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■ 에스라 3장
1. 이스라엘 자손이 그 본성에 거하였더니 칠월에 이르러 일제히 예루살렘에 모인지라
And when the seventh month was come , and the children of Israel were in the cities , the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem .
2. 요사닥의 아들 예수아와 그 형제 제사장들과 스알디엘의 아들 스룹바벨과 그 형제들이 다 일어나 이스라엘 하나님의 단을 만들고 하나님의 사람 모세의 율법에 기록한 대로 번제를 그 위에 드리려 할새
Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak , and his brethren the priests , and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel , and his brethren , and builded the altar of the God of Israel , to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God .
3. 무리가 열국 백성을 두려워하여 단을 그 터에 세우고 그 위에 조석으로 여호와께 번제를 드리며
And they set the altar upon his bases ; for fear was upon them because of the people of those countries : and they offered burnt offerings thereon unto the Lord , even burnt offerings morning and evening .
4. 기록된 규례대로 초막절을 지켜 번제를 매일 정수대로 날마다 드리고
They kept also the feast of tabernacles , as it is written , and offered the daily burnt offerings by number , according to the custom , as the duty of every day required ;
5. 그 후에는 항상 드리는 번제와 초하루와 여호와의 모든 거룩한 절기의 번제와 사람이 여호와께 즐거이 드리는 예물을 드리되
And afterward offered the continual burnt offering , both of the new moons , and of all the set feasts of the Lord that were consecrated , and of every one that willingly offered a freewill offering unto the Lord .
6. 칠월 초하루부터 비로소 여호와께 번제를 드렸으나 그 때에 여호와의 전 지대는 오히려 놓지 못한지라
From the first day of the seventh month began they to offer burnt offerings unto the Lord . But the foundation of the temple of the Lord was not yet laid .
7. 이에 석수와 목수에게 돈을 주고 또 시돈 사람과 두로 사람에게 먹을 것과 마실 것과 기름을 주고 바사 왕 고레스의 조서대로 백향목을 레바논에서 욥바 해변까지 수운하게 하였더라
They gave money also unto the masons , and to the carpenters ; and meat , and drink , and oil , unto them of Zidon , and to them of Tyre , to bring cedar trees from Lebanon to the sea of Joppa , according to the grant that they had of Cyrus king of Persia .
8. 예루살렘 하나님의 전에 이른지 이년 이월에 스알디엘의 아들 스룹바벨과 요사닥의 아들 예수아와 다른 형제 제사장들과 레위 시람들과 무릇 사로잡혔다가 예루살렘에 돌아온 자들이 역사를 시작하고 이십 세 이상의 레위 사람들을 세워 여호와의 전 역사를 감독하게 하매
Now in the second year of their coming unto the house of God at Jerusalem , in the second month , began Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel , and Jeshua the son of Jozadak , and the remnant of their brethren the priests and the Levites , and all they that were come out of the captivity unto Jerusalem ; and appointed the Levites , from twenty years old and upward , to set forward the work of the house of the Lord .
9. 이에 예수아와 그 아들들과 그 형제들과 갓미엘과 그 아들들과 유다 자손과 헤나닷 자손과 그 형제 레위 사람들이 일제히 일어나 하나님의 전 공장을 감독하니라
Then stood Jeshua with his sons and his brethren , Kadmiel and his sons , the sons of Judah , together , to set forward the workmen in the house of God : the sons of Henadad , with their sons and their brethren the Levites .
10. 건축자가 여호와의 전 지대를 놓을 때에 제사장들은 예복을 입고 나팔을 들고 아삽 자손 레위 사람들은 제금을 들고 서서 이스라엘 왕 다윗의 규례대로 여호와를 찬송하되
And when the builders laid the foundation of the temple of the Lord , they set the priests in their apparel with trumpets , and the Levites the sons of Asaph with cymbals , to praise the Lord , after the ordinance of David king of Israel .
11. 서로 찬송가를 화답하며 여호와께 감사하여 가로되 주는 지선하시므로 그 인자하심이 이스라엘에게 영원하시도다 하니 모든 백성이 여호와의 전 지대가 놓임을 보고 여호와를 찬송하며 큰 소리로 즐거이 부르며
And they sang together by course in praising and giving thanks unto the Lord ; because he is good , for his mercy endureth for ever toward Israel . And all the people shouted with a great shout , when they praised the Lord , because the foundation of the house of the Lord was laid .
12. 제사장들과 레위 사람들과 족장들 중에 여러 노인은 첫 성전을 보았던고로 이제 이 전 지대 놓임을 보고 대성통곡하며 여러 사람은 기뻐하여 즐거이 부르니
But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers , who were ancient men , that had seen the first house , when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes , wept with a loud voice ; and many shouted aloud for joy :
13. 백성의 크게 외치는 소리가 멀리 들리므로 즐거이 부르는 소리와 통곡하는 소리를 백성들이 분변치 못하였느니라
So that the people could not discern the noise of the shout of joy from the noise of the weeping of the people : for the people shouted with a loud shout , and the noise was heard afar off .
■ 주석 보기
【스3:1 JFB】스3:1-13. The Altar Set Up.
