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■ 스가랴 4장
1. 내게 말하던 천사가 다시 와서 나를 깨우니 마치 자는 사람이 깨우임 같더라
And the angel that talked with me came again , and waked me, as a man that is wakened out of his sleep ,
2. 그가 내게 묻되 네가 무엇을 보느냐 내가 대답하되 내가 보니 순금 등대가 있는데 그 꼭대기에 주발 같은 것이 있고 또 그 등대에 일곱 등잔이 있으며 그 등대 꼭대기 등잔에는 일곱 관이 있고
And said unto me, What seest thou? And I said , I have looked , and behold a candlestick all of gold , with a bowl upon the top of it, and his seven lamps thereon, and seven pipes to the seven lamps , which are upon the top thereof:
3. 그 등대 곁에 두 감람나무가 있는데 하나는 그 주발 우편에 있고 하나는 그 좌편에 있나이다 하고
And two olive trees by it, one upon the right side of the bowl , and the other upon the left side thereof.
4. 내게 말하는 천사에게 물어 가로되 내 주여 이것들이 무엇이니이까
So I answered and spake to the angel that talked with me, saying , What are these, my lord ?
5. 내게 말하는 천사가 대답하여 가로되 네가 이것들이 무엇인지 알지 못하느냐 내가 대답하되 내 주여 내가 알지 못하나이다
Then the angel that talked with me answered and said unto me, Knowest thou not what these be? And I said , No, my lord .
6. 그가 내게 일러 가로되 여호와께서 스룹바벨에게 하신 말씀이 이러하니라 만군의 여호와께서 말씀하시되 이는 힘으로 되지 아니하며 능으로 되지 아니하고 오직 나의 신으로 되느니라
Then he answered and spake unto me, saying , This is the word of the Lord unto Zerubbabel , saying , Not by might , nor by power , but by my spirit , saith the Lord of hosts .
7. 큰 산아 네가 무엇이냐 네가 스룹바벨 앞에서 평지가 되리라 그가 머릿돌을 내어 놓을 때에 무리가 외치기를 은총, 은총이 그에게 있을지어다 하리라 하셨고
Who art thou, O great mountain ? before Zerubbabel thou shalt become a plain : and he shall bring forth the headstone thereof with shoutings , crying, Grace , grace unto it.
8. 여호와의 말씀이 또 내게 임하여 가라사대
Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying ,
9. 스룹바벨의 손이 이 전의 지대를 놓았은즉 그 손이 또한 그것을 마치리라 하셨나니 만군의 여호와께서 나를 너희에게 보내신 줄을 네가 알리라 하셨느니라
The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house ; his hands shall also finish it; and thou shalt know that the Lord of hosts hath sent me unto you.
10. 작은 일의 날이라고 멸시하는 자가 누구냐 이 일곱은 온 세상에 두루 행하는 여호와의 눈이라 다림줄이 스룹바벨의 손에 있음을 보고 기뻐하리라
For who hath despised the day of small things ? for they shall rejoice , and shall see the plummet in the hand of Zerubbabel with those seven ; they are the eyes of the Lord , which run to and fro through the whole earth .
11. 내가 그에게 물어 가로되 등대 좌우의 두 감람나무는 무슨 뜻이니이까 하고
Then answered I, and said unto him, What are these two olive trees upon the right side of the candlestick and upon the left side thereof?
12. 다시 그에게 물어 가로되 금 기름을 흘려내는 두 금관 옆에 있는 이 감람나무 두 가지는 무슨 뜻이니이까
And I answered again , and said unto him, What be these two olive branches which through the two golden pipes empty the golden oil out of themselves?
13. 그가 내게 대답하여 가로되 네가 이것이 무엇인지 알지 못하느냐 대답하되 내 주여 알지 못하나이다
And he answered me and said , Knowest thou not what these be? And I said , No, my lord .
14. 가로되 이는 기름 발리운 자 둘이니 온 세상의 주 앞에 모셔 섰는 자니라 하더라
Then said he, These are the two anointed ones , that stand by the Lord of the whole earth .
■ 주석 보기
【슥4:1 JFB】Z전4:1-14. Fifth Vision.The golden candlestick and the two olive trees. The temple shall be completed by the aid of God's Spirit.
1. waked me—The prophet was lying in a state of ecstatic slumber with astonishment at the previous vision. "Came again, and waked me," does not imply that the angel had departed and now returned, but is an idiom for "waked me again."
