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■ 여호수아 20장
1. 여호와께서 여호수아에게 일러 가라사대
The Lord also spake unto Joshua , saying ,
2. 이스라엘 자손에게 고하여 이르라 내가 모세로 너희에게 말한 도피성을 택정하여
Speak to the children of Israel , saying , Appoint out for you cities of refuge , whereof I spake unto you by the hand of Moses :
3. 부지중 오살한 자를 그리로 도망하게 하라 이는 너희 중 피의 보수자를 피할 곳이니라
That the slayer that killeth any person unawares and unwittingly may flee thither: and they shall be your refuge from the avenger of blood .
4. 그 성읍들의 하나에 도피하는 자는 그 성읍에 들어가는 문 어귀에 서서 그 성읍 장로들의 귀에 자기의 사고를 고할 것이요 그들은 그를 받아 성읍에 들여 한 곳을 주어 자기들 중에 거하게 하고
And when he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city , and shall declare his cause in the ears of the elders of that city , they shall take him into the city unto them, and give him a place , that he may dwell among them.
5. 피의 보수자가 그 뒤를 따라온다 할지라도 그들은 그 살인자를 그의 손에 내어주지 말지니 이는 본래 미워함이 없이 부지중에 그 이웃을 죽였음이라
And if the avenger of blood pursue after him, then they shall not deliver the slayer up into his hand ; because he smote his neighbour unwittingly , and hated him not beforetime .
6. 그 살인자가 회중의 앞에 서서 재판을 받기까지나 당시 대제사장의 죽기까지 그 성읍에 거하다가 그 후에 그 살인자가 본 성읍 곧 자기가 도망하여 나온 그 성읍의 자기 집으로 돌아갈지니라
And he shall dwell in that city , until he stand before the congregation for judgment , and until the death of the high priest that shall be in those days : then shall the slayer return , and come unto his own city , and unto his own house , unto the city from whence he fled .
7. 무리가 납달리의 산지 갈릴리 게데스와 에브라임 산지의 세겜과 유다 산지의 기럇 아르바 곧 헤브론을 구별하였고
And they appointed Kedesh in Galilee in mount Naphtali , and Shechem in mount Ephraim , and Kirjath–arba , which is Hebron , in the mountain of Judah .
8. 또 여리고 동 요단 저편 르우벤 지파 중에서 평지 광야의 베셀과 갓 지파 중에서 길르앗라못과 므낫세 지파 중에서 바산 골란을 택하였으니
And on the other side Jordan by Jericho eastward , they assigned Bezer in the wilderness upon the plain out of the tribe of Reuben , and Ramoth in Gilead out of the tribe of Gad , and Golan in Bashan out of the tribe of Manasseh .
9. 이는 곧 이스라엘 모든 자손과 그들 중에 우거하는 객을 위하여 선정한 성읍들로서 누구든지 부지중 살인한 자로 그리로 도망하여 피의 보수자의 손에 죽지 않게 하기 위함이며 그는 회중 앞에 설 때까지 거기 있을것이니라
These were the cities appointed for all the children of Israel , and for the stranger that sojourneth among them, that whosoever killeth any person at unawares might flee thither, and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood , until he stood before the congregation .
■ 주석 보기
【수20:1 JFB】수20:1-6. The Lord Commands the Cities of Refuge.
1-3. The Lord spake unto Joshua … Appoint out for you cities of refuge—(See 민35:9-28; 신19:1-13). The command here recorded was given on their going to occupy their allotted settlements. The sanctuaries were not temples or altars, as in other countries, but inhabited cities; and the design was not to screen criminals, but only to afford the homicide protection from the vengeance of the deceased's relatives until it should have been ascertained whether the death had resulted from accident and momentary passion, or from premeditated malice. The institution of the cities of refuge, together with the rules prescribed for the guidance of those who sought an asylum within their walls, was an important provision, tending to secure the ends of justice as well as of mercy.
【수20:1 CWC】[SPECIAL CITIES AND THE ALTAR OF WITNESS]
1. The Cities of Refuge, c. 20.
The decree concerning the cities of refuge was considered in its place. It will be well, however, again to notice that they were not instituted to shield criminals but innocent murderers. Whether innocent or guilty though, the murdered had an asylum until his case could be heard by the authorities (v. 6). If innocent he was permitted to remain in the city, immune from the legal avenger, until the death of the high priest. When this occurred he was free to return to his home town, and the rights of the avenger ceased (v. 6).
