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■ 신명기 14장
1. 너희는 너희 하나님 여호와의 자녀니 죽은 자를 위하여 자기 몸을 베지 말며 눈썹 사이 이마 위의 털을 밀지 말라
Ye are the children of the Lord your God : ye shall not cut yourselves, nor make any baldness between your eyes for the dead .
2. 너는 너의 하나님 여호와의 성민이라 여호와께서 지상 만민 중에서 너를 택하여 자기의 기업의 백성을 삼으셨느니라
For thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God , and the Lord hath chosen thee to be a peculiar people unto himself, above all the nations that are upon the earth .
3. 너는 가증한 물건은 무엇이든지 먹지 말라
Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing .
4. 너희의 먹을 만한 짐승은 이러하니 곧 소와 양과 염소와
These are the beasts which ye shall eat : the ox , the sheep , and the goat ,
5. 사슴과 노루와 불그스럼한 사슴과 산염소와 볼기 흰 노루와 뿔 긴 사슴과 산양들
The hart , and the roebuck , and the fallow deer , and the wild goat , and the pygarg , and the wild ox , and the chamois .
6. 무릇 짐승 중에 굽이 갈라져 쪽발도 되고 새김질도 하는 것은 너희가 먹을 것이니라
And every beast that parteth the hoof , and cleaveth the cleft into two claws , and cheweth the cud among the beasts , that ye shall eat .
7. 다만 새김질을 하거나 굽이 갈라진 짐승 중에도 너희가 먹지 못할 것은 이것이니 곧 약대와 토끼와 사반 그것들은 새김질을 하나 굽이 갈라지지 아니하였으니 너희에게 부정하고
Nevertheless these ye shall not eat of them that chew the cud , or of them that divide the cloven hoof ; as the camel , and the hare , and the coney : for they chew the cud , but divide not the hoof ; therefore they are unclean unto you.
8. 돼지는 굽은 갈라졌으나 새김질을 못하므로 너희에게 부정하니 너희는 이런 것의 고기를 먹지 말 것이며 그 사체도 만지지 말 것이니라
And the swine , because it divideth the hoof , yet cheweth not the cud , it is unclean unto you: ye shall not eat of their flesh , nor touch their dead carcase .
9. 물에 있는 어족 중에 이런 것은 너희가 먹을 것이니 무릇 지느러미와 비늘 있는 것은 너희가 먹을 것이요
These ye shall eat of all that are in the waters : all that have fins and scales shall ye eat :
10. 무릇 지느러미와 비늘이 없는 것은 너희가 먹지 말지니 이는 너희에게 부정하니라
And whatsoever hath not fins and scales ye may not eat ; it is unclean unto you.
11. 무릇 정한 새는 너희가 먹으려니와
Of all clean birds ye shall eat .
12. 이런 것은 너희가 먹지 못할지니 곧 독수리와 솔개와 어응과
But these are they of which ye shall not eat : the eagle , and the ossifrage , and the ospray ,
13. 매와 새매와 매의 종류와
And the glede , and the kite , and the vulture after his kind ,
14. 까마귀 종류와
And every raven after his kind ,
15. 타조와 다호마스와 갈매기와 새매 종류와
And the owl , and the night hawk , and the cuckow , and the hawk after his kind ,
16. 올빼미와 부엉이와 따오기와
The little owl , and the great owl , and the swan ,
17. 당아와 올응과 노자와
And the pelican , and the gier eagle , and the cormorant ,
18. 학과 황새 종류와 대승과 박쥐며
And the stork , and the heron after her kind , and the lapwing , and the bat .
19. 또 무릇 날기도 하고 기어 다니기도 하는 것은 너희에게 부정하니 너희는 먹지 말 것이나
And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean unto you: they shall not be eaten .
20. 무릇 정한 새는 너희가 먹을지니라
But of all clean fowls ye may eat .
21. 너희는 너희 하나님 여호와의 성민이라 무릇 스스로 죽은 것은 먹지 말 것이니 그것을 성중에 우거하는 객에게 주어 먹게 하거나 이방인에게 팔아도 가하니라 너는 염소 새끼를 그 어미의 젖에 삶지 말지니라
Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself : thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates , that he may eat it; or thou mayest sell it unto an alien : for thou art an holy people unto the Lord thy God . Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother’s milk .
22. 너는 마땅히 매년에 토지 소산의 십일조를 드릴 것이며
Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed , that the field bringeth forth year by year .
23. 네 하나님 여호와 앞 곧 여호와께서 그 이름을 두시려고 택하신 곳에서 네 곡식과 포도주와 기름의 십일조를 먹으며 또 네 우양의 처음 난 것을 먹고 네 하나님 여호와 경외하기를 항상 배울 것이니라
And thou shalt eat before the Lord thy God , in the place which he shall choose to place his name there, the tithe of thy corn , of thy wine , and of thine oil , and the firstlings of thy herds and of thy flocks ; that thou mayest learn to fear the Lord thy God always .