【슥4:1 CWC】[THE PROPHET'S OWN TIME]
Zechariah, like Haggai, had a two-fold mission, to strengthen the hands of Israel for the rebuilding of the temple, and to quicken their hope as the earlier prophets had done, by painting in glowing colors the coming time of triumph over every foe.
This mission is set before us in a two-fold division of the book. Chapters 1-8 give us a series of prophetic visions bearing primarily, upon the prophet's own time, while chapters 9-14 deal chiefly with the events culminating at the end of the age and the opening of the millennium.
Part one, after the introduction, chapter 1:7-6:8; might be outlined thus:
1. The prophetic visions, 1-6.
The man among the myrtle trees.
The four horns.
The four smiths.
The measuring line.
The high priest in the temple.
The golden candlestick.
The flying roll.
The woman in the ephah.
The four chariots.
2. The symbolic crowning of the high priest, 6:8-15.
3. The instruction about fasting, 7-8.
The First Four Visions, 1-2.
To understand the first vision is the key to the rest. When was it received by the prophet? Chapter 1:7. Describe what he saw (8). Observe that two persons are referred to, the man upon the red horse, and the angel that talked with Zechariah, sometimes called "interpreting angel." The man on the horse seems afterward identified with "the angel of the Lord," verses 11, 12, one of the Old Testament names for Christ. It is presumable that the other horses had angelic riders also. Who are these described to be (10)? What report gave they of the earth (11)? Prosperity and peace seem to have been characteristic, of all the peoples, while Jerusalem was distressed, the temple unfinished, and the remnant of the Jews there persecuted by enemies. Who now intercedes on behalf of Jerusalem and Judah (12)? Is the answer of Jehovah encouraging or the opposite (13)? What was His answer in detail (14-17)? Was the peace and prosperity of the Gentile nations an evidence of the divine blessing upon them (15)? Jehovah had used them to discipline His people, but what shows their selfish and wicked intent in the premises ("same verse)? What does Jehovah promise shall be accomplished by the little remnant at this time (16)? What of the future (17)? This was fulfilled in the history of God's people at the time, in a measure at least. The temple was built, the cities restored, and Jerusalem and Judah comforted. And yet there is to be grander fulfillment in the days to come.
The two following visions, if we call them two -- the four horns and four smiths (Revised Version), are closely connected with the one just considered. The four horns are the four world-powers (Babylonian, Persian, Greek and Roman) who scatter Israel, but the four smiths are four corresponding powers of some sort, not necessarily nations, which shall overcome them at the last and bring deliverance. We are almost necessarily shut up to the conclusion that this prophecy extends to the latter days by its reference to the whole of the four powers.
The next vision, that of the measuring line, presents no serious difficulty. Its significance explained (chapter 2:4, 5), is the same practically as that of the man among the myrtles. However it may have had an approximate fulfillment in the prophet's own time, verses 10-13 indicate that it looks toward the future, what declaration in those verses seem to prove that?
The High Priest and Satan, 3.
To understand the meaning of the vision now reached, keep in mind that a cause of dejection of the Jews was their consciousness of past sin. They felt that God had forsaken them, and that their present calamities were the result. We see herein, a parallel to the spiritual condition of a true believer in our own day, whom Satan torments with the belief that he cannot be saved on account of his many sins. This is now set before us in symbol, only there is a nation in the case here, and not an individual, for Joshua the high priest represented Israel.
Where is the high priest seen to be (3:1)? It is thought that he was represented as in the holy place ministering at the altar. Who is seen with him, and for what malign purpose? We have here in symbol, Satan's temptation of the saint to doubt God's power to forgive and save. How is this goodness and power shown, in the next verse? On what ground is Jerusalem to be saved, on that of merit or of the divine choice? What does verse 3 teach as to the truth of Satan's insinuation against Israel as represented by the high priest? Does the imagery indicate the holiness or sinfulness of the people. Yet how is divine grace illustrated in the next command of Jehovah (4)? What did the removal of his filthy garments signify? What did the changed raiment signify? Compare 롬3:22. What next was done (5)? By this act the clothing of the high priest was completed and he was fitted for his official service. Who is represented as "standing by" all this time as if interceding for Joshua (and through him for the nation), and to see that these commands were carried out and these benefits conferred? With whom have we identified "the Angel of the Lord"? What charge is now laid upon Joshua, and what privilege is connected with it (7)?
