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■ 사사기 3장
1. 여호와께서 가나안 전쟁을 알지 못한 이스라엘을 시험하려 하시며
Now these are the nations which the Lord left , to prove Israel by them, even as many of Israel as had not known all the wars of Canaan ;
2. 이스라엘 자손의 세대 중에 아직 전쟁을 알지 못하는 자에게 그것을 가르쳐 알게 하려하사 남겨두신 열국은
Only that the generations of the children of Israel might know , to teach them war , at the least such as before knew nothing thereof;
3. 블레셋 다섯 방백과 가나안 모든 사람과 시돈 사람과 바알 헤르몬 산에서부터 하맛 어구까지 레바논 산에 거하는 히위 사람이라
Namely, five lords of the Philistines , and all the Canaanites , and the Sidonians , and the Hivites that dwelt in mount Lebanon , from mount Baal–hermon unto the entering in of Hamath .
4. 남겨두신 이 열국으로 이스라엘을 시험하사 여호와께서 모세로 그들의 열조에게 명하신 명령들을 청종하나 알고자 하셨더라
And they were to prove Israel by them, to know whether they would hearken unto the commandments of the Lord , which he commanded their fathers by the hand of Moses .
5. 이스라엘 자손은 마침내 가나안 사람과 헷 사람과 아모리 사람과 브리스 사람과 히위 사람과 여브스 사람 사이에 거하여
And the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites , Hittites , and Amorites , and Perizzites , and Hivites , and Jebusites :
6. 그들의 딸들을 취하여 아내를 삼으며 자기 딸들을 그들의 아들에게 주며 또 그들의 신들을 섬겼더라
And they took their daughters to be their wives , and gave their daughters to their sons , and served their gods .
7. 이스라엘 자손이 여호와 목전에 악을 행하여 자기들의 하나님 여호와를 잊어버리고 바알들과 아세라들을 섬긴지라
And the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord , and forgat the Lord their God , and served Baalim and the groves .
8. 여호와께서 이스라엘에게 진노하사 그들을 메소보다미아 왕 구산 리사다임의 손에 파셨으므로 이스라엘 자손이 구산 리사다임을 팔 년을 섬겼더니
Therefore the anger of the Lord was hot against Israel , and he sold them into the hand of Chushan–rishathaim king of Mesopotamia : and the children of Israel served Chushan–rishathaim eight years .
9. 이스라엘 자손이 여호와께 부르짖으매 여호와께서 그들을 위하여 한 구원자를 세워 구원하게 하시니 그는 곧 갈렙의 아우 그나스의 아들 옷니엘이라
And when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord , the Lord raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel , who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz , Caleb’s younger brother .
10. 여호와의 신이 그에게 임하셨으므로 그가 이스라엘 사사가 되어 나가서 싸울 때에 여호와께서 메소보다미아 왕 구산 리사다임을 그 손에 붙이시매 옷니엘의 손이 구산 리사다임을 이기니라
And the Spirit of the Lord came upon him, and he judged Israel , and went out to war : and the Lord delivered Chushan–rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand ; and his hand prevailed against Chushan–rishathaim .
11. 그 땅이 태평한지 사십 년에 그나스의 아들 옷니엘이 죽었더라
And the land had rest forty years . And Othniel the son of Kenaz died .
12. 이스라엘 자손이 또 여호와의 목전에 악을 행하니라 이스라엘 자손이 여호와의 목전에 악을 행하므로 여호와께서 모압 왕 에글론을 강성케하사 그들을 대적하게 하시매
And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord : and the Lord strengthened Eglon the king of Moab against Israel , because they had done evil in the sight of the Lord .
13. 에글론이 암몬과 아말렉 자손들을 모아가지고 와서 이스라엘을 쳐서 종려나무 성읍을 점령한지라
And he gathered unto him the children of Ammon and Amalek , and went and smote Israel , and possessed the city of palm trees .
14. 이에 이스라엘 자손이 모압 왕 에글론을 십팔 년을 섬기니라
So the children of Israel served Eglon the king of Moab eighteen years .
15. 이스라엘 자손이 여호와께 부르짖으매 여호와께서 그들을 위하여 한 구원자를 세우셨으니 그는 곧 베냐민 사람 게라의 아들 왼손잡이 에훗이라 이스라엘 자손이 그를 의탁하여 모압 왕 에글론에게 공물을 바칠 때에
But when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord , the Lord raised them up a deliverer , Ehud the son of Gera , a Benjamite , a man lefthanded : and by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab .
