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■ 사사기 19장
1. 이스라엘에 왕이 없을 그 때에 에브라임 산지 구석에 우거하는 어떤 레위 사람이 유다 베들레헴에서 첩을 취하였더니
And it came to pass in those days , when there was no king in Israel , that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim , who took to him a concubine out of Beth–lehem–judah .
2. 그 첩이 행음하고 남편을 떠나 유다 베들레헴 그 아비의 집에 돌아가서 거기서 넉달의 날을 보내매
And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father’s house to Beth–lehem–judah , and was there four whole months .
3. 그 남편이 그 여자에게 다정히 말하고 그를 데려오고자 하여 하인 하나와 나귀 두 필을 데리고 그에게로 가매 여자가 그를 인도하여 아비의 집에 들어가니 그 여자의 아비가 그를 보고 환영하니라
And her husband arose , and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again , having his servant with him, and a couple of asses : and she brought him into her father’s house : and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.
4. 그 첩장인 곧 여자의 아비가 그를 머물리매 그가 삼 일을 그와 함께 거하며 먹고 마시며 거기서 유숙하다가
And his father in law , the damsel’s father , retained him; and he abode with him three days : so they did eat and drink , and lodged there.
5. 나흘 만에 일찍이 일어나 떠나고자 하매 여자의 아비가 그 사위에게 이르되 떡을 조금 먹어 그대의 기력을 도운 후에 그대의 길을 행하라
And it came to pass on the fourth day , when they arose early in the morning , that he rose up to depart : and the damsel’s father said unto his son in law , Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread , and afterward go your way .
6. 두 사람이 앉아서 함께 먹고 마시매 여자의 아비가 그 사람에게 이르되 청하노니 이 밤을 여기서 유숙하여 그대의 마음을 즐겁게 하라
And they sat down , and did eat and drink both of them together : for the damsel’s father had said unto the man , Be content , I pray thee, and tarry all night , and let thine heart be merry .
7. 그 사람이 일어나서 가고자 하되 첩장인의 간청으로 다시 유숙하더니
And when the man rose up to depart , his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again .
8. 다섯째 날 아침에 일찍이 일어나 떠나고자 하매 여자의 아비가 이르되 청하노니 그대의 기력을 돕고 해가 기울도록 머물라 하므로 두 사람이 함께 먹고
And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart : and the damsel’s father said , Comfort thine heart , I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon , and they did eat both of them.
9. 그 사람이 첩과 하인으로 더불어 일어나 떠나고자 하매 그 첩장인 곧 여자의 아비가 그에게 이르되 보라 이제 해가 저물어가니 청컨대 이 밤도 유숙하라 보라 해가 기울었느니라 그대는 여기서 유숙하여 그대의 마음을 즐겁게 하고 내일 일찍이 그대의 길을 행하여 그대의 집으로 돌아가라
And when the man rose up to depart , he, and his concubine , and his servant , his father in law , the damsel’s father , said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening , I pray you tarry all night : behold, the day groweth to an end , lodge here, that thine heart may be merry ; and to morrow get you early on your way , that thou mayest go home .
10. 그 사람이 다시 밤을 지내고자 아니하여 일어나 떠나서 여부스 맞은편에 이르렀으니 여부스는 곧 예루살렘이라 안장 지운 나귀 둘과 첩이 그와 함께 하였더라
But the man would not tarry that night , but he rose up and departed , and came over against Jebus , which is Jerusalem ; and there were with him two asses saddled , his concubine also was with him.
11. 그들이 여부스에 가까웠을 때에 해가 지려 하는지라 종이 주인에게 이르되 청컨대 우리가 돌이켜 여부스 사람의 이 성읍에 들어가서 유숙하사이다
And when they were by Jebus , the day was far spent ; and the servant said unto his master , Come , I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites , and lodge in it.
12. 주인이 그에게 이르되 우리가 돌이켜 이스라엘 자손에게 속하지 아니한 외인의 성읍으로 들어갈 것이 아니니 기브아로 나아가리라 하고
And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger , that is not of the children of Israel ; we will pass over to Gibeah .