1. when the seventh month was come—The departure of the returning exiles from Babylon took place in the spring. For some time after their arrival they were occupied in the necessary work of rearing habitations to themselves amid the ruins of Jerusalem and its neighborhood. This preliminary work being completed, they addressed themselves to rebuild the altar of burnt offering. As the seventh month of the sacred year was at hand—corresponding to the latter end of our September—when the feast of tabernacles (레23:34) fell to be observed, they resolved to celebrate that religious festival, just as if the temple had been fully restored.
【스3:1 CWC】[BACK TO THE HOMELAND]
1. Cyrus' Proclamation, c. 1.
Babylon has had its day, and with its downfall has come that of the Assyrian Empire. The Medes and Persians, with Cyrus at their head, are now in power, and in the providence of God, Daniel, the Jewish prophet and statesman, has influence at his court, as in that of Nebuchadnezzar. By a study of the earlier prophets, especially Jeremiah, he has become aware that the time is nigh for the captivity of Judah to end and his people to return to their land (Dan, 9:1, 2; 렘25:12-14). He knows, also, that two hundred years earlier, Isaiah had, by the Holy Spirit, mentioned Cyrus as the monarch by whose ukase this return would be brought about (Isa. cc. 44, 45).
Doubtless he told these things to Cyrus, who issues this proclamation (v. 1) not from any intelligent desire to please Jehovah, but for political reasons. Nevertheless, thus is fulfilled again 롬8:28. The words of Cyrus, (v. 2) are not merely oriental hyperbole, as we may judge by Jeremiah 27 and Daniel 2. It is anticipating too much to enter on these prophets now, further than to say that the dominion they speak of as divinely entrusted to Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon, was to be transferred to their successors down to the end of this age. Of these successors Cyrus and the Persians were the first.
"Sheshbazzar" (v. 8) is the Persian name for Zerubbabel (3:8; 5-16), who, though born in exile, was recognized as heir to the throne of Judah.
2. Zerubbabel's Company, c. 2.
"Province" (v. 1) refers to Judah, and indicates that it is no longer an independent kingdom, but a dependency of Persia. "Children" is not to be taken in the sense of little ones, but that of descendants or posterity. "Tirshatha" (v. 63) means "Governor."
Verse 64 says: "The whole congregation, together, was forty-two thousand three hundred and threescore." This amount is 12,000 more than the numbers when added together. Reckoning up the smaller numbers we find they amount to 29,818, in this chapter, and to 31,089 in the parallel chapter of Nehemiah. Ezra also mentions 494 persons omitted by Nehemiah, and Nehemiah mentions 1,765 not noticed by Ezra. If, therefore, Ezra's surplus be added to Nehemiah, and Nehemiah's to Ezra, they will both become 31,583. Subtracting this from 42,360, there will be a deficiency of 10,777. These are omitted because they did not belong to Judah and Benjamin or to the priests, but to the other tribes. The servants and singers are reckoned separately (v. 65), so that putting all these items together, the number of all who went with Zerubbabel amounted to 50,000 with 8,000 beasts of burden. [Davidson.]
3. The Altar and the Temple, c. 3.
The seventh month (v. 1) corresponds to our Sept. 15-Oct. 15, and was the time of the Feast of Tabernacles (Lev. 23). Jeshua (v. 2) was the hereditary high priest. "His (or its) bases" (v. 3) means the old foundations of the altar. After the altar which was necessary to be built first in order to sacrifice unto the Lord, the foundations of the temple begin to be laid (vv. 8-11). The sorrow of the older men (v. 12) was caused by the contrast between the prosperous circumstances under which Solomon's temple had been built, and those of the present. This second temple would be inferior in size and costliness, and destitute of the Ark, the Shekinah, the Urim and Thummim, and other features which contributed to the glory of the first temple. Read Haggai in this connection.
4. Adversaries, c. 4.
In verse one "Judah and Benjamin," and "the children of the captivity" are identical. "The adversaries," were the people settled in the land of Israel by the Assyrians after the captivity of the ten tribes. They intermarried with the Israelites who had been left behind, and their offspring went under the general name of Samaritans. Originally they were idolaters, but having received some instruction in the knowledge of the true God they claimed to be worshipping Him, though of course, in an ignorant and superstitious way. (Compare 왕하17:24-41).
The refusal of their co-operation by the Jews was proper, but it brought serious and prolonged trouble to them (vv. 4, 5). (Compare 요4:9).
The nature of this trouble is shown in verse six, where "Ahasuerus" as commonly understood, is another name for the famous Xerxes, king of Persia, although Anstey maintains that he is identical with Darius Hystaspes. The conspirators continued in the next reign also (vv. 7-16). "The great and noble Asnapper" (v. 10) is another name for Esar-Haddon, met with before, who transported these foreigners into the waste cities of Samaria after the captivity of Israel. The result of their efforts is shown in verses 23 and 24. "Darius" is sometimes known as "Darius Hystaspes," and was the second of that name since Cyrus. The work ceased for about fifteen years.
