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■ 사사기 18장
1. 그 때에 이스라엘에 왕이 없었고 단 지파는 이 때에 거할 기업의 땅을 구하는 중이었으니 이는 그들이 이스라엘 지파 중에서 이때까지 기업의 땅 분배함을 얻지 못하였음이라
In those days there was no king in Israel : and in those days the tribe of the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in ; for unto that day all their inheritance had not fallen unto them among the tribes of Israel .
2. 단 자손이 소라와 에스다올에서부터 자기 온 가족 중 용맹 있는 다섯 사람을 보내어 땅을 탐지하고 살피게 하며 그들에게 이르되 너희는 가서 땅을 살펴보라 하매 그들이 에브라임 산지에 가서 미가의 집에 이르러 거기서 유숙하니라
And the children of Dan sent of their family five men from their coasts , men of valour , from Zorah , and from Eshtaol , to spy out the land , and to search it; and they said unto them, Go , search the land : who when they came to mount Ephraim , to the house of Micah , they lodged there.
3. 그들이 미가의 집에 가까이 올 때에 레위 소년의 음성을 알아듣고 그리로 돌이켜 가서 그에게 이르되 누가 너를 이리로 인도하였으며 네가 여기서 무엇을 하며 여기서 무엇을 얻었느냐
When they were by the house of Micah , they knew the voice of the young man the Levite : and they turned in thither, and said unto him, Who brought thee hither ? and what makest thou in this place? and what hast thou here?
4. 그가 그들에게 이르되 미가가 여차여차히 나를 대접하여 나를 고빙하여 나로 자기 제사장을 삼았느니라
And he said unto them, Thus and thus dealeth Micah with me, and hath hired me, and I am his priest .
5. 그들이 그에게 이르되 청컨대 우리를 위하여 하나님께 물어보아서 우리의 행하는 길이 형통할는지 우리에게 알게 하라
And they said unto him, Ask counsel , we pray thee, of God , that we may know whether our way which we go shall be prosperous .
6. 그 제사장이 그들에게 이르되 평안히 가라 너희의 행하는 길은 여호와 앞에 있느니라
And the priest said unto them, Go in peace : before the Lord is your way wherein ye go .
7. 이에 다섯 사람이 떠나 라이스에 이르러 거기 있는 백성을 본즉 염려 없이 거하여 시돈 사람 같이 한가하고 평안하니 그 땅에는 권세 잡은 자가 없어서 무슨 일에든지 괴롭게 함이 없고 시돈 사람과 상거가 멀며 아무 사람과도 상관하지 아니함이라
Then the five men departed , and came to Laish , and saw the people that were therein , how they dwelt careless , after the manner of the Zidonians , quiet and secure ; and there was no magistrate in the land , that might put them to shame in any thing ; and they were far from the Zidonians , and had no business with any man .
8. 그들이 소라와 에스다올에 돌아와서 그 형제에게 이르매 형제들이 그들에게 묻되 너희 보기에 어떠하더뇨
And they came unto their brethren to Zorah and Eshtaol : and their brethren said unto them, What say ye?
9. 가로대 일어나서 그들을 치러 올라가자 우리가 그 땅을 본즉 매우 좋더라 너희는 가만히 있느냐 나아가서 그 땅 얻기를 게을리 말라
And they said , Arise , that we may go up against them: for we have seen the land , and, behold, it is very good : and are ye still ? be not slothful to go , and to enter to possess the land .
10. 너희가 가면 평안한 백성을 만날 것이요 그 땅은 넓고 그 곳에는 세상에 있는 것이 하나도 부족함이 없느니라
When ye go , ye shall come unto a people secure , and to a large land : for God hath given it into your hands ; a place where there is no want of any thing that is in the earth .
11. 단 지파 가족 중 육백 명이 병기를 띠고 소라와 에스다올에서 출발하여
And there went from thence of the family of the Danites , out of Zorah and out of Eshtaol , six hundred men appointed with weapons of war .
