , and pervert the words of the righteous .
20. 너는 마땅히 공의만 좇으라 그리하면 네가 살겠고 네 하나님 여호와께서 네게 주시는 땅을 얻으리라
That which is altogether just shalt thou follow , that thou mayest live , and inherit the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
21. 네 하나님 여호와를 위하여 쌓은 단 곁에 아무 나무로든지 아세라 상을 세우지 말며
Thou shalt not plant thee a grove of any trees near unto the altar of the Lord thy God , which thou shalt make thee.
22. 자기를 위하여 주상을 세우지 말라 네 하나님 여호와께서 미워하시느니라
Neither shalt thou set thee up any image ; which the Lord thy God hateth .
■ 주석 보기
【신16:1 JFB】신16:1-22. The Feast of the Passover.
1. Observe the month of Abib—or first-fruits. It comprehended the latter part of our March and the beginning of April. Green ears of the barley, which were then full, were offered as first-fruits, on the second day of the passover.
for in the month of Abib the Lord thy God brought thee out of Egypt by night—This statement is apparently at variance with the prohibition (출12:22) as well as with the recorded fact that their departure took place in the morning (출13:3; 민33:3). But it is susceptible of easy reconciliation. Pharaoh's permission, the first step of emancipation, was extorted during the night, the preparations for departure commenced, the rendezvous at Rameses made, and the march entered on in the morning.
【신16:1 CWC】[CONDITIONS OF BLESSING IN THE LAND]
1. Places of Worship, c. 12.
In Canaan, what were the Israelites to destroy and how thoroughly was the work to be done (1-3)? What contrast were they to place between themselves and the heathen in public worship (4-7)? Did this apply to the same extent in the wilderness, and if not, why not (8-14)? What exception was made as to their private and domestic affairs (15, 16)? What were they not at liberty to eat in their own homes (17-19) Against what snare were they to be on their guard (29-32)?
In explanation of the foregoing it should be observed that no mention is made of heathen temples in Canaan at this time, and doubtless none were in existence. The places chosen for worship were the mountain tops, or groves, in order to direct attention toward heaven and secure retirement.
Note that while God promises to choose a place for the worship of Himself in the land, yet He does not divulge it in advance. Was this to prevent the Canaanites from concentrating their opposition there, or to prevent a course of strife among the Israelites themselves?
Notice from v. 12 that while the males only were commanded to appear before God at the annual feasts (i. e. at Jerusalem), yet the women were at liberty to accompany them.
The heathen believed in local deities who expected their dues from all who came to inhabit the country they protected.
This explains the caution in the closing verses of the chapter.
2. False Prophets, c. 13.
How were they to regard the teachings of false prophets (1-3)? How were they to deal with the prophets themselves (5)? Did it make any difference even if the wonders of the prophet had a show of reality? Does God ever permit such wonders to be done by false prophets, and if so, for what purpose? How are God's people to be preserved from such temptations (4)? Compare 사7:19, 20, and 1 요4:1-6. The student will see the bearing of this upon the false teachings of the present day, such as Theosophy, the New Thought, Spiritualism, Christian Science, and anything else, no matter how fair it appears, that is not in accord with the Gospel (see 갈1:8).
In the case of these false teachers should it make any difference if they were friends or relations (6-11)? Suppose a whole city should have been led away into idolatry thus, what then (12-16)? Might this action be taken hastily, or only after investigation?
The Jews appeal to this chapter as justifying their crucifixion of Jesus Christ, but it is replied that "to Him gave all the prophets witness." He had all the characteristics of the true prophet and was the fulfillment of all that had been written in the Scriptures concerning the Coming One. Moreover so far from alienating the people from Jehovah and His worship, He honored Him by observing His worship, and the purpose of His life was to fulfill the law and the prophets and put away the reproach of sin.
3. Dietary Matters, c. 14.
This chapter is taken up chiefly with dietary matters, but before they are touched upon what prohibition is laid in vv. 1, 2, and for what cause? It was an idolatrous practice on certain occasions (왕상18:28; 렘16:6, 41:5), to make cuttings on the face and other parts of the body with the finger nails or sharp instruments. To make a large bare space between the eyebrows was another such custom in honor of the dead. This was referred to in Lev. 19. These usages, were degrading, and inconsistent with the people of God (살전4:13).