Observe the symbolical character of the high priest in this particular. How the man-slayer, desirous of his liberty, must have calculated the probabilities of his death, and wondered whether, after all, it would antedate his own? But what a type it is of the Mediator of the new covenant who by means of death has secured redemption and deliverance for all that believe on Him (히9:15-17).
2. The Cities of the Levites, c. 21.
In the distribution of these there is nothing more remarkable than the allotment of the priests (vv. 9-19), in which all the cities falling to them were located within the territories of Judah and Benjamin. Simeon indeed is named (v. 9), but an earlier chapter showed that this tribe had received part of the territory of Judah which had proven too large for them.
Behold, the providence of God! At a later period there is a revolt among the tribes (1 Kings 12), and they separate themselves on the north to form the kingdom of Israel, while two on the south remain loyal to the Davidic and Messianic line, retaining the temple worship and Aaronic priesthood intact, and these two are Judah and Benjamin!
3. The Altar of Witness, c. 22.
Notice the commendation Joshua is enabled to give the men of war of the two and a half tribes, who for a probable period of seven years, had separated themselves from their families and flocks in fulfillment of their pledge, to assist in the conquest of the land and the settlement of the tribes on the other side of the Jordan (vv. 1-4).
Note the warning and benediction he bestows upon them (vv. 5, 6), and the share of the spoil they carry back, and the purpose of it (v. 8).
But soon a misunderstanding arises. Note its cause (v. 10); the commotion it occasioned among the tribes on the west (vv. 11, 12); the wise counsels that prevailed (vv. 13, 14); the conference held with the supposed offenders (vv. 15-20); the explanation offered (vv. 21-29), and the satisfaction experienced (vv. 30-34).
【수20:1 MHCC】When the Israelites were settled in their promised inheritance, they were reminded to set apart the cities of refuge, whose use and typical meaning have been explained, Nu 35; De 19. God's spiritual Israel have, and shall have in Christ and heaven, not only rest to repose in, but refuge to secure themselves in. These cities were designed to typify the relief which the gospel provides for penitent sinners, and their protection from the curse of the law and the wrath of God, in our Lord Jesus, to whom believers flee for refuge, 히6:18.
【수20:4 JFB】4. he that doth flee unto one of those cities shall stand at the entering of the gate of the city—It was the place of public resort, and on arriving there he related his tale of distress to the elders, who were bound to give him shelter and the means of support, until the local authorities (수20:6), having carefully investigated the case, should have pronounced the decision. If found guilty, the manslayer was surrendered to the blood-avenger; if extenuating circumstances appeared, he was to remain in the city of refuge, where he would be safe from the vindictive feelings of his pursuers; but he forfeited the privilege of immunity the moment he ventured beyond the walls.
【수20:6 JFB】6. until the death of the high priest—His death secured the complete deliverance of the manslayer from his sin, only because he had been anointed with the holy oil (민35:25), the symbol of the Holy Ghost; and thus the death of the earthly high priest became a type of that of the heavenly one (히9:14, 15).
【수20:7 JFB】수20:7-9. The Israelites Appoint by Name the Cities of Refuge.
7-9. they appointed … cities—There were six; three on the west, and three on the east, of Jordan. In the first instance, they were a provision of the criminal law of the Hebrews, necessary in the circumstances of that people (see on 민35:11; 신19:2). At the same time they were designed also typically to point out the sinner's way to Christ (히6:18).
【수20:7 MHCC】These cities, as those also on the other side Jordan, stood so that a man might in half a day reach one of them from any part of the country. God is ever a Refuge at hand. They were all Levites' cities. It was kindness to the poor fugitive, that when he might not go up to the house of the Lord, yet he had the servants of God with him, to instruct him, and pray for him, and to help to make up the want of public ordinances. Some observe a significance in the names of these cities with application to Christ our Refuge. Kedesh signifies holy, and our Refuge is the holy Jesus. Shechem, a shoulder, and the government is upon his shoulder. Hebron, fellowship, and believers are called into the fellowship of Christ Jesus our Lord. Bezer, a fortification, for he is a strong hold to all those that trust in him. Ramoth, high or exalted, for Him hath God exalted with his own right hand. Golan, joy or exultation, for in Him all the saints are justified, and shall glory.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.