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■ 사무엘하 5장
1. 이스라엘 모든 지파가 헤브론에 이르러 다윗에게 나아와 말하여 가로되 보소서 우리는 왕의 골육이니이다
Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron , and spake , saying , Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh .
2. 전일 곧 사울이 우리의 왕이 되었을 때에도 이스라엘을 거느려 출입하게 한 자는 왕이시었고 여호와께서도 왕에게 말씀하시기를 네가 내 백성 이스라엘의 목자가 되며 이스라엘의 주권자가 되리라 하셨나이다 하니라
Also in time past , when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel : and the Lord said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel , and thou shalt be a captain over Israel .
3. 이에 이스라엘 모든 장로가 헤브론에 이르러 왕에게 나아오매 다윗 왕이 헤브론에서 여호와 앞에서 저희와 언약을 세우매 저희가 다윗에게 기름을 부어 이스라엘 왕을 삼으니라
So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron ; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the Lord : and they anointed David king over Israel .
4. 다윗이 삼십 세에 위에 나아가서 사십 년을 다스렸으되
David was thirty years old when he began to reign , and he reigned forty years .
5. 헤브론에서 칠 년 육 개월 동안 유다를 다스렸고 예루살렘에서 삼십삼 년 동안 온 이스라엘과 유다를 다스렸더라
In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months : and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah .
6. 왕과 그 종자들이 예루살렘으로 가서 그 땅 거민 여부스 사람을 치려 하매 그 사람들이 다윗에게 말하여 가로되 네가 이리로 들어오지 못하리라 소경과 절뚝발이라도 너를 물리치리라 하니 저희 생각에는 다윗이 이리로 들어오지 못하리라 함이나
And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites , the inhabitants of the land : which spake unto David , saying , Except thou take away the blind and the lame , thou shalt not come in hither: thinking , David cannot come in hither.
7. 다윗이 시온 산성을 빼앗았으니 이는 다윗 성이더라
Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion : the same is the city of David .
8. 그 날에 다윗이 이르기를 누구든지 여부스 사람을 치거든 수구로 올라가서 다윗의 마음에 미워하는 절뚝발이와 소경을 치라 하였으므로 속담이 되어 이르기를 소경과 절뚝발이는 집에 들어오지 못하리라 하더라
And David said on that day , Whosoever getteth up to the gutter , and smiteth the Jebusites , and the lame and the blind , that are hated of David’s soul , he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said , The blind and the lame shall not come into the house .
9. 다윗이 그 산성에 거하여 다윗 성이라 이름하고 밀로에서부터 안으로 성을 둘러 쌓으니라
So David dwelt in the fort , and called it the city of David . And David built round about from Millo and inward .
10. 만군의 하나님 여호와께서 함께 계시니 다윗이 점점 강성하여 가니라
And David went on , and grew great , and the Lord God of hosts was with him.
11. 두로 왕 히람이 다윗에게 사자들과 백향목과 목수와 석수를 보내매 저희가 다윗을 위하여 집을 지으니
And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David , and cedar trees , and carpenters , and masons : and they built David an house .
12. 다윗이 여호와께서 자기를 세우사 이스라엘 왕을 삼으신 것과 그 백성 이스라엘을 위하여 그 나라를 높이신 것을 아니라
And David perceived that the Lord had established him king over Israel , and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel’s sake.
13. 다윗이 헤브론에서 올라온 후에 예루살렘에서 처첩들을 더 취하였으므로 아들과 딸들이 또 다윗에게서 나니
And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem , after he was come from Hebron : and there were yet sons and daughters born to David .
14. 예루살렘에서 그에게서 난 자의 이름은 삼무아와 소밥과 나단과 솔로몬과
And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem ; Shammua , and Shobab , and Nathan , and Solomon ,
15. 입할과 엘리수아와 네벡과 야비아와
Ibhar also, and Elishua , and Nepheg , and Japhia ,
16. 엘리사마와 엘랴다와 엘리벨렛이었더라
And Elishama , and Eliada , and Eliphalet .
17. 이스라엘이 다윗에게 기름을 부어 이스라엘 왕을 삼았다 함을 블레셋 사람이 듣고 다윗을 찾으러 다 올라오매 다윗이 듣고 요해처로 나가니라
But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel , all the Philistines came up to seek David ; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold .
18. 블레셋 사람이 이미 이르러 르바임 골짜기에 편만한지라
The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim .
19. 다윗이 여호와께 물어 가로되 내가 블레셋 사람에게로 올라가리이까 여호와께서 저희를 내 손에 붙이시겠나이까 여호와께서 다윗에게 말씀하시되 올라가라 내가 단정코 블레셋 사람을 네 손에 붙이리라 하신지라
And David enquired of the Lord , saying , Shall I go up to the Philistines ? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand ? And the Lord said unto David , Go up : for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand .
20. 다윗이 바알브라심에 이르러 거기서 저희를 치고 가로되 여호와께서 물을 흩음 같이 내 앞에서 내 대적을 흩으셨다 하므로 그곳 이름을 바알브라심이라 칭하니라
And David came to Baal–perazim , and David smote them there, and said , The Lord hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters . Therefore he called the name of that place Baal–perazim .
