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■ 사무엘하 24장
1. 여호와께서 다시 이스라엘을 향하여 진노하사 저희를 치시려고 다윗을 감동시키사 가서 이스라엘과 유다의 인구를 조사하라 하신지라
And again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel , and he moved David against them to say , Go , number Israel and Judah .
2. 왕이 이에 그 곁에 있는 군대 장관 요압에게 이르되 너는 이스라엘 모든 지파 가운데로 다니며 단에서부터 브엘세바까지 인구를 조사하여 그 도수를 내게 알게 하라
For the king said to Joab the captain of the host , which was with him, Go now through all the tribes of Israel , from Dan even to Beer–sheba , and number ye the people , that I may know the number of the people .
3. 요압이 왕께 고하되 이 백성은 얼마든지 왕의 하나님 여호와께서 백 배나 더하게 하사 내 주 왕의 눈으로 보게 하시기를 원하나이다 그런데 내 주 왕은 어찌하여 이런 일을 기뻐하시나이까 하되
And Joab said unto the king , Now the Lord thy God add unto the people , how many soever they be, an hundredfold , and that the eyes of my lord the king may see it: but why doth my lord the king delight in this thing ?
4. 왕의 명령이 요압과 군대 장관들을 재촉한지라 요압과 장관들이 이스라엘 인구를 조사하려고 왕의 앞에서 물러나서
Notwithstanding the king’s word prevailed against Joab , and against the captains of the host . And Joab and the captains of the host went out from the presence of the king , to number the people of Israel .
5. 요단을 건너 갓 골짜기 가운데 성읍 아로엘 우편 곧 야셀 맞은편에 이르러 장막을 치고
And they passed over Jordan , and pitched in Aroer , on the right side of the city that lieth in the midst of the river of Gad , and toward Jazer :
6. 길르앗에 이르고 닷딤홋시 땅에 이르고 또 다냐안에 이르러서는 시돈으로 돌아서
Then they came to Gilead , and to the land of Tahtim–hodshi ; and they came to Dan–jaan , and about to Zidon ,
7. 두로 견고한 성에 이르고 히위 사람과 가나안 사람의 모든 성읍에 이르고 유다 남편으로 나와서 브엘세바에 이르니라
And came to the strong hold of Tyre , and to all the cities of the Hivites , and of the Canaanites : and they went out to the south of Judah , even to Beer–sheba .
8. 저희 무리가 국중을 두루 돌아 아홉 달 스무 날만에 예루살렘에 이르러
So when they had gone through all the land , they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days .
9. 요압이 인구 도수를 왕께 고하니 곧 이스라엘에서 칼을 빼는 담대한 자가 팔십만이요 유다 사람이 오십만이었더라
And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king : and there were in Israel eight hundred thousand valiant men that drew the sword ; and the men of Judah were five hundred thousand men .
10. 다윗이 인구 수를 조사한 후에 그 마음에 자책하고 여호와께 아뢰되 내가 이 일을 행함으로 큰 죄를 범하였나이다 여호와여 이제 간구하옵나니 종의 죄를 사하여 주옵소서 내가 심히 미련하게 행하였나이다 하니라
And David’s heart smote him after that he had numbered the people . And David said unto the Lord , I have sinned greatly in that I have done : and now, I beseech thee, O Lord , take away the iniquity of thy servant ; for I have done very foolishly .
11. 다윗이 아침에 일어날 때에 여호와의 말씀이 다윗의 선견자 된 선지자 갓에게 임하여 가라사대
For when David was up in the morning , the word of the Lord came unto the prophet Gad , David’s seer , saying ,
12. 가서 다윗에게 말하기를 여호와의 말씀에 내가 네게 세 가지를 보이노니 너는 그 중에서 하나를 택하라 내가 그것을 네게 행하리라 하셨다 하라
Go and say unto David , Thus saith the Lord , I offer thee three things; choose thee one of them, that I may do it unto thee .
13. 갓이 다윗에게 이르러 고하여 가로되 왕의 땅에 칠 년 기근이 있을 것이니이까 혹시 왕이 왕의 대적에게 쫓겨 석 달을 그 앞에서 도망하실 것이니이까 혹시 왕의 땅에 삼 일 동안 온역이 있을 것이니이까 왕은 생각하여 보고 나를 보내신 이에게 대답하게 하소서
So Gad came to David , and told him, and said unto him, Shall seven years of famine come unto thee in thy land ? or wilt thou flee three months before thine enemies , while they pursue thee? or that there be three days’ pestilence in thy land ? now advise , and see what answer I shall return to him that sent me.