16. 에훗이 장이 한 규빗 되는 좌우에 날선 칼을 만들어 우편 다리 옷 속에 차고
But Ehud made him a dagger which had two edges , of a cubit length ; and he did gird it under his raiment upon his right thigh .
17. 공물을 모압 왕 에글론에게 바쳤는데 에글론은 심히 비둔한 자이었더라
And he brought the present unto Eglon king of Moab : and Eglon was a very fat man .
18. 에훗이 공물 바치기를 마친 후에 공물을 메고 온 자들을 보내고
And when he had made an end to offer the present , he sent away the people that bare the present .
19. 자기는 길갈 근처 돌 뜨는 곳에서부터 돌아와서 가로되 왕이여 내가 은밀한 일을 왕에게 고하려 하나이다 왕이 명하여 종용케 하라 하매 모셔 선 자들이 다 물러간지라
But he himself turned again from the quarries that were by Gilgal , and said , I have a secret errand unto thee, O king : who said , Keep silence . And all that stood by him went out from him.
20. 에훗이 왕의 앞으로 나아가니 왕은 서늘한 다락방에 홀로 앉아 있는 중이라 에훗이 가로되 내가 하나님의 명을 받들어 왕에게 고할 일이 있나이다 하매 왕이 그 좌석에서 일어나니
And Ehud came unto him; and he was sitting in a summer parlour , which he had for himself alone. And Ehud said , I have a message from God unto thee. And he arose out of his seat .
21. 에훗이 왼손으로 우편 다리에서 칼을 빼어 왕의 몸을 찌르매
And Ehud put forth his left hand , and took the dagger from his right thigh , and thrust it into his belly :
22. 칼자루도 날을 따라 들어가서 그 끝이 등뒤까지 나갔고 그가 칼을 그 몸에서 빼어내지 아니하였으므로 기름이 칼날에 엉기었더라
And the haft also went in after the blade ; and the fat closed upon the blade , so that he could not draw the dagger out of his belly ; and the dirt came out .
23. 에훗이 현관에 나와서 다락문들을 닫아 잠그니라
Then Ehud went forth through the porch , and shut the doors of the parlour upon him, and locked them.
24. 에훗이 나간 후에 왕의 신하들이 와서 다락문이 잠겼음을 보고 가로되 왕이 필연 다락방에서 발을 가리우신다 하고
When he was gone out , his servants came ; and when they saw that, behold, the doors of the parlour were locked , they said , Surely he covereth his feet in his summer chamber .
25. 그들이 오래 기다려도 왕이 다락문을 열지 아니하는지라 열쇠를 취하여 열고 본즉 자기 주가 이미 죽어 땅에 엎드러졌더라
And they tarried till they were ashamed : and, behold, he opened not the doors of the parlour ; therefore they took a key , and opened them: and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth .
26. 그들의 기다리는 동안에 에훗이 피하여 돌 뜨는 곳을 지나 스이라로 도망하니라
And Ehud escaped while they tarried , and passed beyond the quarries , and escaped unto Seirath .
27. 그가 이르러서는 에브라임 산지에서 나팔을 불매 이스라엘 자손이 산지에서 그를 따라 내려오니 에훗이 앞서 가며
And it came to pass, when he was come , that he blew a trumpet in the mountain of Ephraim , and the children of Israel went down with him from the mount , and he before them.
28. 무리에게 이르되 나를 따르라 여호와께서 너희 대적 모압 사람을 너희의 손에 붙이셨느니라 하매 무리가 에훗을 따라 내려가서 모압 맞은편 요단강 나루를 잡아 지켜 한 사람도 건너지 못하게 하였고
And he said unto them, Follow after me: for the Lord hath delivered your enemies the Moabites into your hand . And they went down after him, and took the fords of Jordan toward Moab , and suffered not a man to pass over .
29. 그 때에 모압 사람 일만 명 가량을 죽였으니 다 역사요 용사라 한 사람도 피하지 못하였더라
And they slew of Moab at that time about ten thousand men , all lusty , and all men of valour ; and there escaped not a man .
30. 그 날에 모압 사람이 이스라엘의 수하에 항복하매 그 땅이 팔십 년 동안 태평하였더라
So Moab was subdued that day under the hand of Israel . And the land had rest fourscore years .