12. 올라가서 유다 기럇여아림에 진 치니 이러므로 그곳 이름이 오늘까지 마하네단이며 그곳은 기럇여아림 뒤에 있더라
And they went up , and pitched in Kirjath–jearim , in Judah : wherefore they called that place Mahaneh–dan unto this day : behold, it is behind Kirjath–jearim .
13. 무리가 거기서 떠나서 에브라임 산지 미가의 집에 이르니라
And they passed thence unto mount Ephraim , and came unto the house of Micah .
14. 전에 라이스 땅을 탐지하러 갔던 다섯 사람이 그 형제들에게 말하여 가로되 이 집에 에봇과 드라빔과 새긴 신상과 부어만든 신상이 있는 줄을 너희가 아느냐 그런즉 이제 너희는 마땅히 행할 것을 생각하라 하고
Then answered the five men that went to spy out the country of Laish , and said unto their brethren , Do ye know that there is in these houses an ephod , and teraphim , and a graven image , and a molten image ? now therefore consider what ye have to do .
15. 다섯 사람이 그 편으로 향하여 소년 레위 사람의 집 곧 미가의 집에 이르러 문안하고
And they turned thitherward, and came to the house of the young man the Levite , even unto the house of Micah , and saluted him.
16. 단 자손 육백 명은 병기를 띠고 문 입구에 서니라
And the six hundred men appointed with their weapons of war , which were of the children of Dan , stood by the entering of the gate .
17. 땅을 탐지하러 갔던 다섯 사람이 그리로 들어가서 새긴 신상과 에봇과 드라빔과 부어 만든 신상을 취할 때에 제사장은 병기를 띤 육백 명과 함께 문 입구에 섰더니
And the five men that went to spy out the land went up , and came in thither, and took the graven image , and the ephod , and the teraphim , and the molten image : and the priest stood in the entering of the gate with the six hundred men that were appointed with weapons of war .
18. 그 다섯 사람이 미가의 집에 들어가서 그 새긴 신상과 에봇과 드라빔과 부어 만든 신상을 취하여 내매 제사장이 그들에게 묻되 너희가 무엇을 하느냐
And these went into Micah’s house , and fetched the carved image , the ephod , and the teraphim , and the molten image . Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?
19. 그들이 그에게 이르되 잠잠하라 네 손을 입에 대라 우리와 함께 가서 우리의 아비와 제사장이 되라 네가 한 사람의 집의 제사장이 되는 것과 이스라엘 한 지파, 한 가족의 제사장이 되는 것이 어느 것이 낫겠느냐
And they said unto him, Hold thy peace , lay thine hand upon thy mouth , and go with us, and be to us a father and a priest : is it better for thee to be a priest unto the house of one man , or that thou be a priest unto a tribe and a family in Israel ?
20. 제사장이 마음에 기뻐하여 에봇과 드라빔과 새긴 우상을 취하고 그 백성 중으로 들어가니라
And the priest’s heart was glad , and he took the ephod , and the teraphim , and the graven image , and went in the midst of the people .
21. 그들이 돌이켜서 어린 아이들과 가축과 물품을 앞에 두고 진행하더니
So they turned and departed , and put the little ones and the cattle and the carriage before them.
22. 미가의 집을 멀리 떠난 때에 미가의 이웃집 사람들이 모여서 단 자손을 따라 미쳐서는
And when they were a good way from the house of Micah , the men that were in the houses near to Micah’s house were gathered together , and overtook the children of Dan .
23. 단 자손을 부르는지라 그들이 낯을 돌이켜 미가에게 이르되 네가 무슨 일로 이같이 모아가지고 왔느냐
And they cried unto the children of Dan . And they turned their faces , and said unto Micah , What aileth thee, that thou comest with such a company ?
24. 미가가 가로되 나의 지은 신들과 제사장을 취하여 갔으니 내게 오히려 있는 것이 무엇이냐 너희가 어찌하여 나더러 무슨 일이냐 하느냐
And he said , Ye have taken away my gods which I made , and the priest , and ye are gone away : and what have I more? and what is this that ye say unto me, What aileth thee?
