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■ 에스라 6장
1. 이에 다리오 왕이 조서를 내려 서적 곳간 곧 바벨론에서 보물을 쌓아 둔 곳에서 조사하게 하였더니
Then Darius the king made a decree , and search was made in the house of the rolls , where the treasures were laid up in Babylon .
2. 메대도 악메다 궁에서 한 두루마리를 얻으니 거기 기록하였으되
And there was found at Achmetha , in the palace that is in the province of the Medes , a roll , and therein was a record thus written :
3. 고레스 왕 원년에 조서를 내려 이르기를 예루살렘 하나님의 전에 대하여 이르노니 이 전 곧 제사드리는 처소를 건축하되 지대를 견고히 쌓고 그 전의 고는 육십 규빗으로, 광도 육십 규빗으로 하고
In the first year of Cyrus the king the same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of God at Jerusalem , Let the house be builded , the place where they offered sacrifices , and let the foundations thereof be strongly laid ; the height thereof threescore cubits , and the breadth thereof threescore cubits ;
4. 큰 돌 세 켜에 새 나무 한 켜를 놓으라 그 경비는 다 왕실에서 내리라
With three rows of great stones , and a row of new timber : and let the expenses be given out of the king’s house :
5. 또 느부갓네살이 예루살렘 전에서 취하여 바벨론으로 옮겼던 하나님의 전 금, 은 기명을 돌려 보내어 예루살렘 전에 가져다가 하나님의 전 안 각기 본처에 둘지니라 하였더라
And also let the golden and silver vessels of the house of God , which Nebuchadnezzar took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem , and brought unto Babylon , be restored , and brought again unto the temple which is at Jerusalem , every one to his place , and place them in the house of God .
6. 이제 강 서편 총독 닷드내와 스달보스내와 너희 동료 강 서편 아바삭 사람들은 그곳을 멀리하여
Now therefore, Tatnai , governor beyond the river , Shethar–boznai , and your companions the Apharsachites , which are beyond the river , be ye far from thence :
7. 하나님의 전 역사를 막지 말고 유다 총독과 장로들로 하나님의 이 전을 본처에 건축하게 하라
Let the work of this house of God alone ; let the governor of the Jews and the elders of the Jews build this house of God in his place .
8. 내가 또 조서를 내려서 하나님의 이 전을 건축함에 대하여 너희가 유다 사람의 장로들에게 행할 것을 알게 하노니 왕의 재산 곧 강 서편 세금 중에서 그 경비를 이 사람들에게 신속히 주어 저희로 지체치 않게 하라
Moreover I make a decree what ye shall do to the elders of these Jews for the building of this house of God : that of the king’s goods , even of the tribute beyond the river , forthwith expenses be given unto these men , that they be not hindered .
9. 또 그 수용물 곧 하늘의 하나님께 드릴 번제의 수송아지와 수양과 어린 양과 또 밀과 소금과 포도주와 기름을 예루살렘 제사장의 소청대로 영락없이 날마다 주어
And that which they have need of , both young bullocks , and rams , and lambs , for the burnt offerings of the God of heaven , wheat , salt , wine , and oil , according to the appointment of the priests which are at Jerusalem , let it be given them day by day without fail :
10. 저희로 하늘의 하나님께 향기로운 제물을 드려 왕과 왕자들의 생명을 위하여 기도하게 하라
That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savours unto the God of heaven , and pray for the life of the king , and of his sons .
11. 내가 또 조서를 내리노니 무론 누구든지 이 명령을 변개하면 그 집에서 들보를 빼어내고 저를 그 위에 매어달게 하고 그 집은 이로 인하여 거름더미가 되게 하라
Also I have made a decree , that whosoever shall alter this word , let timber be pulled down from his house , and being set up , let him be hanged thereon ; and let his house be made a dunghill for this .
12. 만일 열왕이나 백성이 이 조서를 변개하고 손을 들어 예루살렘 하나님의 전을 헐진대 그곳에 이름을 두신 하나님이 저희를 멸하시기를 원하노라 나 다리오가 조서를 내렸노니 신속히 행할지어다 하였더라
And the God that hath caused his name to dwell there destroy all kings and people , that shall put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of God which is at Jerusalem . I Darius have made a decree ; let it be done with speed .
13. 다리오 왕의 조서가 내리매 강 서편 총독 닷드내와 스달보스내와 그 동료들이 신속히 준행한지라
Then Tatnai , governor on this side the river , Shethar–boznai , and their companions , according to that which Darius the king had sent , so they did speedily .