31. 에훗의 후에 아낫의 아들 삼갈이 사사로 있어 소 모는 막대기로 블레셋 사람 육백 명을 죽였고 그도 이스라엘을 구원하였더라
And after him was Shamgar the son of Anath , which slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad : and he also delivered Israel .
■ 주석 보기
【삿3:1 JFB】유3:1-4. Nations Left to Prove Israel.
1. these are the nations which the Lord left, to prove Israel—This was the special design of these nations being left, and it evinces the direct influence of the theocracy under which the Israelites were placed. These nations were left for a double purpose: in the first instance, to be instrumental, by their inroads, in promoting the moral and spiritual discipline of the Israelites; and also to subserve the design of making them acquainted with war, in order that the young, more especially, who were total strangers to it, might learn the use of weapons and the art of wielding them.
【삿3:1 CWC】[JOSHUA TO SHAMGAR]
1. Judah's Incomplete Victory, c. 1:1-20.
After the death of Joshua the question of which tribe should lead in the subsequent campaign was answered by the Lord in the choice of Judah (vv. 1, 2), which was in accordance with the divine prophecy through Jacob (창49:8). Doubtless the inquiry was made by Urim and Thummim on the breastplate of the high priest, to which reference was made in Exodus.
Judah invites the co-operation of Simeon because the territory of the latter was contiguous and intermixed with Judah (v. 3).
These tribes are guilty of barbarity in the case of Adonibezek (vv. 5-7), but it is not to be supposed that God commended this action. It was, however, in accordance with the warfare in that day, and even the heathen king admitted the justification of the act in his case.
The defeat in verse 19 is explained not by the lack of power in the case of Judah, but by unbelief.
2. Similar Experiences of the Other Tribes, vv. 21-36.
Judah's example of unbelief is followed by all the tribes named in the conclusion of this chapter, Benjamin, Ephraim (the house of Joseph), Manasseh, Zebulon, Asher and Naphtali. Note particularly verse 21 in comparison with verse 8. The border of the two tribes, Judah and Benjamin, seems to have run through Jerusalem, and while the first named expelled the heathen from their part of the city, the latter were unable to do so and, this city did not fully come into possession of Israel until David's time.
3. Divine Warning, c. 2:1-5.
The Revised Version indicates by the definite article before "angel," in verse 1, that He who came from Gilgal to Bochim to warn Israel was the Angel of the Covenant, who appeared in human form as the Captain of the Lord's host to Joshua. In other words, the Second Person of the Trinity. It was a serious indictment He laid against them and an awful penalty He announced (vv. 1-3). No wonder the people wept, but would to God their sorrow had been to better purpose. The result shows how temporary it was and how little confidence may be put in tears for sin, which do not mean amendment of life.
4. The Summary of the Book, vv. 6-23.
We called attention to these verses in the preceding lesson as giving an outline of the whole story of Judges. Verse 6-10 are copied from Joshua 24, and inserted here to explain the warning preceding. The following verses should be read with care, because they give the key, not only to Judges, but to 1 Samuel, and the whole of this period of Israel until the monarchy.
In explanation of verse 16 the Bible Commentary speaks of the judges as God's vicegerents in the government of Israel, He Himself being the supreme ruler. As we shall see, there was no regular unbroken succession of judges, but individuals prompted by the Spirit of God were from time to time aroused and empowered to achieve deliverance. They were without pomp or emolument, and had no power to make laws. In a special sense, however, they were executors of the law and avengers of crimes, especially that of idolatry.
5. Othniel, the First Judge, c. 3:1-11.
After enumerating the nations left in the land unconquered, and the reason for permitting them to remain, the story takes up the first general apostasy of Israel and the rule of the first judge. Notice in verses 1-4 the interacting of divine sovereignty and human responsibility. We have seen the reason why these nations were not exterminated from the human point of view to be a lack of faith, but from the divine point of view there was another reason. God permits these nations to remain, as a school for Israel in the art of war (v. 2), and, as an instrument for their discipline in divine things (v. 4).
From intermarrying with these nations the Israelites soon came to serve their gods (vv. 6-7). When therefore they turned their back upon Jehovah, He, in a sense, turned His back upon them, so that they were compelled to serve the Mesopotamians eight years (v. 8). Distress followed sin and repentance resulted from distress. Whereupon God raised up a deliverer in Othniel, whose history has been spoken of before (vv. 9, 10). No details are given of this war, though it must have been a serious struggle. Othniel is victorious and rules Israel in peace for forty years (v. 11).
