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■ 사무엘하 3장
1. 사울의 집과 다윗의 집 사이에 전쟁이 오래매 다윗은 점점 강하여 가고 사울의 집은 점점 약하여 가니라
Now there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David : but David waxed stronger and stronger , and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker .
2. 다윗이 헤브론에서 아들들을 낳았으되 맏아들은 암논이라 이스르엘 여인 아히노암의 소생이요
And unto David were sons born in Hebron : and his firstborn was Amnon , of Ahinoam the Jezreelitess ;
3. 둘째는 길르압이라 갈멜 사람 나발의 아내 되었던 아비가일의 소생이요 셋째는 압살롬이라 그술 왕 달매의 딸 마아가의 아들이요
And his second , Chileab , of Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite ; and the third , Absalom the son of Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur ;
4. 넷째는 아도니야라 학깃의 아들이요 다섯째는 스바댜라 아비달의 아들이요
And the fourth , Adonijah the son of Haggith ; and the fifth , Shephatiah the son of Abital ;
5. 여섯째는 이드르암이라 다윗의 아내 에글라의 소생이니 이는 다윗이 헤브론에서 낳은 자들이더라
And the sixth , Ithream , by Eglah David’s wife . These were born to David in Hebron .
6. 사울의 집과 다윗의 집 사이에 전쟁이 있는 동안에 아브넬이 사울의 집에서 점점 권세를 잡으니라
And it came to pass, while there was war between the house of Saul and the house of David , that Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul .
7. 사울에게 첩이 있었으니 이름은 리스바요 아야의 딸이더라 이스보셋이 아브넬에게 이르되 네가 어찌하여 내 아버지의 첩을 통간하였느냐
And Saul had a concubine , whose name was Rizpah , the daughter of Aiah : and Ish–bosheth said to Abner , Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father’s concubine ?
8. 아브넬이 이스보셋의 말을 매우 분히 여겨 가로되 내가 유다의 개 대강이뇨 내가 오늘날 당신의 아버지 사울의 집과 그 형제와 그 친구에게 은혜를 베풀어서 당신을 다윗의 손에 내어주지 아니하였거늘 당신이 오늘날 이 여인에게 관한 허물을 내게 돌리는도다
Then was Abner very wroth for the words of Ish–bosheth , and said , Am I a dog’s head , which against Judah do shew kindness this day unto the house of Saul thy father , to his brethren , and to his friends , and have not delivered thee into the hand of David , that thou chargest me to day with a fault concerning this woman ?
9. 여호와께서 다윗에게 맹세하신 대로 내가 이루게 아니하면 하나님이 아브넬에게 벌 위에 벌을 내리심이 마땅하니라
So do God to Abner , and more also , except, as the Lord hath sworn to David , even so I do to him;
10. 그 맹세는 곧 이 나라를 사울의 집에서 다윗에게 옮겨서 그 위를 단에서 브엘세바까지 이스라엘과 유다에 세우리라 하신 것이니라 하매
To translate the kingdom from the house of Saul , and to set up the throne of David over Israel and over Judah , from Dan even to Beer–sheba .
11. 이스보셋이 아브넬을 두려워하여 감히 한 말도 대답지 못하니라
And he could not answer Abner a word again, because he feared him.
12. 아브넬이 자기를 대신하여 사자들을 다윗에게 보내어 가로되 이 땅이 뉘 것이니이까 또 가로되 당신은 나로 더불어 언약하사이다 내 손이 당신을 도와 온 이스라엘로 당신에게 돌아가게 하리이다
And Abner sent messengers to David on his behalf, saying , Whose is the land ? saying also, Make thy league with me, and, behold, my hand shall be with thee, to bring about all Israel unto thee.