24. 그러나 네 하나님 여호와께서 그 이름을 두시려고 택하신 곳이 네게서 너무 멀고 행로가 어려워서 그 풍부히 주신 것을 가지고 갈 수 없거든
And if the way be too long for thee, so that thou art not able to carry it; or if the place be too far from thee, which the Lord thy God shall choose to set his name there, when the Lord thy God hath blessed thee:
25. 그것을 돈으로 바꾸어 그 돈을 싸서 가지고 네 하나님 여호와의 택하신 곳으로 가서
Then shalt thou turn it into money , and bind up the money in thine hand , and shalt go unto the place which the Lord thy God shall choose :
26. 무릇 네 마음에 좋아하는 것을 그 돈으로 사되 우양이나 포도주나 독주 등 무릇 네 마음에 원하는 것을 구하고 거기 네 하나님 여호와의 앞에서 너와 네 권속이 함께 먹고 즐거워할 것이며
And thou shalt bestow that money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth after , for oxen , or for sheep , or for wine , or for strong drink , or for whatsoever thy soul desireth : and thou shalt eat there before the Lord thy God , and thou shalt rejoice , thou, and thine household ,
27. 네 성읍에 거하는 레위인은 너희 중에 분깃이나 기업이 없는 자니 또한 저버리지 말지니라
And the Levite that is within thy gates ; thou shalt not forsake him; for he hath no part nor inheritance with thee.
28. 매 삼년 끝에 그 해 소산의 십분 일을 다 내어 네 성읍에 저축하여
At the end of three years thou shalt bring forth all the tithe of thine increase the same year , and shalt lay it up within thy gates :
29. 너희 중에 분깃이나 기업이 없는 레위인과 네 성중에 우거하는 객과 및 고아와 과부들로 와서 먹어 배부르게 하라 그리하면 네 하나님 여호와께서 너의 손으로 하는 범사에 네게 축복을 주시리라
And the Levite , (because he hath no part nor inheritance with thee,) and the stranger , and the fatherless , and the widow , which are within thy gates , shall come , and shall eat and be satisfied ; that the Lord thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hand which thou doest .
■ 주석 보기
【신14:1 JFB】신14:1, 2. God's People Must Not Disfigure Themselves in Mourning.
1. ye shall not cut yourselves … for the dead—It was a common practice of idolaters, both on ceremonious occasions of their worship (왕상18:28), and at funerals (compare 렘16:6; 41:5), to make ghastly incisions on their faces and other parts of their persons with their finger nails or sharp instruments. The making a large bare space between the eyebrows was another heathen custom in honor of the dead (see on 레19:27, 28; 레21:5). Such indecorous and degrading usages, being extravagant and unnatural expressions of hopeless sorrow (살전4:13), were to be carefully avoided by the Israelites, as derogatory to the character, and inconsistent with the position, of those who were the people of God [신14:2].
【신14:1 CWC】[CONDITIONS OF BLESSING IN THE LAND]
1. Places of Worship, c. 12.
In Canaan, what were the Israelites to destroy and how thoroughly was the work to be done (1-3)? What contrast were they to place between themselves and the heathen in public worship (4-7)? Did this apply to the same extent in the wilderness, and if not, why not (8-14)? What exception was made as to their private and domestic affairs (15, 16)? What were they not at liberty to eat in their own homes (17-19) Against what snare were they to be on their guard (29-32)?
In explanation of the foregoing it should be observed that no mention is made of heathen temples in Canaan at this time, and doubtless none were in existence. The places chosen for worship were the mountain tops, or groves, in order to direct attention toward heaven and secure retirement.
Note that while God promises to choose a place for the worship of Himself in the land, yet He does not divulge it in advance. Was this to prevent the Canaanites from concentrating their opposition there, or to prevent a course of strife among the Israelites themselves?
Notice from v. 12 that while the males only were commanded to appear before God at the annual feasts (i. e. at Jerusalem), yet the women were at liberty to accompany them.
The heathen believed in local deities who expected their dues from all who came to inhabit the country they protected.
This explains the caution in the closing verses of the chapter.
2. False Prophets, c. 13.
How were they to regard the teachings of false prophets (1-3)? How were they to deal with the prophets themselves (5)? Did it make any difference even if the wonders of the prophet had a show of reality? Does God ever permit such wonders to be done by false prophets, and if so, for what purpose? How are God's people to be preserved from such temptations (4)? Compare 사7:19, 20, and 1 요4:1-6. The student will see the bearing of this upon the false teachings of the present day, such as Theosophy, the New Thought, Spiritualism, Christian Science, and anything else, no matter how fair it appears, that is not in accord with the Gospel (see 갈1:8).