6. Ehud, the Second Judge, vv. 12-30.
When Israel again fell into sin, God's scourge against them was the Moabites, who joined their earlier enemies, the Amorites and Amalekites, in a successful conquest for eighteen years (v. 14), when distress and repentance are again followed by deliverance.
It makes the blood run cold to read what Ehud did, but we must remember that he was not a murderer but a warrior, and the world has always made a distinction between these two. His act was not one of personal revenge, but patriotic and religious fervor. Moreover, while he was doing God's service in the general sense of that term. his deed is nowhere approved in Scripture. This last remark suggests an important qualification, to which attention has been called before, and which should be applied in instances of a similar character in the Bible record. Lange calls attention to the further fact that a shadow seems to hang over the official career of this man, for his name is not praised in Israel, neither is it said anywhere that the Spirit of the Lord was upon him, nor that he judged Israel. These omissions may be without significance, but are they not noticeable?
7. Shamgar, the Third Judge, v. 31.
The notice of this judgeship is brief and limited to a conflict with the Philistines. The "ox goad" with which he slew 600 men is as an implement eight feet long and about six inches in circumference. At one end it has a sharp prong for driving cattle, and at another a small iron paddle for removing the clay which encumbers the plow in working. Such an instrument wielded by a strong man would do great execution.
【삿3:1 MHCC】As the Israelites were a type of the church on earth, they were not to be idle and slothful. The Lord was pleased to try them by the remains of the devoted nations they spared. Temptations and trials detect the wickedness of the hearts of sinners; and strengthen he graces of believers in their daily conflict with Satan, sin, and this evil world. They must live in this world, but they are not of it, and are forbidden to conform to it. This marks the difference between the followers of Christ and mere professors. The friendship of the world is more fatal than its enmity; the latter can only kill the body, but the former murders many precious souls.
【삿3:5 JFB】유3:5-7. By Communion with These the Israelites Commit Idolatry.
5-7. the children of Israel dwelt among the Canaanites—The two peoples by degrees came to be on habits of intercourse. Reciprocal alliances were formed by marriage till the Israelites, relaxing the austerity of their principles, showed a growing conformity to the manners and worship of their idolatrous neighbors.
【삿3:8 JFB】유3:8-11. Othniel Delivers Israel.
8-11. sold them—that is, "delivered them"
into the hand of Chushan-rishathaim—or, Chushan, "the wicked." This name had been probably given him from his cruel and impious character.
served Chushan-rishathaim eight years—by the payment of a stipulated tribute yearly, the raising of which must have caused a great amount of labor and privation.
【삿3:8 MHCC】The first judge was Othniel: even in Joshua's time Othniel began to be famous. Soon after Israel's settlement in Canaan their purity began to be corrupted, and their peace disturbed. But affliction makes those cry to God who before would scarcely speak to him. God returned in mercy to them for their deliverance. The Spirit of the Lord came upon Othniel. The Spirit of wisdom and courage to qualify him for the service, and the Spirit of power to excite him to it. He first judged Israel, reproved and reformed them, and then went to war. Let sin at home be conquered, that worst of enemies, then enemies abroad will be more easily dealt with. Thus let Christ be our Judge and Lawgiver, then he will save us.
【삿3:9 JFB】9. when the children of Israel cried unto the Lord—In their distress they had recourse to earnest prayer, accompanied by humble and penitent confession of their errors.
Othniel—(See on 수15:16; 유1:13). His military experience qualified him for the work, while the gallant exploits he was known to have performed, gained him the full confidence of his countrymen in his ability as a leader.
【삿3:10 JFB】10. The Spirit of the Lord came upon him and he judged Israel, and went out to war—Impelled by a supernatural influence, he undertook the difficult task of government at this national crisis—addressing himself to promote a general reformation of manners, the abolition of idolatry, and the revival of pure religion. After these preliminary measures, he collected a body of choice warriors to expel the foreign oppressors.
the Lord delivered Chushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushan-rishathaim—No details are given of this war, which, considering the resources of so potent a monarch, must have been a determined struggle. But the Israelitish arms were crowned through the blessing of God with victory, and Canaan regained its freedom and independence.