13. 또 그 종에게 이르되 우리가 기브아나 라마 중 한 곳에 나아가 거기서 유숙하자 하고
And he said unto his servant , Come , and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night , in Gibeah , or in Ramah .
14. 모두 앞으로 행하더니 베냐민에 속한 기브아에 가까이 이르러는 해가 진지라
And they passed on and went their way ; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah , which belongeth to Benjamin .
15. 기브아에 가서 유숙하려고 그리로 돌이켜 들어가서 성읍 거리에 앉았으나 그를 집으로 영접하여 유숙케 하는 자가 없었더라
And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah : and when he went in , he sat him down in a street of the city : for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging .
16. 이미 저물매 한 노인이 밭에서 일하다가 돌아오니 그 사람은 본래 에브라임 산지 사람으로서 기브아에 우거하는 자요 그곳 사람들은 베냐민 사람이더라
And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even , which was also of mount Ephraim ; and he sojourned in Gibeah : but the men of the place were Benjamites .
17. 노인이 눈을 들어 성읍 거리에 행객이 있는 것을 본지라 노인이 묻되 그대는 어디로 가며 어디서 왔느뇨
And when he had lifted up his eyes , he saw a wayfaring man in the street of the city : and the old man said , Whither goest thou? and whence comest thou?
18. 그가 그에게 이르되 우리는 유다 베들레헴에서 에브라임 산지 구석으로 가나이다 나는 그곳 사람으로서 유다 베들레헴에 갔다가 이제 여호와의 집으로 가는 중인데 나를 자기 집으로 영접하는 사람이 없나이다
And he said unto him, We are passing from Beth–lehem–judah toward the side of mount Ephraim ; from thence am I: and I went to Beth–lehem–judah , but I am now going to the house of the Lord ; and there is no man that receiveth me to house .
19. 우리에게는 나귀들에게 먹일 짚과 보리가 있고 나와 당신의 여종과 당신의 종 우리들과 함께한 소년의 먹을 양식과 포도주가 있어 무엇이든지 부족함이 없나이다
Yet there is both straw and provender for our asses ; and there is bread and wine also for me, and for thy handmaid , and for the young man which is with thy servants : there is no want of any thing .
20. 노인이 가로되 그대는 안심하라 그대의 모든 쓸 것은 나의 담책이니 거리에서는 자지 말라 하고
And the old man said , Peace be with thee; howsoever let all thy wants lie upon me; only lodge not in the street .
21. 그를 데리고 자기 집에 들어가서 나귀에게 먹이니 그들이 발을 씻고 먹고 마시니라
So he brought him into his house , and gave provender unto the asses : and they washed their feet , and did eat and drink .
22. 그들이 마음을 즐겁게 할 때에 그 성읍의 비류들이 그 집을 에워 싸고 문을 두들기며 집 주인 노인에게 말하여 가로되 네 집에 들어온 사람을 끌어내라 우리가 그를 상관하리라
Now as they were making their hearts merry , behold, the men of the city , certain sons of Belial , beset the house round about , and beat at the door , and spake to the master of the house , the old man , saying , Bring forth the man that came into thine house , that we may know him.
23. 집 주인 그 사람이 그들에게로 나와서 이르되 아니라 내 형제들아 청하노니 악을 행치 말라 이 사람이 내 집에 들었으니 이런 망령된 일을 행치 말라
And the man , the master of the house , went out unto them, and said unto them, Nay , my brethren , nay, I pray you, do not so wickedly ; seeing that this man is come into mine house , do not this folly .
24. 보라 여기 내 처녀 딸과 이 사람의 첩이 있은즉 내가 그들을 끌어 내리니 너희가 그들을 욕보이든지 어찌하든지 임의로 하되 오직 이 사람에게는 이런 망령된 일을 행치 말라 하나
Behold, here is my daughter a maiden , and his concubine ; them I will bring out now, and humble ye them, and do with them what seemeth good unto you: but unto this man do not so vile a thing .