Coming to the dietary matters, the student must be referred to what was said in earlier lessons, particularly in Leviticus.
No misunderstanding of verse 21 should be allowed as though what was not good enough in the physical sense for the Jew might do for the Gentile. The explanation has been shown previously, that it was for ceremonial and spiritual reasons.
4. The Sabbatic Year, c. 15.
The subject of this chapter has been dealt with in Exodus and Leviticus (see the marginal references in your Bible), but there are a few features calling for particular notice.
(1) The first matter is release from debt in the Sabbatic year (1-11). At this time what is every creditor obliged to do, and why (2)? It is not necessary to suppose that this was an absolute discharge of the debt, but a suspension of payment for the period named; and this, because in that period there was a suspension of agricultural labor which might have made it a hardship to pay a debt. We have seen that the underlying idea of the Sabbatic year was to impress all with the fact that they held their property from God, and that supreme gratitude was due to Him.
From whom might such civil rights and privileges be withheld (3)? What further qualifying thought is in v. 4? This seems to mean that in the case of well-to-do Israelites debts might be collected even in the Sabbatic year. But some think the words should be: "In order that there may be no poor among you," which would preclude any exception.
What promise does God renew unto Israel (6)? Remember that this is to be literally fulfilled unto Israel in that day when, obedient and penitent, they shall return unto God and Jesus as their Messiah.
Read carefully vv. 7-11, and observe the detail with which God as the theocratic King of His people would watch over their welfare. The foregoing law of release might prevent some covetous Hebrew from lending to the poor, hence the warning and the promise.
(2) The second matter is release from slavery. For the former treatment see Lev. 25. What provision is made for enabling such an one to regain his original status in society (13-14)? For the ceremony of the awl-boring see the chapter before mentioned. The meaning of verse 18 seems to be that such a servant is entitled to double wages because his service was more advantageous on the ground that he was serving "without wages and for a length of time, while hired servants were commonly engaged only by the year."
5. The Feasts, c. 16.
There is nothing in this chapter calling for particular attention. Students will find the feasts treated of in Exodus and Leviticus where they are first brought before us. See the marginal references in your Bibles for these places.
【신16:1 MHCC】The laws for the three yearly feasts are here repeated; that of the Passover, that of the Pentecost, that of Tabernacles; and the general law concerning the people's attendance. Never should a believer forget his low estate of guilt and misery, his deliverance, and the price it cost the Redeemer; that gratitude and joy in the Lord may be mingled with sorrow for sin, and patience under the tribulations in his way to the kingdom of heaven. They must rejoice in their receivings from God, and in their returns of service and sacrifice to him; our duty must be our delight, as well as our enjoyment. If those who were under the law must rejoice before God, much more we that are under the grace of the gospel; which makes it our duty to rejoice evermore, to rejoice in the Lord always. When we rejoice in God ourselves, we should do what we can to assist others also to rejoice in him, by comforting the mourners, and supplying those who are in want. All who make God their joy, may rejoice in hope, for He is faithful that has promised.
【신16:2 JFB】2. Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover—not the paschal lamb, which was strictly and properly the passover. The whole solemnity is here meant, as is evident from the mention of the additional victims that required to be offered on the subsequent days of the feast (민28:18, 19; 대하35:8, 9), and from the allusion to the continued use of unleavened bread for seven days, whereas the passover itself was to be eaten at once. The words before us are equivalent to "thou shalt observe the feast of the passover."
【신16:3 JFB】3. seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread—a sour, unpleasant, unwholesome kind of bread, designed to be a memorial of their Egyptian misery and of the haste with which they departed, not allowing time for their morning dough to ferment.
【신16:5 JFB】5, 6. Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover within any of thy gates—The passover was to be observed nowhere but in the court of the tabernacle or temple, as it was not a religious feast or sacramental occasion merely, but an actual sacrifice (출12:27; 23:18; 34:25). The blood had to be sprinkled on the altar and in the place where the true Passover was afterwards to be sacrificed for us "at even, at the going down of the sun"—literally, "between the evenings."