【슥4:1 MHCC】The prophet's spirit was willing to attend, but the flesh was weak. We should beg of God that, whenever he speaks to us, he would awaken us, and we should then stir up ourselves. The church is a golden candlestick, or lamp-bearer, set up for enlightening this dark world, and holding forth the light of Divine revelation. Two olive trees were seen, one on each side the candlestick, from which oil flowed into the bowl without ceasing. God brings to pass his gracious purposes concerning his church, without any art or labour of man; sometimes he makes use of his instruments, yet he needs them not. This represented the abundance of Divine grace, for the enlightening and making holy the ministers and members of the church, and which cannot be procured or prevented by any human power. The vision assures us that the good work of building the temple, should be brought to a happy end. The difficulty is represented as a great mountain. But all difficulties shall vanish, and all the objections be got over. Faith will remove mountains, and make them plains. Christ is our Zerubbabel; mountains of difficulty were in the way of his undertaking, but nothing is too hard for him. What comes from the grace of God, may, in faith, be committed to the grace of God, for he will not forsake the work of his own hands.
【슥4:2 JFB】2. candlestick—symbolizing the Jewish theocracy; and ultimately, the Church of which the Jewish portion is to be the head: the light-bearer (so the original is of "lights," 마5:14, 16; 빌2:15) to the world.
all … gold—all pure in doctrine and practice, precious and indestructible; such is the true ideal of the Church; such she shall be (시45:13).
bowl upon the top—In the candlestick of the tabernacle the plural is used, bowls (출25:31). The Hebrew implies that it was the fountain of supply of oil to the lamps. Christ at the head ("on the top") of the Church is the true fountain, of whose fulness of the Spirit all we receive grace (요1:16).
his seven lamps—united in one stem; so in 출25:32. But in 계1:12 the seven candlesticks are separate. The Gentile churches will not realize their unity till the Jewish Church as the stem unites all the lamps in one candlestick (롬11:16-24). The "seven lamps," in 계4:5, are the "seven Spirits of God."
seven pipes—feeding tubes, seven apiece from the "bowl" to each lamp (see Margin) [Maurer and Calvin]; literally, "seven and seven": forty-nine in all. The greater the number of oil-feeding pipes, the brighter the light of the lamps. The explanation in Z전4:6 is, that man's power by itself can neither retard nor advance God's work, that the real motive-power is God's Spirit. The seven times seven imply the manifold modes by which the Spirit's grace is imparted to the Church in her manifold work of enlightening the world.
【슥4:3 JFB】3. two olive trees—supplying oil to the bowl. The Holy Ghost, who fills with His fulness Messiah (the anointed: the "bowl"), from whom flow supplies of grace to the Church.
by it—literally, "upon it," that is, growing so as somewhat to overtop it. For the explanation of the "two" see Z전4:12, 14.
【슥4:4 JFB】4. The prophet is instructed in the truths meant, that we may read them with the greater reverence and attention [Calvin].
【슥4:5 JFB】5. Knowest thou not, &c.—Not a reproof of his ignorance, but a stimulus to reflection on the mystery.
No, my lord—ingenious confession of ignorance; as a little child he casts himself for instruction at the feet of the Lord.
【슥4:6 JFB】6. Not by might … but by my Spirit—As the lamps burned continually, supplied with oil from a source (the living olive trees) which man did not make, so Zerubbabel need not be disheartened because of his weakness; for as the work is one to be effected by the living Spirit (compare 학2:5) of God, man's weakness is no obstacle, for God's might will perfect strength out of weakness (호1:7; 고후12:10; 히11:34). "Might and power" express human strength of every description, physical, mental, moral. Or, "might" is the strength of many (an "army," literally); "power," that of one man [Pembellus]. God can save, "whether with many, or with them that have no power" (대하14:11; compare 삼상14:6). So in the conversion of sinners (고전3:6; 고후10:4). "Zerubbabel" is addressed as the chief civil authority in directing the work.
【슥4:7 JFB】7. All mountain-like obstacles (사40:4; 49:11) in Zerubbabel's way shall be removed, so that the crowning top-stone shall be put on, and the completion of the work be acknowledged as wholly of "grace." Antitypically, the antichristian last foe of Israel, the obstacle preventing her establishment in Palestine, about to be crushed before Messiah, is probably meant (렘51:25; 단2:34, 44; 마21:44).
bring forth the head-stone—Primarily, bring it forth from the place where it was chiselled and give it to the workmen to put on the top of the building. It was customary for chief magistrates to lay the foundation, and also the crowning top-stone (compare 스3:10). Antitypically, the reference is to the time when the full number of the spiritual Church shall be completed, and also when "all Israel shall be saved" (compare 롬11:26; 히11:40; 12:22, 23; 계7:4-9).