14. 유다 사람의 장로들이 선지자 학개와 잇도의 손자 스가랴의 권면함으로 인하여 전 건축할 일이 형통한지라 이스라엘 하나님의 명령과 바사 왕 고레스와 다리오와 아닥사스다의 조서를 좇아 전을 건축하며 필역하되
And the elders of the Jews builded , and they prospered through the prophesying of Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo . And they builded , and finished it, according to the commandment of the God of Israel , and according to the commandment of Cyrus , and Darius , and Artaxerxes king of Persia .
15. 다리오 왕 육년 아달월 삼일에 전을 필역하니라
And this house was finished on the third day of the month Adar , which was in the sixth year of the reign of Darius the king .
16. 이스라엘 자손과 제사장들과 레위 사람들과 기타 사로잡혔던 자의 자손이 즐거이 하나님의 전 봉헌식을 행하니
And the children of Israel , the priests , and the Levites , and the rest of the children of the captivity , kept the dedication of this house of God with joy ,
17. 하나님의 전 봉헌식을 행할 때에 수소 일백과 수양 이백과 어린 양 사백을 드리고 또 이스라엘 지파의 수를 따라 수염소 열둘로 이스라엘 전체를 위하여 속죄제를 드리고
And offered at the dedication of this house of God an hundred bullocks , two hundred rams , four hundred lambs ; and for a sin offering for all Israel , twelve he goats , according to the number of the tribes of Israel .
18. 제사장을 그 분반대로, 레위 사람을 그 반차대로 세워 예루살렘에서 하나님을 섬기게 하되 모세의 책에 기록된 대로 하게 하니라
And they set the priests in their divisions , and the Levites in their courses , for the service of God , which is at Jerusalem ; as it is written in the book of Moses .
19. 사로잡혔던 자의 자손이 정월 십사일에 유월절을 지키되
And the children of the captivity kept the passover upon the fourteenth day of the first month .
20. 제사장들과 레위 사람들이 일제히 몸을 정결케 하여 다 정결하매 사로잡혔던 자의 모든 자손과 자기 형제 제사장들과 자기를 위하여 유월절 양을 잡으니
For the priests and the Levites were purified together , all of them were pure , and killed the passover for all the children of the captivity , and for their brethren the priests , and for themselves.
21. 사로잡혔다가 돌아온 이스라엘 자손과 무릇 스스로 구별하여 자기 땅 이방 사람의 더러운 것을 버리고 이스라엘 무리에게 속하여 이스라엘 하나님 여호와를 구하는 자가 다 먹고
And the children of Israel , which were come again out of captivity , and all such as had separated themselves unto them from the filthiness of the heathen of the land , to seek the Lord God of Israel , did eat ,
22. 즐거우므로 칠 일 동안 무교절을 지켰으니 이는 여호와께서 저희로 즐겁게 하시고 또 앗수르 왕의 마음을 저희에게로 돌이켜 이스라엘의 하나님이신 하나님의 전 역사하는 손을 힘있게 하도록 하셨음이었느니라
And kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with joy : for the Lord had made them joyful , and turned the heart of the king of Assyria unto them, to strengthen their hands in the work of the house of God , the God of Israel .
■ 주석 보기
【스6:1 JFB】스6:1-12. Darius' Decree for Advancing the Building.
1. Darius the king—This was Darius Hystaspes. Great and interesting light has been thrown on the history of this monarch and the transaction of his reign, by the decipherment of the cuneatic inscriptions on the rocks at Behistun.
in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in Babylon—An idea of the form of this Babylonian register house, as well as the manner of preserving public records within its repositories, can be obtained from the discoveries at Nineveh. Two small chambers were discovered in the palace of Koyunjik, which, from the fragments found in them, Mr. Layard considers "as a house of the rolls." After reminding his readers that the historical records and public documents of the Assyrians were kept on tablets and cylinders of baked clay, many specimens of which have been found, he goes on to say, "The chambers I am describing appear to have been a depository in the palace of Nineveh for such documents. To the height of a foot or more from the floor they were entirely filled with them; some entire, but the greater part broken into many fragments, probably by the falling in of the upper part of the building. They were of different sizes; the largest tablets were flat, and measured about nine inches by six and a half inches; the smaller were slightly convex, and some were not more than an inch long, with but one or two lines of writing. The cuneiform characters on most of them were singularly sharp and well-defined, but so minute in some instances as to be almost illegible without a magnifying glass. These documents appear to be of various kinds. The documents that have thus been discovered in the house of rolls' at Nineveh probably exceed all that have yet been afforded by the monuments of Egypt, and when the innumerable fragments are put together and transcribed, the publication of these records will be of the greatest importance to the history of the ancient world" [Nineveh and Babylon].