In the case of these false teachers should it make any difference if they were friends or relations (6-11)? Suppose a whole city should have been led away into idolatry thus, what then (12-16)? Might this action be taken hastily, or only after investigation?
The Jews appeal to this chapter as justifying their crucifixion of Jesus Christ, but it is replied that "to Him gave all the prophets witness." He had all the characteristics of the true prophet and was the fulfillment of all that had been written in the Scriptures concerning the Coming One. Moreover so far from alienating the people from Jehovah and His worship, He honored Him by observing His worship, and the purpose of His life was to fulfill the law and the prophets and put away the reproach of sin.
3. Dietary Matters, c. 14.
This chapter is taken up chiefly with dietary matters, but before they are touched upon what prohibition is laid in vv. 1, 2, and for what cause? It was an idolatrous practice on certain occasions (왕상18:28; 렘16:6, 41:5), to make cuttings on the face and other parts of the body with the finger nails or sharp instruments. To make a large bare space between the eyebrows was another such custom in honor of the dead. This was referred to in Lev. 19. These usages, were degrading, and inconsistent with the people of God (살전4:13).
Coming to the dietary matters, the student must be referred to what was said in earlier lessons, particularly in Leviticus.
No misunderstanding of verse 21 should be allowed as though what was not good enough in the physical sense for the Jew might do for the Gentile. The explanation has been shown previously, that it was for ceremonial and spiritual reasons.
4. The Sabbatic Year, c. 15.
The subject of this chapter has been dealt with in Exodus and Leviticus (see the marginal references in your Bible), but there are a few features calling for particular notice.
(1) The first matter is release from debt in the Sabbatic year (1-11). At this time what is every creditor obliged to do, and why (2)? It is not necessary to suppose that this was an absolute discharge of the debt, but a suspension of payment for the period named; and this, because in that period there was a suspension of agricultural labor which might have made it a hardship to pay a debt. We have seen that the underlying idea of the Sabbatic year was to impress all with the fact that they held their property from God, and that supreme gratitude was due to Him.
From whom might such civil rights and privileges be withheld (3)? What further qualifying thought is in v. 4? This seems to mean that in the case of well-to-do Israelites debts might be collected even in the Sabbatic year. But some think the words should be: "In order that there may be no poor among you," which would preclude any exception.
What promise does God renew unto Israel (6)? Remember that this is to be literally fulfilled unto Israel in that day when, obedient and penitent, they shall return unto God and Jesus as their Messiah.
Read carefully vv. 7-11, and observe the detail with which God as the theocratic King of His people would watch over their welfare. The foregoing law of release might prevent some covetous Hebrew from lending to the poor, hence the warning and the promise.
(2) The second matter is release from slavery. For the former treatment see Lev. 25. What provision is made for enabling such an one to regain his original status in society (13-14)? For the ceremony of the awl-boring see the chapter before mentioned. The meaning of verse 18 seems to be that such a servant is entitled to double wages because his service was more advantageous on the ground that he was serving "without wages and for a length of time, while hired servants were commonly engaged only by the year."
5. The Feasts, c. 16.
There is nothing in this chapter calling for particular attention. Students will find the feasts treated of in Exodus and Leviticus where they are first brought before us. See the marginal references in your Bibles for these places.
【신14:1 MHCC】Moses tells the people of Israel how God had given them three distinguishing privileges, which were their honour, and figures of those spiritual blessings in heavenly things, with which God has in Christ blessed us. Here is election; “The Lord hath chosen thee.” He did not choose them because they were by their own acts a peculiar people to him above other nations, but he chose them that they might be so by his grace; and thus were believers chosen, 엡1:4. Here is adoption; “Ye are the children of the Lord your God;” not because God needed children, but because they were orphans, and needed a father. Every spiritual Israelite is indeed a child of God, a partaker of his nature and favour. Here is sanctification; “Thou art a holy people.” God's people are required to be holy, and if they are holy, they are indebted to the grace God which makes them so. Those whom God chooses to be his children, he will form to be a holy people, and zealous of good works. They must be careful to avoid every thing which might disgrace their profession, in the sight of those who watch for their halting. Our heavenly Father forbids nothing but for our welfare. Do thyself no harm; do not ruin thy health, thy reputation, thy domestic comforts, thy peace of mind. Especially do not murder thy soul. Do not be the vile slave of thy appetites and passions. Do not render all around thee miserable, and thyself wretched; but aim at that which is most excellent and useful. The laws which regarded many sorts of flesh as unclean, were to keep them from mingling with their idolatrous neighbours. It is plain in the gospel, that these laws are now done away. But let us ask our own hearts, Are we of the children of the Lord our God? Are we separate from the ungodly world, in being set apart to God's glory, the purchase of Christ's blood? Are we subjects of the work of the Holy Ghost? Lord, teach us from these precepts how pure and holy all thy people ought to live!