【신16:6 JFB】6. at the season—that is, the month and day, though not perhaps the precise hour. The immense number of victims that had to be immolated on the eve of the passover—that is, within a space of four hours—has appeared to some writers a great difficulty. But the large number of officiating priests, their dexterity and skill in the preparation of the sacrifices, the wide range of the court, the extraordinary dimensions of the altar of burnt offering and orderly method of conducting the solemn ceremonial, rendered it easy to do that in a few hours, which would otherwise have required as many days.
【신16:7 JFB】7. thou shalt roast and eat it—(See on 출12:8; compare 대하35:13).
thou shalt turn in the morning, and go unto thy tents—The sense of this passage, on the first glance of the words, seems to point to the morning after the first day—the passover eve. Perhaps, however, the divinely appointed duration of this feast, the solemn character and important object, the journey of the people from the distant parts of the land to be present, and the recorded examples of their continuing all the time (대하30:21 35:17), (though these may be considered extraordinary, and therefore exceptional occasions), may warrant the conclusion that the leave given to the people to return home was to be on the morning after the completion of the seven days.
【신16:9 JFB】9-12. Seven weeks shalt thou number—The feast of weeks, or a WEEK OF WEEKS: the feast of pentecost (see on 레23:10; also see 출34:22; 행2:1). As on the second day of the passover a sheaf of new barley, reaped on purpose, was offered, so on the second day of pentecost a sheaf of new wheat was presented as first-fruits (출23:16; 민28:26), a freewill, spontaneous tribute of gratitude to God for His temporal bounties. This feast was instituted in memory of the giving of the law, that spiritual food by which man's soul is nourished (신8:3).
【신16:13 JFB】13-17. Thou shalt observe the feast of tabernacles seven days—(See on 출23:14; 레23:34; 민29:12). Various conjectures have been formed to account for the appointment of this feast at the conclusion of the whole harvest. Some imagine that it was designed to remind the Israelites of the time when they had no cornfields to reap but were daily supplied with manna; others think that it suited the convenience of the people better than any other period of the year for dwelling in booths; others that it was the time of Moses' second descent from the mount; while a fourth class are of opinion that this feast was fixed to the time of the year when the Word was made flesh and dwelt—literally, "tabernacled"—among us (요1:14), Christ being actually born at that season.
【신16:15 JFB】15. in all the works of thine hands … rejoice—that is, praising God with a warm and elevated heart. According to Jewish tradition, no marriages were allowed to be celebrated during these great festivals, that no personal or private rejoicings might be mingled with the demonstrations of public and national gladness.
【신16:16 JFB】16. Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God—No command was laid on women to undertake the journeys, partly from regard to the natural weakness of their sex, and partly to their domestic cares.
【신16:18 JFB】18-20. Judges and officers shalt thou make—These last meant heralds or bailiffs, employed in executing the sentence of their superiors.
in all thy gates—The gate was the place of public resort among the Israelites and other Eastern people, where business was transacted and causes decided. The Ottoman Porte derived its name from the administration of justice at its gates.
【신16:18 MHCC】Care is taken for the due administration of justice. All personal regards must be laid aside, so that right is done to all, and wrong to none. Care is taken to prevent following the idolatrous customs of the heathen. Nothing belies God more, or tends more to corrupt the minds of men, than representing and worshipping, by an image, that God, who is an almighty and eternal Spirit, present every where. Alas! even in gospel days, and under a better dispensation, established upon better promises, there is a tendency to set up idols, under one form or another, in the human heart.
【신16:21 JFB】21. Thou shalt not plant thee a grove—A grove has in Scripture a variety of significations—a group of overshadowing trees, or a grove adorned with altars dedicated to a particular deity, or a wooden image in a grove (유6:25; 왕하23:4-6). They might be placed near the earthen and temporary altars erected in the wilderness, but they could not exist either at the tabernacle or temples. They were places, which, with their usual accompaniments, presented strong allurements to idolatry; and therefore the Israelites were prohibited from planting them.
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