【스6:1 CWC】[BACK TO THE HOMELAND]
1. Cyrus' Proclamation, c. 1.
Babylon has had its day, and with its downfall has come that of the Assyrian Empire. The Medes and Persians, with Cyrus at their head, are now in power, and in the providence of God, Daniel, the Jewish prophet and statesman, has influence at his court, as in that of Nebuchadnezzar. By a study of the earlier prophets, especially Jeremiah, he has become aware that the time is nigh for the captivity of Judah to end and his people to return to their land (Dan, 9:1, 2; 렘25:12-14). He knows, also, that two hundred years earlier, Isaiah had, by the Holy Spirit, mentioned Cyrus as the monarch by whose ukase this return would be brought about (Isa. cc. 44, 45).
Doubtless he told these things to Cyrus, who issues this proclamation (v. 1) not from any intelligent desire to please Jehovah, but for political reasons. Nevertheless, thus is fulfilled again 롬8:28. The words of Cyrus, (v. 2) are not merely oriental hyperbole, as we may judge by Jeremiah 27 and Daniel 2. It is anticipating too much to enter on these prophets now, further than to say that the dominion they speak of as divinely entrusted to Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon, was to be transferred to their successors down to the end of this age. Of these successors Cyrus and the Persians were the first.
"Sheshbazzar" (v. 8) is the Persian name for Zerubbabel (3:8; 5-16), who, though born in exile, was recognized as heir to the throne of Judah.
2. Zerubbabel's Company, c. 2.
"Province" (v. 1) refers to Judah, and indicates that it is no longer an independent kingdom, but a dependency of Persia. "Children" is not to be taken in the sense of little ones, but that of descendants or posterity. "Tirshatha" (v. 63) means "Governor."
Verse 64 says: "The whole congregation, together, was forty-two thousand three hundred and threescore." This amount is 12,000 more than the numbers when added together. Reckoning up the smaller numbers we find they amount to 29,818, in this chapter, and to 31,089 in the parallel chapter of Nehemiah. Ezra also mentions 494 persons omitted by Nehemiah, and Nehemiah mentions 1,765 not noticed by Ezra. If, therefore, Ezra's surplus be added to Nehemiah, and Nehemiah's to Ezra, they will both become 31,583. Subtracting this from 42,360, there will be a deficiency of 10,777. These are omitted because they did not belong to Judah and Benjamin or to the priests, but to the other tribes. The servants and singers are reckoned separately (v. 65), so that putting all these items together, the number of all who went with Zerubbabel amounted to 50,000 with 8,000 beasts of burden. [Davidson.]
3. The Altar and the Temple, c. 3.
The seventh month (v. 1) corresponds to our Sept. 15-Oct. 15, and was the time of the Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. 23). Jeshua (v. 2) was the hereditary high priest. "His (or its) bases" (v. 3) means the old foundations of the altar. After the altar which was necessary to be built first in order to sacrifice unto the Lord, the foundations of the temple begin to be laid (vv. 8-11). The sorrow of the older men (v. 12) was caused by the contrast between the prosperous circumstances under which Solomon's temple had been built, and those of the present. This second temple would be inferior in size and costliness, and destitute of the Ark, the Shekinah, the Urim and Thummim, and other features which contributed to the glory of the first temple. Read Haggai in this connection.
4. Adversaries, c. 4.
In verse one "Judah and Benjamin," and "the children of the captivity" are identical. "The adversaries," were the people settled in the land of Israel by the Assyrians after the captivity of the ten tribes. They intermarried with the Israelites who had been left behind, and their offspring went under the general name of Samaritans. Originally they were idolaters, but having received some instruction in the knowledge of the true God they claimed to be worshipping Him, though of course, in an ignorant and superstitious way. (Compare 왕하17:24-41).
The refusal of their co-operation by the Jews was proper, but it brought serious and prolonged trouble to them (vv. 4, 5). (Compare 요4:9).
The nature of this trouble is shown in verse six, where "Ahasuerus" as commonly understood, is another name for the famous Xerxes, king of Persia, although Anstey maintains that he is identical with Darius Hystaspes. The conspirators continued in the next reign also (vv. 7-16). "The great and noble Asnapper" (v. 10) is another name for Esar-Haddon, met with before, who transported these foreigners into the waste cities of Samaria after the captivity of Israel. The result of their efforts is shown in verses 23 and 24. "Darius" is sometimes known as "Darius Hystaspes," and was the second of that name since Cyrus. The work ceased for about fifteen years.
5. Renewal of the Work, cc. 5, 6.
Do not omit to read Zechariah at this point, and observe the effect of his words, heaven-endued, upon the leaders (vv. 1, 2). The men of verse three, like those of chapter four, verses seven and eight, were satraps or viceroys of Persia set over provinces in proximity to Judah, who felt it their duty thus to inquire and protest. Verse four seems a mistranslation, and probably means that they inquired of the Jews instead of the reverse (see v. 10).