21. 거기서 블레셋 사람들이 그 우상을 버렸으므로 다윗과 그 종자들이 치우니라
And there they left their images , and David and his men burned them.
22. 블레셋 사람이 다시 올라와서 르바임 골짜기에 편만한지라
And the Philistines came up yet again , and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim .
23. 다윗이 여호와께 묻자온대 가라사대 올라가지 말고 저희 뒤로 돌아서 뽕나무 수풀 맞은편에서 저희를 엄습하되
And when David enquired of the Lord , he said , Thou shalt not go up ; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees .
24. 뽕나무 꼭대기에서 걸음 걷는 소리가 들리거든 곧 동작하라 그 때에 여호와가 네 앞서 나아가서 블레셋 군대를 치리라 하신지라
And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees , that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the Lord go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines .
25. 이에 다윗이 여호와의 명대로 행하여 블레셋 사람을 쳐서 게바에서 게셀까지 이르니라
And David did so , as the Lord had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하5:1 JFB】삼하5:1-5. The Tribes Anoint David King over Israel.
1, 2. Then came all the tribes of Israel—a combined deputation of the leading authorities in every tribe. [See on 대상11:1.] David possessed the first and indispensable qualification for the throne; namely, that of being an Israelite (신17:15). Of his military talent he had furnished ample proof. And the people's desire for his assumption of the government of Israel was further increased by their knowledge of the will and purpose of God, as declared by Samuel (삼상16:11-13).
【삼하5:1 CWC】1. Lamenting the Dead, c. 1.
Surely the harshness and gentleness of David are strangely blended in this chapter. That one should so lament an enemy and slay the man who professed to murder him surpasses ordinary thought; but David was built on a large mould. Of course the Amalekite lied to David, for the inspired record of the death of Saul in the preceding book must be regarded as correct.
Observe the motive governing David: "Wast thou not afraid * * * * to destroy the LORD's anointed?" (v. 14). It is his zeal for God that moves him, and furnishes the key to his whole life, notwithstanding his defects and iniquities. This is the thing which distinguishes him from Saul, and gives him the right to the peculiar appellation attached to him.
The obscurity of verse 18 is perhaps explained thus: "The use of the bow," might be rendered "the song of the bow," and doubtless refers to the song which follows (vv. 19-27), and which David composed, after the manner of the times, on the death of Saul and Jonathan. "The book of Jasher," or "the book of the upright," is mentioned in Joshua (10: 3), and seems to have been a compilation of sacred poems not otherwise known to us.
2. War Between the Houses, cc. 2:1-3:6.
The leading facts of this section are: David's anointing as king over Judah, his own tribe (v. 4), including his tactful commendation of the men of Jabesh-Gilead (vv. 4-7). David was a diplomat as well as a warrior. Second, the succession of Ishbosheth to the throne left vacant by his father, Saul (vv. 8-10). Third, the earliest battle between the opposing forces, precipitated by the failure of the duel to settle the question between them (vv. 12-17). "Hel-Kath-hazzurim," means "the field of strong men" (see the margin), appropriately named from the deed of valor wrought that day. Fourth, the remarkable armistice (vv. 18-32). Evidently if Abner had not asked for a stay, Joab would have put it into execution the next day, and for the same reason (vv. 25-28). The great value of Asahel is graphically expressed in the words "nineteen men and Asahel" (v. 30). He was more than merely a twentieth. God needs such men in His service. Can He count on us?
3. David Comes Into His Own, cc. 3:6-5:5.
The circumstances leading up to David's ascendancy are as follows:
(a) Abner's indignity to the memory of Saul, and Ishbosheth's protest against it (3:7-11);
(b) The former's league in consequence with David (vv. 12-21);
(c) The murder of Ishbosheth (4:1-12);
(d) The anointing to the office of king (5:1-5).
The intervening verses (3:22-4:27) tell their own story of jealousy and murder. It was a dastardly act of Joab, and Abner seems to have been all through the better man, although Joab was valiant and loyal to his king. Note, however, the curse David puts upon him (3:28, 29), notwithstanding that he continued to use him as his chieftain. David was a noble soul, and his sincere lament for Abner won him the hearts of Israel (vv. 31-39).
【삼하5:1 MHCC】David was anointed king a third time. His advances were gradual, that his faith might be tried, and that he might gain experience. Thus his kingdom typified that of the Messiah, which was to come to its height by degrees. Thus Jesus became our Brother, took upon him our nature, dwelt in it that he might become our Prince and Saviour: thus the humbled sinner takes encouragement from the endearing relation, applies for his salvation, submits to his authority, and craves his protection.
【삼하5:3 JFB】3. King David made a league with them in Hebron before the Lord—(see on 삼상10:17). This formal declaration of the constitution was chiefly made at the commencement of a new dynasty, or at the restoration of the royal family after a usurpation (왕하11:17), though circumstances sometimes led to its being renewed on the accession of any new sovereign (왕상12:4). It seems to have been accompanied by religious solemnities.
【삼하5:6 JFB】삼하5:6-12. He Takes Zion from the Jebusites.