25. 무리가 듣지 아니하므로 그 사람이 자기 첩을 무리에게로 붙들어내매 그들이 그에게 행음하여 밤새도록 욕보이다가 새벽 미명에 놓은지라
But the men would not hearken to him: so the man took his concubine , and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning : and when the day began to spring , they let her go .
26. 동틀 때에 여인이 그 주인의 우거한 그 사람의 집 문에 이르러 엎드러져 밝기까지 거기 누웠더라
Then came the woman in the dawning of the day , and fell down at the door of the man’s house where her lord was, till it was light .
27. 그의 주인이 일찍이 일어나 집 문을 열고 떠나고자 하더니 그 여인이 집 문에 엎드러지고 그 두 손이 문지방에 있는 것을 보고
And her lord rose up in the morning , and opened the doors of the house , and went out to go his way : and, behold, the woman his concubine was fallen down at the door of the house , and her hands were upon the threshold .
28. 그에게 이르되 일어나라 우리가 떠나가자 하나 아무 대답이 없는지라 이에 그 시체를 나귀에 싣고 행하여 자기 곳에 돌아가서
And he said unto her, Up , and let us be going . But none answered . Then the man took her up upon an ass , and the man rose up , and gat him unto his place .
29. 그 집에 이르러서는 칼을 취하여 첩의 시체를 붙들어 그 마디를 찍어 열두 덩이에 나누고 그것을 이스라엘 사방에 두루 보내매
And when he was come into his house , he took a knife , and laid hold on his concubine , and divided her, together with her bones , into twelve pieces , and sent her into all the coasts of Israel .
30. 그것을 보는 자가 다 가로되 이스라엘 자손이 애굽 땅에서 나온 날부터 오늘날까지 이런 일은 행치도 아니하였고 보지도 못하였도다 생각하고 상의한 후에 말하자 하니라
And it was so , that all that saw it said , There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day : consider of it, take advice , and speak your minds.
■ 주석 보기
【삿19:1 JFB】유19:1-15. A Levite Going to Bethlehem to Fetch His Wife.
1. it came to pass in those days—The painfully interesting episode that follows, together with the intestine commotion the report of it produced throughout the country, belongs to the same early period of anarchy and prevailing disorder.
a certain Levite … took to him a concubine—The priests under the Mosaic law enjoyed the privilege of marrying as well as other classes of the people. It was no disreputable connection this Levite had formed; for a nuptial engagement with a concubine wife (though, as wanting in some outward ceremonies, it was reckoned a secondary or inferior relationship) possessed the true essence of marriage; it was not only lawful, but sanctioned by the example of many good men.
【삿19:1 CWC】[APPENDIX TO THE BOOK]
The chapters concluding the book, give in detail certain incidents at various periods during the preceding history, when the whole nation was disordered and corrupt, and "every man did that which was right in his own eyes."
1. A Man-made Priest, c. 17.
Chapter 17 tells of Micah who established a sanctuary of his own in imitation of the tabernacle. Of course it was contrary to the law and evinced ignorance and superstition, although the motive may not have been bad.
2. Origin of the City of Dan, c. 16.
Chapter 18 carries the story further and shows how Micah lost his tabernacle, and his priest obtained a broader field. The Danites wanted more territory and dispatched five men to search out a good place (vv. 1, 2). By accident they discovered Micah's self-made "priest" and sought counsel of him, which was as ambiguous as the heathen oracles (vv. 3-6). Nevertheless they come to a town called Laish, which seems a desirable and easy prey, and which they persuade the men of war of their tribe to advance upon (vv. 7-12). Passing through Micah's town on their errand, they impress his priest into their service (13-21), and, although Micah and his fellow townsmen pursue them, it is without avail (vv. 22-26). They overcome Laish at the end, build their city there and call it Dan. They also continue their idolatrous worship introduced by Micah's priest, down to the captivity (vv. 27-31).
3. An Awful Deed and an Awful Retribution, cc. 19-21.
Chapters 19 to 21 tell an awful story of lust, civil war and pillage fearfully illustrative of a world without God.