【신14:3 JFB】신14:3-21. What May Be Eaten, and What Not.
3. Thou shalt not eat any abominable thing—that is, anything forbidden as unclean (see on 레11:1).
【신14:4 JFB】신14:4-8. Of Beasts.
【신14:5 JFB】5. The hart—(see on 신12:15).
fallow deer—The Hebrew word (Jachmur) so rendered, does not represent the fallow deer, which is unknown in Western Asia, but an antelope (Oryx leucoryx), called by the Arabs, jazmar. It is of a white color, black at the extremities, and a bright red on the thighs. It was used at Solomon's table.
wild goat—The word akko is different from that commonly used for a wild goat (삼상24:2; 시104:18; 잠5:19), and it is supposed to be a goat-deer, having the body of a stag, but the head, horns, and beard of a goat. An animal of this sort is found in the East, and called Lerwee [Shaw,Travels].
pygarg—a species of antelope (Oryx addax) with white buttocks, wreathed horns two feet in length, and standing about three feet seven inches high at the shoulders. It is common in the tracks which the Israelites had frequented [Shaw].
wild ox—supposed to be the Nubian Oryx, which differs from the Oryx leucoryx (formerly mentioned) by its black color; and it is, moreover, of larger stature and more slender frame, with longer and more curved horns. It is called Bekkar-El-Wash by the Arabs.
chamois—rendered by the Septuagint Cameleopard; but, by others who rightly judge it must have been an animal more familiar to the Hebrews, it is thought to be the Kebsch (Ovis tragelaphus), rather larger than a common sheep, covered not with wool, but with reddish hair—a Syrian sheep-goat.
【신14:11 JFB】신14:11-20. Of Birds.
11-20. Of all clean birds ye shall eat—(See on 레11:21).
【신14:13 JFB】13. glede—thought to be the same as that rendered vulture ( see on 레11:14).
【신14:15 JFB】15. the cuckow—more probably the sea-gull. [See on 레11:16].
【신14:16 JFB】16. the swan—rather, the goose [Michaelis]. [See on 레11:18].
【신14:17 JFB】17. gier eagle—The Hebrew word Rachemah is manifestly identical with Rachamah, the name which the Arabs give to the common vulture of Western Asia and Egypt (Neophron percnopterus). [See on 레11:18].
cormorant—rather, the plungeon; a seafowl. [See on 레11:17].
【신14:18 JFB】18. the lapwing—the upupa or hoop: a beautiful bird, but of the most unclean habits. [See on 레11:19].
【신14:21 JFB】21. Ye shall not eat of any thing that dieth of itself—(See on 레17:15; 레22:8).
thou shalt give it unto the stranger that is in thy gates—not a proselyte, for he, as well as an Israelite, was subject to this law; but a heathen traveller or sojourner.
Thou shalt not seethe a kid in his mother's milk—This is the third place in which the prohibition is repeated [출23:19; 34:26]. It was pointed against an annual pagan ceremony (see on 출23:19; 출34:26).
【신14:22 JFB】[신14:22-29. Law of the Tithe].
22-27. Thou shalt truly tithe all the increase of thy seed—The dedication of a tenth part of the year's produce in everything was then a religious duty. It was to be brought as an offering to the sanctuary; and, where distance prevented its being taken in kind, it was by this statute convertible into money.
【신14:22 MHCC】A second portion from the produce of their land was required. The whole appointment evidently was against the covetousness, distrust, and selfishness of the human heart. It promoted friendliness, liberality, and cheerfulness, and raised a fund for the relief of the poor. They were taught that their worldly portion was most comfortably enjoyed, when shared with their brethren who were in want. If we thus serve God, and do good with what we have, it is promised that the Lord our God will bless us in all the works of our land. The blessing of God is all to our outward prosperity; and without that blessing, the work of our hands will bring nothing to pass. The blessing descends upon the working hand. Expect not that God should bless thee in thy idleness and love of ease. And it descends upon the giving hand. He who thus scatters, certainly increases; and to be free and generous in the support of religion, and any good work, is the surest and safest way of thriving.
【신14:28 JFB】28, 29. At the end of three years … the Levite … shall come, &c.—The Levites having no inheritance like the other tribes, the Israelites were not to forget them, but honestly to tithe their increase [민18:24]. Besides the tenth of all the land produce, they had forty-eight cities, with the surrounding grounds [민35:7], "the best of the land," and a certain proportion of the sacrifices as their allotted perquisites. They had, therefore, if not an affluent, yet a comfortable and independent, fund for their support.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.