13. 다윗이 가로되 좋다 내가 너와 언약하려니와 내가 네게 한가지 일을 요구하노니 나를 보러 올 때에 위선 사울의 딸 미갈을 데리고 오라 그렇지 않으면 내 얼굴을 보지 못하리라 하고
And he said , Well ; I will make a league with thee: but one thing I require of thee, that is , Thou shalt not see my face , except thou first bring Michal Saul’s daughter , when thou comest to see my face .
14. 사울의 아들 이스보셋에게 사자들을 보내어 이르되 내 처 미갈을 내게로 돌리라 저는 내가 전에 블레셋 사람의 양피 일백으로 정혼한 자니라
And David sent messengers to Ish–bosheth Saul’s son , saying , Deliver me my wife Michal , which I espoused to me for an hundred foreskins of the Philistines .
15. 이스보셋이 보내어 그 남편 라이스의 아들 발디엘에게서 취하매
And Ish–bosheth sent , and took her from her husband , even from Phaltiel the son of Laish .
16. 그 남편이 저와 함께 오되 울며 바후림까지 따라왔더니 아브넬이 저에게 돌아가라 하매 돌아가니라
And her husband went with her along weeping behind her to Bahurim . Then said Abner unto him, Go , return . And he returned .
17. 아브넬이 이스라엘 장로들에게 말하여 가로되 너희가 여러번 다윗으로 너희 임금 삼기를 구하였으니
And Abner had communication with the elders of Israel , saying , Ye sought for David in times past to be king over you:
18. 이제 그대로 하라 여호와께서 이미 다윗에 대하여 말씀하시기를 내가 내 종 다윗의 손으로 내 백성 이스라엘을 구원하여 블레셋 사람의 손과 모든 대적의 손에서 벗어나게 하리라 하셨음이니라 하고
Now then do it: for the Lord hath spoken of David , saying , By the hand of my servant David I will save my people Israel out of the hand of the Philistines , and out of the hand of all their enemies .
19. 아브넬이 또 베냐민 사람의 귀에 말하고 이스라엘과 베냐민의 온 집이 선히 여기는 모든 것을 다윗의 귀에 고하려고 헤브론으로 가니라
And Abner also spake in the ears of Benjamin : and Abner went also to speak in the ears of David in Hebron all that seemed good to Israel , and that seemed good to the whole house of Benjamin .
20. 아브넬이 종자 이십 인으로 더불어 헤브론에 이르러 다윗에게 나아가니 다윗이 아브넬과 그 함께 한 사람을 위하여 잔치를 배설하였더라
So Abner came to David to Hebron , and twenty men with him. And David made Abner and the men that were with him a feast .
21. 아브넬이 다윗에게 고하되 내가 일어나 가서 온 이스라엘 무리를 내 주 왕의 앞에 모아 더불어 언약하게 하고 마음의 원하시는 대로 모든 것을 다스리시게 하리이다 이에 다윗이 아브넬을 보내매 저가 평안히 가니라
And Abner said unto David , I will arise and go , and will gather all Israel unto my lord the king , that they may make a league with thee, and that thou mayest reign over all that thine heart desireth . And David sent Abner away ; and he went in peace .
22. 다윗의 신복들과 요압이 적군을 치고 크게 노략한 물건을 가지고 돌아오니 아브넬은 이미 보냄을 받아 평안히 갔고 다윗과 함께 헤브론에 있지 아니한 때라
And, behold, the servants of David and Joab came from pursuing a troop , and brought in a great spoil with them: but Abner was not with David in Hebron ; for he had sent him away , and he was gone in peace .
23. 요압과 그 함께 한 모든 군사가 돌아오매 혹이 요압에게 고하여 가로되 넬의 아들 아브넬이 왕에게 왔더니 왕이 보내매 저가 평안히 갔나이다
When Joab and all the host that was with him were come , they told Joab , saying , Abner the son of Ner came to the king , and he hath sent him away , and he is gone in peace .