A Levite, after the manner of those days, married a secondary wife who proved unfaithful. Returning to her father's house at Bethlehem, he followed her to persuade her to come back (19:1-4). After a few days they start on their journey accompanied by a servant, lodging the first night at Gibeah (19:5-21). Here wicked men abuse the concubine until she dies; her husband, his servant and his host acting so discreditably as to be almost unbelievable, were it not for the sacred record of the fact (19:22-28).
Subsequently her husband took a remarkable way of obtaining redress, explicable only on the absence of regular government among the tribes. He divided the corpse into 12 pieces and distributed them with the story of the wrong among all the tribes, so that the latter came together saying: "There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day; consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds" (19:29, 30).
The result was a conference of the tribes at Mizpeh (20:1). The phrase "unto the Lord" is possibly explained by the circumstance that Mizpeh was near Shiloh, the place of the tabernacle, and that the leaders went there to consult Jehovah, if haply He would reveal His mind at this crisis, through the high priest.
The Levite is now given an opportunity to state his case formally, in which he inferentially lodges a complaint against the whole tribe of Benjamin, as Gibeah was in its territory (20:4-7).
The decision is to punish that city (20:8-11), but first to demand that the perpetrators of the crime be surrendered for execution, which Benjamin, through pride or some other reason, refuses to do (20:12-13). Internecine war follows, in which the Benjamites are at first successful, but in the end succumb to the greater numbers and the strategy of the united tribes (20:14-48).
Humbling Experiences and Their Cause.
But why, if the united tribes asked counsel of the Lord, and acted on it were they so unsuccessful at first, and why did they suffer so heavily? Perhaps they did not seek it early enough. Their own plans seem to have been formed first, and all they sought of the Lord was to name their leader (20:18). It was their disasters that seemed to bring them to their senses and to the Lord, in real earnestness, and then the tables were turned (20:26-28).
It is notable that Phineas, the grandson of Aaron, was their high priest, indicating the time to be not long after Joshua's death.
Folly upon Folly.
All that was left of Benjamin was 600 men (20:47), for it appears that all the women and children were slain. Mow, the other tribes had sworn that they would not give their daughters to the Benjamites for wives, and the result was that the whole of that tribe was likely to become extinct -- another illustration of a rash vow.
Ashamed of their folly, they repented of it, but not to the extent of taking back their vows (21:1-8). Instead of this, having discovered that none of the men of Jabesh-gilead had gathered to the battle, they determined to destroy its inhabitants, with the exception of the unmarried women, and give the latter to the Benjamites (21:8-15).
But there were not enough of these to suffice. Therefore, they decided upon the expedient of permitting 200 more to be stolen by the Benjamites from the other tribes under the circumstances narrated in chapter 21:16-23. No wonder the book closes with the refrain heard several times before, "In those days there was no King in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes."
【삿19:1 MHCC】The wickedness of the men of Gibeah.
—The three remaining chapters of this book contain a very sad history of the wickedness of the men of Gibeah, in Benjamin. The righteous Lord permits sinners to execute just vengeance on one another, and if the scene here described is horrible, what will the discoveries of the day of judgment be! Let each of us consider how to escape from the wrath to come, how to mortify the sins of our own hearts, to resist Satan's temptations, and to avoid the pollutions there are in the world.
【삿19:2 JFB】2. his concubine … went away from him unto her father's house—The cause of the separation assigned in our version rendered it unlawful for her husband to take her back (신24:4); and according to the uniform style of sentiment and practice in the East, she would have been put to death, had she gone to her father's family. Other versions concur with Josephus, in representing the reason for the flight from her husband's house to be, that she was disgusted with him, through frequent brawls.
【삿19:3 JFB】3, 4. And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her—Hebrew, "speak to her heart," in a kindly and affectionate manner, so as to rekindle her affection. Accompanied by a servant, he arrived at the house of his father-in-law, who rejoiced to meet him, in the hope that a complete reconciliation would be brought about between his daughter and her husband. The Levite, yielding to the hospitable importunities of his father-in-law, prolonged his stay for days.