Grace, grace—The repetition expresses, Grace from first to last (사26:3, Margin). Thus the Jews are urged to pray perseveringly and earnestly that the same grace which completed it may always preserve it. "Shoutings" of acclamation accompanied the foundation of the literal temple (스3:11, 13). So shoutings of "Hosanna" greeted the Saviour in entering Jerusalem (마21:9), when about to complete the purchase of salvation by His death: His Body being the second temple, or place of God's inhabitation (요2:20, 21). So when the full number of the saints and of Israel is complete, and God shall say, "It is done," then again shall "a great voice of much people in heaven" attribute all to the "grace" of God, saying, "Alleluia! Salvation, and glory, and honor, and power, unto the Lord our God" (계19:1, 6). 시118:22 regards Him as "the head-stone of the corner," that is, the foundation-stone. Compare the angels acclamations at His birth, Lu 2:14. Here it is the top-stone. Messiah is not only the "Author," but also the Finisher (히12:2). "Grace" is ascribed "unto it," that is, the stone, Messiah. Hence the benediction begins, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ" (고후13:14).
【슥4:8 MHCC】The exact fulfilment of Scripture prophecies is a convincing proof of their Divine original. Though the instruments be weak and unlikely, yet God often chooses such, to bring about great things by them. Let not the dawning light be despised; it will shine more and more to the perfect day. Those who despaired of finishing the work, shall rejoice when they see Zerubbabel giving directions what to do, and taking care that the work be done. It is a comfort to us that the same all-wise, almighty Providence, which governs the earth, is in particular conversant about the church. All that have the plummet in their hands, must look up to the eyes of the Lord, have constant regard to Divine Providence, act in dependence on its guidance and submission to its disposals. Let us fix our faith on Christ, and view Him carrying on his work according to his own glorious plan, and daily bringing his spiritual building nearer to completion. (Zec 4:11-14)
【슥4:9 JFB】9. Zerubbabel … shall … finish it—(스6:15) in the sixth year of Darius' reign.
Lord … sent me unto you—(Z전2:9). The Divine Angel announces that in what He has just spoken, He has been commissioned by God the Father.
【슥4:10 JFB】10. who … despised … small things—He reproves their ungrateful unbelief, which they felt because of the humble beginning, compared with the greatness of the undertaking; and encourages them with the assurance that their progress in the work, though small, was an earnest of great and final success, because Jehovah's eye is upon Zerubbabel and the work, to support Him with His favor. Contrast, "great is the day of Jezreel" (호1:11) with "the day of small things" here.
they shall rejoice … with those seven; they are the eyes of the Lord—rather, "they, even those seven eyes of the Lord (compare Z전3:9), which … shall rejoice and see (that is, rejoicingly see) the plummet (literally, the 'stone of tin') in the hand of Zerubbabel" [Moore]; the plummet in his hand indicating that the work is going forward to its completion. The Hebrew punctuation, however, favors English Version, of which the sense is, They who incredulously "despised" such "small" beginnings of the work as are made now, shall rejoicingly see its going on to completion under Zerubbabel, "with (the aid of) those seven," namely, the "seven eyes upon one stone" (Z전3:9): which are explained, "They are the eyes of the Lord which," &c. [Pembellus]. So differently do men and Jehovah regard the "small" beginnings of God's work (스3:12; 학2:3). Men "despised" the work in its early stage: God rejoicingly regards it, and shall continue to do so.
run to and fro, &c.—Nothing in the whole earth escapes the eye of Jehovah, so that He can ward off all danger from His people, come from what quarter it may, in prosecuting His work (잠15:3; 고전16:9).