5. Renewal of the Work, cc. 5, 6.
Do not omit to read Zechariah at this point, and observe the effect of his words, heaven-endued, upon the leaders (vv. 1, 2). The men of verse three, like those of chapter four, verses seven and eight, were satraps or viceroys of Persia set over provinces in proximity to Judah, who felt it their duty thus to inquire and protest. Verse four seems a mistranslation, and probably means that they inquired of the Jews instead of the reverse (see v. 10).
The Darius of chapter five acted differently from any of his predecessors. "Achmetha" (v. 2) is better known as "Ecbatana," the summer residence of the early kings of Persia. The work of the temple may proceed (v. 7), the Persian satraps are to assist (vv. 8-10), penalties are to follow interference (vv. 11, 12), and henceforth the turbulent Samaritans had better take care!
The work is ended (v. 15). Dr. Lightfoot says the foundation was laid April, 536 B. C, and the completion accomplished February 21, 515 B. C. The dedicatory feast is held with joy. Note the explanatory reason (v. 22). God receives the glory.
【스3:1 MHCC】From the proceedings of the Jews on their arrival, let us learn to begin with God, and to do what we can in the worship of God, when we cannot do what we would. They could not at once have a temple, but they would not be without an altar. Fear of danger should stir us to our duty. Have we many enemies? Then it is good to have God our Friend, and to keep up communion with him. Our fears should drive us to our knees. The sacrifices for all these solemnities were a heavy expense for so poor a company; yet besides those expressly appointed, many brought free-will offerings to the Lord. And they made preparation for the building of the temple without delay: whatever God calls us to do, we may depend upon his providence to furnish us with the needful means.
【스3:2 JFB】2. Jeshua—the grandson of Seraiah, the high priest, put to death by Nebuchadnezzar at Riblah (왕하25:18-21). His father, Josedech, had been carried captive to Babylon, and died there, some time before this.
Zerubbabel—was, according to the order of nature, son of Pedaiah (대상3:17-19); but having been brought up by Salathiel, he was called his son.
builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon—This was of urgent and immediate necessity, in order, first, to make atonement for their sins; secondly, to obtain the divine blessing on their preparations for the temple, as well as animate their feelings of piety and patriotism for the prosecution of that national work.
【스3:3 JFB】3. they set the altar upon his bases—They reared it upon its old foundation, so that it occupied as nearly as possible the site on which it had formerly stood.
they offered burnt offerings … morning and evening—Deeming it their duty to perform the public rites of religion, they did not wait till the temple should be rebuilt and dedicated; but, at the outset, they resumed the daily service prescribed by the law (출29:38, 39; 레6:9, 11), as well as observed the annual seasons of solemn observance.
【스3:4 JFB】스3:4-7. Offerings Renewed.
4, 6. They kept also the feast of tabernacles … From the first day of the seventh month—They revived at that time the daily oblation, and it was on the fifteenth day of that month the feast of tabernacles was held.
【스3:7 JFB】7. They gave … meat … drink, and oil, unto them of Zidon—They opened negotiations with the Tyrians for workmen, as well as for timber, on the same terms and with the same views as Solomon had done (왕상5:11; 대하2:15, 16).
【스3:8 JFB】스3:8-13. The Foundation of the Temple Laid.
8. appointed the Levites … to set forward the work—that is, to act as overseers of the workmen, and to direct and animate the laborers in the various departments.
【스3:8 MHCC】There was a remarkable mixture of affections upon laying the foundation of the temple. Those that only knew the misery of having no temple at all, praised the Lord with shouts of joy. To them, even this foundation seemed great. We ought to be thankful for the beginnings of mercy, though it be not yet perfect. But those who remembered the glory of the first temple, and considered how far inferior this was likely to be, wept with a loud voice. There was reason for it, and if they bewailed the sin that was the cause of this melancholy change, they did well. Yet it was wrong to cast a damp upon the common joys. They despised the day of small things, and were unthankful for the good they enjoyed. Let not the remembrance of former afflictions drown the sense of present mercies.
【스3:9 JFB】9. Jeshua with his sons—not the high priest, but a Levite (스2:40). To these, as probably distinguished for their mechanical skill and taste, the duty of acting as overseers was particularly committed.
【스3:12 JFB】12. But many of the priests and Levites and chief of the fathers … wept with a loud voice—Those painful emotions were excited by the sad contrast between the prosperous circumstances in which the foundations of the first temple had been laid and the desolate, reduced state of the country and city when the second was begun; between the inferior size and less costliness of the stones used in the foundations of the second (왕상7:9, 10), and the much smaller extent of the foundation itself, including all the appurtenances of the building (학2:3); between the comparative smallness of their present means and the immense resources of David and Solomon. Perhaps, however, the chief cause of grief was that the second temple would be destitute of those things which formed the great and distinguishing glory of the first; namely, the ark, the shekinah, the Urim and Thummim, &c. Not that this second temple was not a very grand and beautiful structure. But no matter how great its material splendor was, it was inferior in this respect to that of Solomon. Yet the glory of the second far outshone that of the first temple in another and more important point of view, namely, the receiving within its walls the incarnate Saviour (학2:9).
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