【삿19:8 JFB】8. tarried—with reluctance.
until afternoon—literally, "the decline of the day." People in the East, who take little or nothing to eat in the morning, do not breakfast till from ten to twelve A.M., and this meal the hospitable relative had purposely protracted to so late a period as to afford an argument for urging a further stay.
【삿19:9 JFB】9. the day draweth toward evening—Hebrew, "the pitching time of day." Travellers who set out at daybreak usually halt about the middle of the afternoon the first day, to enjoy rest and refreshment. It was, then, too late a time to commence a journey. But duty, perhaps, obliged the Levite to indulge no further delay.
【삿19:10 JFB】10-12. the man … departed, and came over against Jebus—The note, "which is Jerusalem," must have been inserted by Ezra or some later hand. Jebus being still, though not entirely (유1:8) in the possession of the old inhabitants, the Levite resisted the advice of his attendant to enter it and determined rather to press forward to pass the night in Gibeah, which he knew was occupied by Israelites. The distance from Beth-lehem to Jerusalem is about six miles. The event showed that it would have been better to have followed the advice of his attendant—to have trusted themselves among aliens than among their own countrymen.
【삿19:13 JFB】13. in Gibeah, or in Ramah—The first of these places was five miles northeast, the other from four to five north of Jerusalem.
【삿19:15 JFB】15. when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city—The towns of Palestine at this remote period could not, it seems, furnish any establishment in the shape of an inn or public lodging-house. Hence we conclude that the custom, which is still frequently witnessed in the cities of the East, was then not uncommon, for travellers who were late in arriving and who had no introduction to a private family, to spread their bedding in the streets, or wrapping themselves up in their cloaks, pass the night in the open air. In the Arab towns and villages, however, the sheik, or some other person, usually comes out and urgently invites the strangers to his house. This was done also in ancient Palestine (창18:4; 19:2). That the same hospitality was not shown in Gibeah seems to have been owing to the bad character of the people.
【삿19:16 JFB】유19:16-21. An Old Man Entertains Him at Gibeah.
16. there came an old man from his work out of the field at even, which was also of mount Ephraim—Perhaps his hospitality was quickened by learning the stranger's occupation, and that he was on his return to his duties at Shiloh.
【삿19:19 JFB】19, 20. there is no want of any thing—In answering the kindly inquiries of the old man, the Levite deemed it right to state that he was under no necessity of being burdensome on anyone, for he possessed all that was required to relieve his wants. Oriental travellers always carry a stock of provisions with them; and knowing that even the khans or lodging-houses they may find on their way afford nothing beyond rest and shelter, they are careful to lay in a supply of food both for themselves and their beasts. Instead of hay, which is seldom met with, they used chopped straw, which, with a mixture of barley, beans, or the like, forms the provender for cattle. The old man, however, in the warmth of a generous heart, refused to listen to any explanation, and bidding the Levite keep his stocks for any emergency that might occur in the remainder of his journey, invited them to accept of the hospitalities of his house for the night.
【삿19:20 JFB】20. only lodge not in the street—As this is no rare or singular circumstance in the East, the probability is that the old man's earnest dissuasive from such a procedure arose from his acquaintance with the infamous practices of the place.
【삿19:22 JFB】유19:22-28. The Gibeahites Abuse His Concubine to Death.
22-24. certain sons of Belial beset the house—The narrative of the horrid outrage that was committed; of the proposal of the old man; the unfeeling, careless, and in many respects, inexplicable conduct of the Levite towards his wife, disclose a state of morality that would have appeared incredible, did it not rest on the testimony of the sacred historian. Both men ought to have protected the women in the house, even though at the expense of their lives, or thrown themselves on God's providence. It should be noted, however, that the guilt of such a foul outrage is not fastened on the general population of Gibeah.
【삿19:29 JFB】29. divided her … into twelve pieces—The want of a regular government warranted an extraordinary step; and certainly no method could have been imagined more certain of rousing universal horror and indignation than this terrible summons of the Levite.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.