【슥4:11 JFB】11, 12. Zechariah three times (Z전4:4, 11, 12) asks as to the two olives before he gets an answer; the question becomes more minute each time. What he at first calls "two olive trees," he afterwards calls "branches," as on closer looking he observes that the "branches" of the trees are the channels through which a continual flow of oil dropped into the bowl of the lamps (Z전4:2), and that this is the purpose for which the two olive trees stand beside the candlestick. Primarily, the "two" refer to Joshua and Zerubbabel. God, says Auberlen, at each of the transition periods of the world's history has sent great men to guide the Church. So the two witnesses shall appear before the destruction of Antichrist. Antitypically, "the two anointed ones" (Z전4:14) are the twofold supports of the Church, the civil power (answering to Zerubbabel) and the ecclesiastical (answering to Joshua, the high priest), which in the restored Jewish polity and temple shall "stand by," that is, minister to "the Lord of the whole earth," as He shall be called in the day that He sets up His throne in Jerusalem (Z전14:9; 단2:44; 계11:15). Compare the description of the offices of the "priests" and the "prince" (사49:23; 겔44:1-46:24). As in 계11:3, 4, the "two witnesses" are identified with the two olive trees and the two candlesticks. Wordsworth explains them to mean the Law and the Gospel: the two Testaments that witness in the Church for the truth of God. But this is at variance with the sense here, which requires Joshua and Zerubbabel to be primarily meant. So Moses (the prophet and lawgiver) and Aaron (the high priest) ministered to the Lord among the covenant-people at the exodus; Ezekiel (the priest) and Daniel (a ruler) in the Babylonian captivity; so it shall be in restored Israel. Some think Elijah will appear again (compare the transfiguration, 마17:3, 11, with 말4:4, 5; 요1:21) with Moses. 계11:6, which mentions the very miracles performed by Elijah and Moses (shutting heaven so as not to rain, and turning water into blood), favors this (compare 출7:19; 왕상17:1; Lu 4:25; 약5:16, 17). The period is the same, "three years and six months"; the scene also is in Israel (계11:8), "where our Lord was crucified." It is supposed that for the first three and a half years of the hebdomad (단9:20-27), God will be worshipped in the temple; in the latter three and a half years, Antichrist will break the covenant (단9:27), and set himself up in the temple to be worshipped as God (살후2:4). The witnesses prophesy the former three and a half years, while corruptions prevail and faith is rare (Lu 18:8); then they are slain and remain dead three and a half years. Probably, besides individual witnesses and literal years, there is a fulfilment in long periods and general witnesses, such as the Church and the Word, the civil and religious powers so far as they have witnessed for God. So "the beast" in Revelation answers to the civil power of the apostasy; "the false prophet" to the spiritual power. Man needs the priest to atone for guilt, and the prophet-king to teach holiness with kingly authority. These two typically united in Melchisedek were divided between two till they meet in Messiah, the Antitype. Z전6:11-13 accords with this. The Holy Spirit in this His twofold power of applying to man the grace of the atonement, and that of sanctification, must in one point of view be meant by the two olive trees which supply the bowl at the top of the candlestick (that is, Messiah at the head of the Church); for it is He who filled Jesus with all the fulness of His unction (요3:34). But this does not exclude the primary application to Joshua and Zerubbabel, "anointed" (Z전4:14) with grace to minister to the Jewish Church: and so applicable to the twofold supports of the Church which are anointed with the Spirit, the prince and the priest, or minister.
【슥4:11 MHCC】Zechariah desires to know what are the two olive trees. Zerubbabel and Joshua, this prince and this priest, were endued with the gifts and graces of God's Spirit. They lived at the same time, and both were instruments in the work and service of God. Christ's offices of King and Priest were shadowed forth by them. From the union of these two offices in his person, both God and man, the fullness of grace is received and imparted. They built the temple, the church of God. So does Christ spiritually. Christ is not only the Messiah, the Anointed One himself, but he is the Good Olive to his church; and from his fulness we receive. And the Holy Spirit is the unction or anointing which we have received. From Christ the Olive Tree, by the Spirit the Olive Branch, all the golden oil of grace flows to believers, which keeps their lamps burning. Let us seek, through the intercession and bounty of the Saviour, supplies from that fulness which has hitherto sufficed for all his saints, according to their trials and employments. Let us wait on him in his ordinances, desiring to be sanctified wholly in body, soul, and spirit.
【슥4:12 JFB】12. through—literally, "by the hand of," that is, by the agency of.
branches—literally, "ears"; so the olive branches are called, because as ears are full of grain, so the olive branches are full of olives.
golden oil—literally, "gold," that is, gold-like liquor.
out of themselves—Ordinances and ministers are channels of grace, not the grace itself. The supply comes not from a dead reservoir of oil, but through living olive trees (시52:8; 롬12:1) fed by God.
【슥4:13 JFB】13. Knowest thou not—God would awaken His people to zeal in learning His truth.
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