14. 다윗이 갓에게 이르되 내가 곤경에 있도다 여호와께서는 긍휼이 크시니 우리가 여호와의 손에 빠지고 내가 사람의 손에 빠지지 않기를 원하노라
And David said unto Gad , I am in a great strait : let us fall now into the hand of the Lord ; for his mercies are great : and let me not fall into the hand of man .
15. 이에 여호와께서 그 아침부터 정하신 때까지 온역을 이스라엘에게 내리시니 단부터 브엘세바까지 백성의 죽은 자가 칠만 인이라
So the Lord sent a pestilence upon Israel from the morning even to the time appointed : and there died of the people from Dan even to Beer–sheba seventy thousand men .
16. 천사가 예루살렘을 향하여 그 손을 들어 멸하려 하더니 여호와께서 이 재앙 내림을 뉘우치사 백성을 멸하는 천사에게 이르시되 족하다 이제는 네 손을 거두라 하시니 때에 여호와의 사자가 여부스 사람 아라우나의 타작 마당 곁에 있는지라
And when the angel stretched out his hand upon Jerusalem to destroy it, the Lord repented him of the evil , and said to the angel that destroyed the people , It is enough : stay now thine hand . And the angel of the Lord was by the threshingplace of Araunah the Jebusite .
17. 다윗이 백성을 치는 천사를 보고 곧 여호와께 아뢰어 가로되 나는 범죄하였고 악을 행하였삽거니와 이 양무리는 무엇을 행하였나이까 청컨대 주의 손으로 나와 내 아비의 집을 치소서 하니라
And David spake unto the Lord when he saw the angel that smote the people , and said , Lo, I have sinned , and I have done wickedly : but these sheep , what have they done ? let thine hand , I pray thee, be against me, and against my father’s house .
18. 이 날에 갓이 다윗에게 이르러 고하되 올라가서 여부스 사람 아라우나의 타작마당에서 여호와를 위하여 단을 쌓으소서 하매
And Gad came that day to David , and said unto him, Go up , rear an altar unto the Lord in the threshingfloor of Araunah the Jebusite .
19. 다윗이 여호와의 명하신 바 갓의 말대로 올라가니라
And David , according to the saying of Gad , went up as the Lord commanded .
20. 아라우나가 바라보다가 왕과 그 신복들이 자기를 향하여 옴을 보고 나가서 왕의 앞에서 얼굴을 땅에 대고 절하며
And Araunah looked , and saw the king and his servants coming on toward him: and Araunah went out , and bowed himself before the king on his face upon the ground .
21. 가로되 어찌하여 내 주 왕께서 종에게 임하시나이까 다윗이 가로되 네게서 타작마당을 사서 여호와께 단을 쌓아 백성에게 내리는 재앙을 그치게 하려 함이로라
And Araunah said , Wherefore is my lord the king come to his servant ? And David said , To buy the threshingfloor of thee, to build an altar unto the Lord , that the plague may be stayed from the people .
22. 아라우나가 다윗에게 고하되 원컨대 내 주 왕은 좋게 여기시는 대로 취하여 드리소서 번제에 대하여는 소가 있고 땔 나무에 대하여는 마당질하는 제구와 소의 멍에가 있나이다
And Araunah said unto David , Let my lord the king take and offer up what seemeth good unto him : behold , here be oxen for burnt sacrifice , and threshing instruments and other instruments of the oxen for wood .
23. 왕이여 아라우나가 이것을 다 왕께 드리나이다 하고 또 왕께 고하되 왕의 하나님 여호와께서 왕을 기쁘게 받으시기를 원하나이다
All these things did Araunah , as a king , give unto the king . And Araunah said unto the king , The Lord thy God accept thee.
24. 왕이 아라우나에게 이르되 그렇지 아니하다 내가 값을 주고 네게서 사리라 값 없이는 내 하나님 여호와께 번제를 드리지 아니하리라 하고 은 오십 세겔로 타작마당과 소를 사고
And the king said unto Araunah , Nay; but I will surely buy it of thee at a price : neither will I offer burnt offerings unto the Lord my God of that which doth cost me nothing . So David bought the threshingfloor and the oxen for fifty shekels of silver .