6. the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites—The first expedition of David, as king of the whole country, was directed against this place, which had hitherto remained in the hands of the natives. It was strongly fortified and deemed so impregnable that the blind and lame were sent to man the battlements, in derisive mockery of the Hebrew king's attack, and to shout, "David cannot come in hither." To understand the full meaning and force of this insulting taunt, it is necessary to bear in mind the depth and steepness of the valley of Gihon, and the lofty walls of the ancient Canaanitish fortress.
【삼하5:6 MHCC】The enemies of God's people are often very confident of their own strength, and most secure when their day to fall draws nigh. But the pride and insolence of the Jebusites animated David, and the Lord God of hosts was with him. Thus in the day of God's power, Satan's strong-hold, the human heart, is changed into a habitation of God through the Spirit, and into a throne on which the Son of David rules, and brings every thought into obedience to himself. May He thus come, and claim, and cleanse, each of our hearts; and, destroying every idol, may he reign there for ever!
【삼하5:7 JFB】7. the stronghold of Zion—Whether Zion be the southwestern hill commonly so-called, or the peak now level on the north of the temple mount, it is the towering height which catches the eye from every quarter—"the hill fort," "the rocky hold" of Jerusalem.
【삼하5:8 JFB】8. Whosoever getteth up to the gutter—This is thought by some to mean a subterranean passage; by others a spout through which water was poured upon the fire which the besiegers often applied to the woodwork at the gateways, and by the projections of which a skilful climber might make his ascent good; a third class render the words, "whosoever dasheth them against the precipice" (대상11:6).
【삼하5:9 JFB】9. David dwelt in the fort, &c.—Having taken it by storm, he changed its name to "the city of David," to signify the importance of the conquest, and to perpetuate the memory of the event.
David built round about from Millo and inward—probably a row of stone bastions placed on the northern side of Mount Zion, and built by David to secure himself on that side from the Jebusites, who still lived in the lower part of the city. The house of Millo was perhaps the principal corner tower of that fortified wall.
【삼하5:11 JFB】11, 12. Hiram … sent carpenters, and masons—The influx of Tyrian architects and mechanics affords a clear evidence of the low state to which, through the disorders of long-continued war, the better class of artisans had declined in Israel.
【삼하5:11 MHCC】David's house was not the worse, nor the less fit to be dedicated to God, for being built by the sons of the stranger. It is prophesied of the gospel church, The sons of strangers shall build up thy walls, and their kings shall minister unto thee, 사60:10. David's government was rooted and built up. David was established king; so is the Son of David, and all who, through him, are made to our God kings and priests. Never had the nation of Israel appeared so great as it began now to be. Many have the favour and love of God, yet do not perceive it, and so want the comfort of it; but to be exalted to that, and to perceive it, is happiness. David owned it was for his people's sake God had done great things for him; that he might be a blessing to them, and that they might be happy under him.
【삼하5:13 JFB】삼하5:13-16. Eleven Sons Born to Him.
13. David took him more concubines and wives—In this conduct David transgressed an express law, which forbade the king of Israel to multiply wives unto himself (신17:17).
【삼하5:17 JFB】삼하5:17-25. He Smites the Philistines.
17. when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel—During the civil war between the house of Saul and David, those restless neighbors had remained quiet spectators of the contest. But now, jealous of David, they resolved to attack him before his government was fully established.
【삼하5:17 MHCC】The Philistines considered not that David had the presence of God with him, which Saul had forfeited and lost. The kingdom of the Messiah, as soon as it was set up in the world, was thus attacked by the powers of darkness. The heathen raged, and the kings of the earth set themselves to oppose it; but all in vain, 시2:1, &c. The destruction will turn, as this did, upon Satan's own kingdom. David owns dependence on God for victory; and refers himself to the good pleasure of God, Wilt thou do it? The assurance God has given us of victory over our spiritual enemies, should encourage us in our spiritual conflicts. David waited till God moved; he stirred then, but not till then. He was trained up in dependence on God and his providence. God performed his promise, and David failed not to improve his advantages. When the kingdom of the Messiah was to be set up, the apostles, who were to beat down the devil's kingdom, must not attempt any thing till they received the promise of the Spirit; who came with a sound from heaven, as of a rushing, mighty wind, 행2:2.
【삼하5:18 JFB】18. valley of Rephaim—that is, "of giants," a broad and fertile plain, which descends gradually from the central mountains towards the northwest. It was the route by which they marched against Jerusalem. The "hold" to which David went down "was some fortified place where he might oppose the progress of the invaders," and where he signally defeated them.
【삼하5:21 JFB】21. there they left their images—probably their "lares" or household deities, which they had brought into the field to fight for them. They were burnt as ordained by law (신7:5).
【삼하5:22 JFB】22. the Philistines came up yet again—The next year they renewed their hostile attempt with a larger force, but God manifestly interposed in David's favor.
【삼하5:24 JFB】24. the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees—now generally thought not to be mulberry trees, but some other tree, most probably the poplar, which delights in moist situations, and the leaves of which are rustled by the slightest movement of the air [Royle].
※ 일러두기
웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.