25. 단 자손이 그에게 이르되 네 목소리를 우리에게 들리게 말라 노한 자들이 너희를 쳐서 네 생명과 네 가족의 생명을 잃게 할까 하노라 하고
And the children of Dan said unto him, Let not thy voice be heard among us, lest angry fellows run upon thee, and thou lose thy life , with the lives of thy household .
26. 단 자손이 자기 길을 행한지라 미가가 단 자손이 자기보다 강한 것을 보고 돌이켜 집으로 돌아갔더라
And the children of Dan went their way : and when Micah saw that they were too strong for him, he turned and went back unto his house .
27. 단 자손이 미가의 지은 것과 그 제사장을 취하고 라이스에 이르러 한가하고 평안한 백성을 만나 칼날로 그들을 치며 불로 그 성읍을 사르되
And they took the things which Micah had made , and the priest which he had, and came unto Laish , unto a people that were at quiet and secure : and they smote them with the edge of the sword , and burnt the city with fire .
28. 그들을 구원할 자가 없었으니 그 성읍이 베드르흡 가까운 골짜기에 있어서 시돈과 상거가 멀고 상종하는 사람도 없음이었더라 단 자손이 성읍을 중건하고 거기 거하며
And there was no deliverer , because it was far from Zidon , and they had no business with any man ; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth–rehob . And they built a city , and dwelt therein.
29. 이스라엘의 소생 그 조상 단의 이름을 따라 그 성읍을 단이라 하니라 그 성읍의 본 이름은 라이스더라
And they called the name of the city Dan , after the name of Dan their father , who was born unto Israel : howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first .
30. 단 자손이 자기를 위하여 그 새긴 신상을 세웠고 모세의 손자 게르손의 아들 요나단과 그 자손은 단 지파의 제사장이 되어 이 백성이 사로 잡히는 날까지 이르렀더라
And the children of Dan set up the graven image : and Jonathan , the son of Gershom , the son of Manasseh , he and his sons were priests to the tribe of Dan until the day of the captivity of the land .
31. 하나님의 집이 실로에 있을 동안에 미가의 지은바 새긴 신상이 단 자손에게 있었더라
And they set them up Micah’s graven image , which he made , all the time that the house of God was in Shiloh .
■ 주석 보기
【삿18:1 JFB】유18:1-26. The Danites Seek Out an Inheritance.
1-6. In those days … the Danites sought them an inheritance to dwell in—The Danites had a territory assigned them as well as the other tribes. But either through indolence, or a lack of energy, they did not acquire the full possession of their allotment, but suffered a considerable portion of it to be wrested out of their hands by the encroachments of their powerful neighbors, the Philistines. In consequence, being straitened for room, a considerable number resolved on trying to effect a new and additional settlement in a remote part of the land. A small deputation, being despatched to reconnoitre the country, arrived on their progress northward at the residence of Micah. Recognizing his priest as one of their former acquaintances, or perhaps by his provincial dialect, they eagerly enlisted his services in ascertaining the result of their present expedition. His answer, though apparently promising, was delusive, and really as ambiguous as those of the heathen oracles. This application brings out still more clearly and fully than the schism of Micah the woeful degeneracy of the times. The Danites expressed no emotions either of surprise or of indignation at a Levite daring to assume the priestly functions, and at the existence of a rival establishment to that of Shiloh. They were ready to seek, through means of the teraphim, the information that could only be lawfully applied for through the high priest's Urim. Being thus equally erroneous in their views and habits as Micah, they show the low state of religion, and how much superstition prevailed in all parts of the land.
【삿18:1 CWC】[APPENDIX TO THE BOOK]
The chapters concluding the book, give in detail certain incidents at various periods during the preceding history, when the whole nation was disordered and corrupt, and "every man did that which was right in his own eyes."
1. A Man-made Priest, c. 17.
Chapter 17 tells of Micah who established a sanctuary of his own in imitation of the tabernacle. Of course it was contrary to the law and evinced ignorance and superstition, although the motive may not have been bad.