【삿3:11 JFB】11. Othniel … died—How powerful the influence of one good man is, in church or state, is best found in his loss [Bishop Hall].
【삿3:12 JFB】유3:12-30. Ehud Slays Eglon.
12-14. the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the Lord—The Israelites, deprived of the moral and political influences of Othniel, were not long in following their native bias to idolatry.
the Lord strengthened Eglon the king of Moab—The reigning monarch's ambition was to recover that extensive portion of his ancient territory possessed by the Israelites. In conjunction with his neighbors, the Ammonites and the Amalekites, sworn enemies of Israel, he first subjected the eastern tribes; then crossing the Jordan, he made a sudden incursion on western Canaan, and in virtue of his conquests, erected fortifications in the territory adjoining Jericho [Josephus], to secure the frontier, and fixed his residence there. This oppressor was permitted, in the providence of God, to triumph for eighteen years.
【삿3:12 MHCC】When Israel sins again, God raises up a new oppressor. The Israelites did ill, and the Moabites did worse; yet because God punishes the sins of his own people in this world, Israel is weakened, and Moab strengthened against them. If lesser troubles do not do the work, God will send greater. When Israel prays again, God raises up Ehud. As a judge, or minister of Divine justice, Ehud put to death Eglon, the king of Moab, and thus executed the judgments of God upon him as an enemy to God and Israel. But the law of being subject to principalities and powers in all things lawful, is the rule of our conduct. No such commissions are now given; to pretend to them is to blaspheme God. Notice Ehud's address to Eglon. What message from God but a message of vengeance can a proud rebel expect? Such a message is contained in the word of God; his ministers are boldly to declare it, without fearing the frown, or respecting the persons of sinners. But, blessed be God, they have to deliver a message of mercy and of free salvation; the message of vengeance belongs only to those who neglect the offers of grace. The consequence of this victory was, that the land had rest eighty years. It was a great while for the land to rest; yet what is that to the saints' everlasting rest in the heavenly Canaan.
【삿3:15 JFB】15. Ehud the son of Gera—descended from Gera, one of Benjamin's sons (창46:21).
left-handed—This peculiarity distinguished many in the Benjamite tribe (유20:16). But the original word is rendered in some versions "both-handed," a view countenanced by 대상12:2.
by him the children of Israel sent a present unto Eglon the king of Moab—the yearly tribute, which, according to Eastern fashion, would be borne with ostentatious ceremony and offered (유3:18) by several messengers.
【삿3:16 JFB】16. Ehud made him a dagger … and he did gird it … upon his right thigh—The sword was usually worn on the left side; so that Ehud's was the more likely to escape detection.
【삿3:19 JFB】19. quarries—rather, "graven images" (신7:25; 렘8:19; 51:52); statues of Moabite idols, the sight of which kindled the patriotic zeal of Ehud to avenge this public insult to Israel on its author.
I have a secret errand unto thee, O king: who said, Keep silence—"Privacy"—a signal for all to withdraw.
【삿3:20 JFB】20. a summer parlour—Hebrew, "chamber of cooling"—one of those retired edifices which Oriental grandees usually have in their gardens, and in which they repose during the heat of the day.
【삿3:21 JFB】21-26. Ehud put forth his left hand—The whole circumstance of this daring act—the death of Eglon without a shriek, or noise—the locking of the doors—the carrying off the key—the calm, unhurried deportment of Ehud—show the strength of his confidence that he was doing God service.
【삿3:27 JFB】27. he blew a trumpet in the mountain of Ephraim—summoned to arms the people of that mountainous region, which, adjoining the territory of Benjamin, had probably suffered most from the grievous oppression of the Moabites.
【삿3:28 JFB】28. they went down after him, and took the fords—(See on 수2:7). With the view of preventing all escape to the Moabite coast, and by the slaughter of ten thousand men [유3:29], Ehud rescued his country from a state of ignominious vassalage.
【삿3:31 MHCC】The side of the country which lay south-west, was infested by the Philistines. God raised up Shamgar to deliver them; having neither sword nor spear, he took an ox-goad, the instrument next at hand. God can make those serviceable to his glory and to his church's good, whose birth, education, and employment, are mean and obscure. It is no matter what the weapon is, if God directs and strengthens the arm. Often he works by unlikely means, that the excellency of the power may appear to be of God.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.