The Darius of chapter five acted differently from any of his predecessors. "Achmetha" (v. 2) is better known as "Ecbatana," the summer residence of the early kings of Persia. The work of the temple may proceed (v. 7), the Persian satraps are to assist (vv. 8-10), penalties are to follow interference (vv. 11, 12), and henceforth the turbulent Samaritans had better take care!
The work is ended (v. 15). Dr. Lightfoot says the foundation was laid April, 536 B. C, and the completion accomplished February 21, 515 B. C. The dedicatory feast is held with joy. Note the explanatory reason (v. 22). God receives the glory.
【스6:1 MHCC】When God's time is come for fulfilling his gracious purposes concerning his church, he will raise up instruments to do it, from whom such good service was not expected. While our thoughts are directed to this event, we are led by Zechariah to fix our regard on a nobler, a spiritual building. The Lord Jesus Christ continues to lay one stone upon another: let us assist the great design. Difficulties delay the progress of this sacred edifice. Yet let not opposition discourage us, for in due season it will be completed to his abundant praise. He shall bring forth the head-stone thereof with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it.
【스6:2 JFB】2. Achmetha—long supposed to be the capital of Greater Media (the Ecbatana of classical, the Hamadan of modern times), [is] at the foot of the Elwund range of hills, where, for its coolness and salubrity, Cyrus and his successors on the Persian throne established their summer residence. There was another city, however, of this name, the Ecbatana of Atropatene, and the most ancient capital of northern Media, and recently identified by Colonel Rawlinson in the remarkable ruins of Takht-i-Soleiman. Yet as everything tends to show the attachment of Cyrus to his native city, the Atropatenian Ecbatana, rather than to the stronger capital of Greater Media, Colonel Rawlinson is inclined to think that he deposited there, in his fortress, the famous decree relating to the Jews, along with the other records and treasures of his empire [Nineveh and Persepolis].
【스6:8 JFB】8-10. of the king's goods, even of the tribute beyond the river … expenses be given unto these men—The decree granted them the privilege of drawing from his provincial treasury of Syria, to the amount of whatever they required for the furthering of the work and providing sacrifice for the service of the temple, that the priests might daily pray for the health of the king and the prosperity of the empire.
【스6:11 JFB】11, 12. whosoever shall alter this word—The warning was specially directed against the turbulent and fanatical Samaritans. The extremely favorable purport of this edict was no doubt owing in some measure to the influence of Cyrus, of whom Darius entertained a high admiration, and whose two daughters he had married. But it proceeded still more from the deep impressions made even on the idolatrous people of that country and that age, as to the being and providence of the God of Israel.
【스6:13 JFB】스6:13-15. The Temple Finished.
13-15. Then Tatnai … did speedily—A concurrence of favorable events is mentioned as accelerating the restoration of the temple and infusing a new spirit and energy into the workmen, who now labored with unabating assiduity till it was brought to a completion. Its foundation was laid in April, 536 B.C. (스3:8-10), and it was completed on February 21, 515 B.C., being twenty-one years after it was begun [Lightfoot].
【스6:13 MHCC】The gospel church, that spiritual temple, is long in the building, but it will be finished at last, when the mystical body is completed. Every believer is a living temple, building up himself in his most holy faith: much opposition is given to this work by Satan and our own corruptions. We trifle, and proceed in it with many stops and pauses; but He that has begun the good work, will see it performed. Then spirits of just men will be made perfect. By getting their sins taken away, the Jews would free themselves from the sting of their late troubles. Their service was with joy. Let us welcome holy ordinances with joy, and serve the Lord with gladness.
【스6:16 JFB】스6:16-18. Feasts of the Dedication.
16. the children of Israel … kept the dedication … with joy—The ceremonial was gone through with demonstrations of the liveliest joy. The aged who had wept at the laying of the foundation [스3:12] were most, if not all of them, now dead; and all rejoiced at the completion of this national undertaking.
【스6:17 JFB】17. twelve he-goats—as at the dedication of the tabernacle (민7:87; 8:17).
【스6:18 JFB】18. they set the priests in their divisions, and the Levites in their courses … as it is written in the book of Moses—Although David arranged the priests and Levites in courses according to their families, it was Moses who assigned to the priests and Levites their rights and privileges, their stations and several duties.
【스6:19 JFB】스6:19-22. And of the Passover.
【스6:21 JFB】21. all such as had separated themselves … from the filthiness of the heathen of the land—that is, who had given satisfactory evidence of being true proselytes by not only renouncing the impure worship of idolatry, but by undergoing the rite of circumcision, a condition indispensable to a participation of the passover.
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