24. 요압이 왕에게 나아가 가로되 어찌 하심이니이까 아브넬이 왕에게 나아왔거늘 어찌하여 저를 보내어 잘 가게 하셨나이까
Then Joab came to the king , and said , What hast thou done ? behold, Abner came unto thee; why is it that thou hast sent him away , and he is quite gone ?
25. 왕도 아시려니와 넬의 아들 아브넬의 온 것은 왕을 속임이라 왕의 출입하는 것을 알고 모든 하시는 것을 알려 함이니이다 하고
Thou knowest Abner the son of Ner , that he came to deceive thee, and to know thy going out and thy coming in , and to know all that thou doest .
26. 이에 다윗에게서 나와서 사자들을 보내어 아브넬을 쫓아가게 하였더니 시라 우물가에서 저를 데리고 돌아왔으나 다윗은 알지 못하였더라
And when Joab was come out from David , he sent messengers after Abner , which brought him again from the well of Sirah : but David knew it not.
27. 아브넬이 헤브론으로 돌아오매 요압이 더불어 종용히 말하려는 듯이 저를 데리고 성문으로 들어가서 거기서 배를 찔러 죽이니 이는 자기의 동생 아사헬의 피를 인함이더라
And when Abner was returned to Hebron , Joab took him aside in the gate to speak with him quietly , and smote him there under the fifth rib, that he died , for the blood of Asahel his brother .
28. 그 후에 다윗이 듣고 이르되 넬의 아들 아브넬의 피에 대하여 나와 내 나라는 여호와 앞에 영원히 무죄하니
And afterward when David heard it, he said , I and my kingdom are guiltless before the Lord for ever from the blood of Abner the son of Ner :
29. 그 죄가 요압의 머리와 그 아비의 온 집으로 돌아갈지어다 또 요압의 집에서 백탁병자나 문둥병자나 지팡이를 의지하는 자나 칼에 죽는 자나 양식이 핍절한 자가 끊어지지 아니할지로다 하니라
Let it rest on the head of Joab , and on all his father’s house ; and let there not fail from the house of Joab one that hath an issue , or that is a leper , or that leaneth on a staff , or that falleth on the sword , or that lacketh bread .
30. 요압과 그 동생 아비새가 아브넬을 죽인 것은 저가 기브온 전쟁에서 자기 동생 아사헬을 죽인 까닭이었더라
So Joab and Abishai his brother slew Abner , because he had slain their brother Asahel at Gibeon in the battle .
31. 다윗이 요압과 및 자기와 함께 있는 모든 백성에게 이르되 너희는 옷을 찢고 굵은 베를 띠고 아브넬 앞에서 애통하라 하니라 다윗 왕이 상여를 따라 가서
And David said to Joab , and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes , and gird you with sackcloth , and mourn before Abner . And king David himself followed the bier .
32. 아브넬을 헤브론에 장사하고 아브넬의 무덤에서 소리를 높여 울고 백성도 다 우니라
And they buried Abner in Hebron : and the king lifted up his voice , and wept at the grave of Abner ; and all the people wept .
33. 왕이 아브넬을 위하여 애가를 지어 가로되 아브넬의 죽음이 어찌하여 미련한 자의 죽음 같은고
And the king lamented over Abner , and said , Died Abner as a fool dieth ?
34. 네 손이 결박되지 아니하였고 네 발이 착고에 채이지 아니하였거늘 불의한 자식의 앞에 엎드러짐 같이 네가 엎드러졌도다 하매 온 백성이 다시 그를 슬퍼하여 우니라
Thy hands were not bound , nor thy feet put into fetters : as a man falleth before wicked men , so fellest thou. And all the people wept again over him.
35. 석양에 뭇 백성이 나아와 다윗에게 음식을 권하니 다윗이 맹세하여 가로되 내가 해지기 전에 떡이나 다른 것을 맛보면 하나님이 내게 벌 위에 벌을 내리심이 마땅하니라 하매
And when all the people came to cause David to eat meat while it was yet day , David sware , saying , So do God to me, and more also , if I taste bread , or ought else, till the sun be down .