2. Origin of the City of Dan, c. 16.
Chapter 18 carries the story further and shows how Micah lost his tabernacle, and his priest obtained a broader field. The Danites wanted more territory and dispatched five men to search out a good place (vv. 1, 2). By accident they discovered Micah's self-made "priest" and sought counsel of him, which was as ambiguous as the heathen oracles (vv. 3-6). Nevertheless they come to a town called Laish, which seems a desirable and easy prey, and which they persuade the men of war of their tribe to advance upon (vv. 7-12). Passing through Micah's town on their errand, they impress his priest into their service (13-21), and, although Micah and his fellow townsmen pursue them, it is without avail (vv. 22-26). They overcome Laish at the end, build their city there and call it Dan. They also continue their idolatrous worship introduced by Micah's priest, down to the captivity (vv. 27-31).
3. An Awful Deed and an Awful Retribution, cc. 19-21.
Chapters 19 to 21 tell an awful story of lust, civil war and pillage fearfully illustrative of a world without God.
A Levite, after the manner of those days, married a secondary wife who proved unfaithful. Returning to her father's house at Bethlehem, he followed her to persuade her to come back (19:1-4). After a few days they start on their journey accompanied by a servant, lodging the first night at Gibeah (19:5-21). Here wicked men abuse the concubine until she dies; her husband, his servant and his host acting so discreditably as to be almost unbelievable, were it not for the sacred record of the fact (19:22-28).
Subsequently her husband took a remarkable way of obtaining redress, explicable only on the absence of regular government among the tribes. He divided the corpse into 12 pieces and distributed them with the story of the wrong among all the tribes, so that the latter came together saying: "There was no such deed done nor seen from the day that the children of Israel came up out of the land of Egypt unto this day; consider of it, take advice, and speak your minds" (19:29, 30).
The result was a conference of the tribes at Mizpeh (20:1). The phrase "unto the Lord" is possibly explained by the circumstance that Mizpeh was near Shiloh, the place of the tabernacle, and that the leaders went there to consult Jehovah, if haply He would reveal His mind at this crisis, through the high priest.
The Levite is now given an opportunity to state his case formally, in which he inferentially lodges a complaint against the whole tribe of Benjamin, as Gibeah was in its territory (20:4-7).
The decision is to punish that city (20:8-11), but first to demand that the perpetrators of the crime be surrendered for execution, which Benjamin, through pride or some other reason, refuses to do (20:12-13). Internecine war follows, in which the Benjamites are at first successful, but in the end succumb to the greater numbers and the strategy of the united tribes (20:14-48).
Humbling Experiences and Their Cause.
But why, if the united tribes asked counsel of the Lord, and acted on it were they so unsuccessful at first, and why did they suffer so heavily? Perhaps they did not seek it early enough. Their own plans seem to have been formed first, and all they sought of the Lord was to name their leader (20:18). It was their disasters that seemed to bring them to their senses and to the Lord, in real earnestness, and then the tables were turned (20:26-28).
It is notable that Phineas, the grandson of Aaron, was their high priest, indicating the time to be not long after Joshua's death.
Folly upon Folly.
All that was left of Benjamin was 600 men (20:47), for it appears that all the women and children were slain. Mow, the other tribes had sworn that they would not give their daughters to the Benjamites for wives, and the result was that the whole of that tribe was likely to become extinct -- another illustration of a rash vow.
Ashamed of their folly, they repented of it, but not to the extent of taking back their vows (21:1-8). Instead of this, having discovered that none of the men of Jabesh-gilead had gathered to the battle, they determined to destroy its inhabitants, with the exception of the unmarried women, and give the latter to the Benjamites (21:8-15).
But there were not enough of these to suffice. Therefore, they decided upon the expedient of permitting 200 more to be stolen by the Benjamites from the other tribes under the circumstances narrated in chapter 21:16-23. No wonder the book closes with the refrain heard several times before, "In those days there was no King in Israel; every man did that which was right in his own eyes."
【삿18:1 MHCC】The Danites seek to enlarge their inheritance, and rob Micah.