36. 온 백성이 보고 기뻐하며 왕이 무슨 일을 하든지 무리가 다 기뻐하므로
And all the people took notice of it, and it pleased them: as whatsoever the king did pleased all the people .
37. 이 날에야 온 백성과 온 이스라엘이 넬의 아들 아브넬을 죽인 것이 왕의 한 바가 아닌 줄을 아니라
For all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner .
38. 왕이 그 신복에게 이르되 오늘 이스라엘의 방백이요 또는 대인이 죽은 것을 알지 못하느냐
And the king said unto his servants , Know ye not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel ?
39. 내가 기름 부음을 받은 왕이 되었으나 오늘날 약하여서 스루야의 아들인 이 사람들을 제어하기가 너무 어려우니 여호와는 악행한 자에게 그 악한 대로 갚으실지로다 하니라
And I am this day weak , though anointed king ; and these men the sons of Zeruiah be too hard for me: the Lord shall reward the doer of evil according to his wickedness .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하3:1 JFB】삼하3:1-5. Six Sons Born to David.
1. there was long war between the house of Saul and the house of David—The rival parties had varying success, but David's interest steadily increased; less, however, by the fortunes of war, than a growing adherence to him as the divinely designated king.
【삼하3:1 CWC】1. Lamenting the Dead, c. 1.
Surely the harshness and gentleness of David are strangely blended in this chapter. That one should so lament an enemy and slay the man who professed to murder him surpasses ordinary thought; but David was built on a large mould. Of course the Amalekite lied to David, for the inspired record of the death of Saul in the preceding book must be regarded as correct.
Observe the motive governing David: "Wast thou not afraid * * * * to destroy the LORD's anointed?" (v. 14). It is his zeal for God that moves him, and furnishes the key to his whole life, notwithstanding his defects and iniquities. This is the thing which distinguishes him from Saul, and gives him the right to the peculiar appellation attached to him.
The obscurity of verse 18 is perhaps explained thus: "The use of the bow," might be rendered "the song of the bow," and doubtless refers to the song which follows (vv. 19-27), and which David composed, after the manner of the times, on the death of Saul and Jonathan. "The book of Jasher," or "the book of the upright," is mentioned in Joshua (10: 3), and seems to have been a compilation of sacred poems not otherwise known to us.
2. War Between the Houses, cc. 2:1-3:6.
The leading facts of this section are: David's anointing as king over Judah, his own tribe (v. 4), including his tactful commendation of the men of Jabesh-Gilead (vv. 4-7). David was a diplomat as well as a warrior. Second, the succession of Ishbosheth to the throne left vacant by his father, Saul (vv. 8-10). Third, the earliest battle between the opposing forces, precipitated by the failure of the duel to settle the question between them (vv. 12-17). "Hel-Kath-hazzurim," means "the field of strong men" (see the margin), appropriately named from the deed of valor wrought that day. Fourth, the remarkable armistice (vv. 18-32). Evidently if Abner had not asked for a stay, Joab would have put it into execution the next day, and for the same reason (vv. 25-28). The great value of Asahel is graphically expressed in the words "nineteen men and Asahel" (v. 30). He was more than merely a twentieth. God needs such men in His service. Can He count on us?
3. David Comes Into His Own, cc. 3:6-5:5.
The circumstances leading up to David's ascendancy are as follows:
(a) Abner's indignity to the memory of Saul, and Ishbosheth's protest against it (3:7-11);
(b) The former's league in consequence with David (vv. 12-21);
(c) The murder of Ishbosheth (4:1-12);
(d) The anointing to the office of king (5:1-5).
The intervening verses (3:22-4:27) tell their own story of jealousy and murder. It was a dastardly act of Joab, and Abner seems to have been all through the better man, although Joab was valiant and loyal to his king. Note, however, the curse David puts upon him (3:28, 29), notwithstanding that he continued to use him as his chieftain. David was a noble soul, and his sincere lament for Abner won him the hearts of Israel (vv. 31-39).