—The Danites determined to take Micah's gods with them. Oh the folly of these Danites! How could they imagine those gods should protect them, that could not keep themselves from being stolen! To take them for their own use, was a double crime; it showed they neither feared God, nor regarded man, but were lost both to godliness and honesty. What a folly was it for Micah to call those his gods, which he had made, when He only is to be worshipped by us as God, that made us! That is put in God's place, which we are concerned about, as if our all were bound up in it. If people will walk in the name of their false gods, much more should we love and serve the true God!
【삿18:7 JFB】7-10. the five men departed, and came to Laish—or, "Leshem" (수19:47), supposed to have been peopled by a colony of Zidonians. The place was very secluded—the soil rich in the abundance and variety of its produce, and the inhabitants, following the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, lived in their fertile and sequestered valley, according to the Zidonian style of ease and security, happy among themselves, and maintaining little or no communication with the rest of the world. The discovery of this northern paradise seemed, to the delight of the Danite spies, an accomplishment of the priest's prediction. They hastened back to inform their brethren in the south both of the value of their prize, and how easily it could be made their prey.
【삿18:11 JFB】11-21. there went from thence of the family of the Danites … six hundred men—This was the collective number of the men who were equipped with arms to carry out this expeditionary enterprise, without including the families and furniture of the emigrants (유18:21). Their journey led them through the territory of Judah, and their first halting place was "behind," that is, on the west of Kirjath-jearim, on a spot called afterwards "the camp of Dan." Prosecuting the northern route, they skirted the base of the Ephraimite hills. On approaching the neighborhood of Micah's residence, the spies having given information that a private sanctuary was kept there, the priest of which had rendered them important service when on their exploring expedition, it was unanimously agreed that both he and the furniture of the establishment would be a valuable acquisition to their proposed settlement. A plan of spoliation was immediately formed. While the armed men stood sentinels at the gates, the five spies broke into the chapel, pillaged the images and vestments, and succeeded in bribing the priest also by a tempting offer to transfer his services to their new colony. Taking charge of the ephod, the teraphim, and the graven image, he "went in the midst of the people"—a central position assigned him in the march, perhaps for his personal security; but more probably in imitation of the place appointed for the priests and the ark, in the middle of the congregated tribes, on the marches through the wilderness. This theft presents a curious medley of low morality and strong religious feeling. The Danites exemplified a deep-seated principle of our nature—that men have religious affections, which must have an object on which these may be exercised, while they are often not very discriminating in the choice of the objects. In proportion to the slender influence religion wields over the heart, the greater is the importance attached to external rites; and in the exact observance of these, the conscience is fully satisfied, and seldom or never molested by reflections on the breach of minor morals.
【삿18:22 JFB】22-26. the men that were in the houses near to Micah's house were gathered together—The robbers of the chapel being soon detected, a hot pursuit was forthwith commenced by Micah, at the head of a considerable body of followers. The readiness with which they joined in the attempt to recover the stolen articles affords a presumption that the advantages of the chapel had been open to all in the neighborhood; and the importance which Micah, like Laban, attached to his teraphim, is seen by the urgency with which he pursued the thieves, and the risk of his life in attempting to procure their restoration. Finding his party, however, not a match for the Danites, he thought it prudent to desist, well knowing the rule which was then prevalent in the land, that
【삿18:27 JFB】유18:27-29. They Win Laish.
27. they … came unto Laish … smote them—the inhabitants.
and burnt the city—"We are revolted by this inroad and massacre of a quiet and secure people. Nevertheless, if the original grant of Canaan to the Israelites gave them the warrant of a divine commission and command for this enterprise, that sanctifies all and legalizes all" [Chalmers]. This place seems to have been a dependency of Zidon, the distance of which, however, rendered it impossible to obtain aid thence in the sudden emergency.
【삿18:28 JFB】28, 29. they built a city, and … call the name of that city Dan—It was in the northern extremity of the land, and hence the origin of the phrase, "from Dan to Beer-sheba."
【삿18:30 JFB】유18:30, 31. They Set Up Idolatry.
30, 31. the children of Dan set up the graven image—Their distance secluded them from the rest of the Israelites, and doubtless this, which was their apology for not going to Shiloh, was the cause of perpetuating idolatry among them for many generations.
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.