【삼하3:1 MHCC】The length of this war tried the faith and patience of David, and made his settlement at last the more welcome. The contest between grace and corruption in the hearts of believers, may fitly be compared to this warfare. There is a long war between them, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; but as the work of holiness is carried on, corruption, like the house of Saul, grows weaker and weaker; while grace, like the house of David, grows stronger and stronger.
【삼하3:2 JFB】2. unto David were sons born in Hebron—The six sons mentioned had all different mothers.
【삼하3:3 JFB】3. Chileab—("his father's picture")—called also Daniel (대상3:1).
Maacah the daughter of Talmai king of Geshur—a region in Syria, north of Israel. This marriage seems to have been a political match, made by David, with a view to strengthen himself against Ish-bosheth's party, by the aid of a powerful friend and ally in the north. Piety was made to yield to policy, and the bitter fruits of this alliance with a heathen prince he reaped in the life of the turbulent Absalom.
【삼하3:5 JFB】5. Eglah David's wife—This addition has led many to think that Eglah was another name for Michal, the first and proper wife, who, though she had no family after her insolent ridicule of David (삼하6:23), might have had a child before.
【삼하3:6 JFB】삼하3:6-12. Abner Revolts to David.
6-11. Abner made himself strong for the house of Saul—In the East, the wives and concubines of a king are the property of his successor to this extent, that for a private person to aspire to marry one of them would be considered a virtual advance of pretensions to the crown (see 왕상2:17). It is not clear whether the accusation against Abner was well or ill founded. But he resented the charge as an indignity, and, impelled by revenge, determined to transfer all the weight of his influence to the opposite party. He evidently set a full value on his services, and seems to have lorded it over his weak nephew in a haughty, overbearing manner.
【삼하3:7 MHCC】Many, like Abner, are not above committing base crimes, who are too proud to bear reproof, or even the suspicion of being guilty. While men go on in sin, and apparently without concern, they are often conscious that they are fighting against God. Many mean to serve their own purposes; and will betray those who trust them, when they can get any advantage. Yet the Lord serves his own designs, even by those who are thus actuated by revenge, ambition, or lust; but as they intend not to honour him, in the end they will be thrown aside with contempt. There was real generosity both to Michal and to the memory of Saul, in David's receiving the former, remembering probably how once he owed his life to her affection, and knowing that she was separated from him partly by her father's authority. Let no man set his heart on that which he is not entitled to. If any disagreement has separated husband and wife, as they expect the blessing of God, let them be reconciled, and live together in love.
【삼하3:12 JFB】12, 13. Abner sent messengers to David—Though his language implied a secret conviction, that in supporting Ish-bosheth he had been laboring to frustrate the divine purpose of conferring the sovereignty of the kingdom on David, this acknowledgment was no justification either of the measure he was now adopting, or of the motives that prompted it. Nor does it seem possible to uphold the full integrity and honor of David's conduct in entertaining his secret overtures for undermining Ish-bosheth, except we take into account the divine promise of the kingdom, and his belief that the secession of Abner was a means designed by Providence for accomplishing it. The demand for the restoration of his wife Michal was perfectly fair; but David's insisting on it at that particular moment, as an indispensable condition of his entering into any treaty with Abner, seems to have proceeded not so much from a lingering attachment as from an expectation that his possession of her would incline some adherents of the house of Saul to be favorable to his cause.
【삼하3:17 JFB】17-21. Abner had communication with the elders of Israel—He spoke the truth in impressing their minds with the well-known fact of David's divine designation to the kingdom. But he acted a base and hypocritical part in pretending that his present movement was prompted by religious motives, when it sprang entirely from malice and revenge against Ish-bosheth. The particular appeal of the Benjamites was a necessary policy; their tribe enjoyed the honor of giving birth to the royal dynasty of Saul; they would naturally be disinclined to lose that prestige. They were, besides, a determined people, whose contiguity to Judah might render them troublesome and dangerous. The enlistment of their interest, therefore, in the scheme, would smooth the way for the adhesion of the other tribes; and Abner enjoyed the most convenient opportunity of using his great influence in gaining over that tribe while escorting Michal to David with a suitable equipage. The mission enabled him to cover his treacherous designs against his master—to draw the attention of the elders and people to David as uniting in himself the double recommendation of being the nominee of Jehovah, no less than a connection of the royal house of Saul, and, without suspicion of any dishonorable motives, to advocate policy of terminating the civil discord, by bestowing the sovereignty on the husband of Michal. In the same character of public ambassador, he was received and feted by David; and while, ostensibly, the restoration of Michal was the sole object of his visit, he busily employed himself in making private overtures to David for bringing over to his cause those tribes which he had artfully seduced. Abner pursued a course unworthy of an honorable man and though his offer was accepted by David, the guilt and infamy of the transaction were exclusively his.
【삼하3:22 JFB】삼하3:22-30. Joab Kills Abner.
【삼하3:22 MHCC】Judgments are prepared for such scorners as Abner; but Joab, in what he did, acted wickedly. David laid Abner's murder deeply to heart, and in many ways expressed his detestation of it. The guilt of blood brings a curse upon families: if men do not avenge it, God will. It is a sad thing to die like a fool, as they do that any way shorten their own days, and those who make no provision for another world. Who would be fond of power, when a man may have the name of it, and must be accountable for it, yet is hampered in the use of it? David ought to have done his duty, and then trusted God with the issue. Carnal policy spared Joab. The Son of David may long delay, but never fails to punish impenitent sinners. He who now reigns upon the throne of David, has a kingdom of a nobler kind. Whatever He doeth, is noticed by all his willing people, and is pleasing to them.
【삼하3:24 JFB】24-27. Joab came to the king, and said, What hast thou done?—Joab's knowledge of Abner's wily character might have led him to doubt the sincerity of that person's proposals and to disapprove the policy of relying on his fidelity. But undoubtedly there were other reasons of a private and personal nature which made Joab displeased and alarmed by the reception given to Abner. The military talents of that general, his popularity with the army, his influence throughout the nation, rendered him a formidable rival. In the event of his overtures being carried out, the important service of bringing over all the other tribes to the king of Judah would establish so strong a claim on the gratitude of David, that his accession would inevitably raise a serious obstacle to the ambition of Joab. To these considerations was added the remembrance of the blood feud that existed between them since the death of his brother Asahel (삼하2:23). Determined, therefore, to get Abner out of the way, Joab feigned some reason, probably in the king's name, for recalling him, and, going out to meet him, stabbed him unawares; not within Hebron, for it was a city of refuge, but at a noted well in the neighborhood.
【삼하3:31 JFB】31. David said to Joab, and to all the people that were with him, Rend your clothes, and gird you with sackcloth—David's sorrow was sincere and profound, and he took occasion to give it public expression by the funeral honors he appointed for Abner.
King David himself followed the bier—a sort of wooden frame, partly resembling a coffin, and partly a hand-barrow.
【삼하3:33 JFB】33, 34. the king lamented over Abner—This brief elegy is an effusion of indignation as much as of sorrow. As Abner had stabbed Asahel in open war [삼하2:23], Joab had not the right of the Goel. Besides, he had adopted a lawless and execrable method of obtaining satisfaction (see on 왕상2:5). The deed was an insult to the authority, as well as most damaging to the prospects of the king. But David's feelings and conduct on hearing of the death, together with the whole character and accompaniments of the funeral solemnity, tended not only to remove all suspicion of guilt from him, but even to turn the tide of popular opinion in his favor, and to pave the way for his reigning over all the tribes more honorably than by the treacherous negotiations of Abner.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.