25. 그곳에서 여호와를 위하여 단을 쌓고 번제와 화목제를 드렸더니 이에 여호와께서 그 땅을 위하여 기도를 들으시매 이스라엘에게 내리는 재앙이 그쳤더라
And David built there an altar unto the Lord , and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings . So the Lord was intreated for the land , and the plague was stayed from Israel .
■ 주석 보기
【삼하24:1 JFB】삼하24:1-9. David Numbers the People.
1-4. again the anger of the Lord was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah—"Again" carries us back to the former tokens of His wrath in the three years' famine [삼하21:1]. God, though He cannot tempt any man (약1:13), is frequently described in Scripture as doing what He merely permits to be done; and so, in this case, He permitted Satan to tempt David. Satan was the active mover, while God only withdrew His supporting grace, and the great tempter prevailed against the king. (See 출7:13; 삼상26:19; 삼하16:10; 시105:25; 사7:17, &c.). The order was given to Joab, who, though not generally restrained by religious scruples, did not fail to present, in strong terms (see on 대상21:3), the sin and danger of this measure. He used every argument to dissuade the king from his purpose. The sacred history has not mentioned the objections which he and other distinguished officers urged against it in the council of David. But it expressly states that they were all overruled by the inflexible resolution of the king.
【삼하24:1 CWC】[MINGLED EXPERIENCES]
1. The Grateful Retrospect, c. 22.
The title of this section is that which Spurgeon gives the psalm which constitutes it. The psalm is numbered 18 in the book of Psalms, and will be found to contain variations in the text. A common explanation of these is that David sung it, or caused it to be sung, often, and hence revised it for final use in the tabernacle.
The second and forty-ninth verses of the psalm are quoted in the New Testament as the words of Jesus Christ (롬15:9 and 히2:13), which gives it a right to be classed as a Messianic psalm. Such psalms are those in which the psalmist is either referring to the Messiah, or in which the latter, by His Spirit, is speaking in the first person through the psalmist. There is a sense, therefore, in which all through this psalm we may think of Jesus as referring to His own sorrows while on the earth, His deliverance from His enemies, and His triumphs over opposition.
To speak of the psalm more in detail, verse 1 gives its occasion; verses 2 and 4, its theme; 5 to 19 speak poetically of the deliverances obtained through the power of God; 20 to 28, the reason for them as based on the psalmist's righteousness; 29 to 43, the preparation and girding the psalmist himself received; and 44 to 51 mingle praise for the past and prophecy for the future.
It is the fourth division, 20 to 28 more than any other, that makes it difficult to apply the psalm to David except in a highly poetical sense, and which gives it a Messianic significance.
2. The Last Words, 23:1-7.
What is meant by the first sentence of this chapter is difficult to say. It reads like a note of some editor and may mean that the verses following, although poetical, are not part of the preceding song.
The whole section is reminiscent and expressive of trust in God. The second verse is a strong testimony to the divine inspiration of David's words.
David's house had not been what it should have been (v. 5), yet God's covenant was sure, and for His own Name's sake it would be carried forward until the Messiah should sit upon the throne. He was David's desire and salvation.
3. A Catalogue of the Mighty, 23:8-39.
David's great human helpers are here designated and short sketches given of them. Space will not permit any enlarged commentary on the text, nor is it necessary. But note the supernatural character of their achievements -- "the Lord wrought a great victory" (v. 12).
There were three classes of these men. The first consisted of the first three named, verses 8 to 17; the second, of the next three, Abishai, Benaiah and Asahel, apparently, 18 to 24; and the third of the last thirty, of whom, it would appear, Asahel was chief.
4. Numbering the People, 24:1-9.
When this took place is not easy to determine, but it is disappointing to note that it was a testing of David's character in which he failed.
"He" before "moved" in verse 1, refers to Satan, as will be seen from 대상21:3, and shows that although God does not tempt any man (약1:13), yet, sometimes He permits the adversary of souls to do it In this case He withdrew His supporting grace and the king fell (vv. 3, 4).
How long did it take to obtain this census, and what was its report (vv. 8, 9)?
There is an apparent discrepancy between the record here and 1 Chronicles 21, which, however, can be explained.
Samuel says, "there were in Israel 800,000 valiant men"; while Chronicles says, "And all they of Israel were a thousand thousand and an hundred thousand men that drew sword" -- 300,000 more. The words in the second case, "all they of Israel," suggests the key to the difficulty. Chronicles gives the full number of the military belonging to Israel, while Samuel omits the special guards of the king and the princes who were in actual service as militia, and which were just 300,000.
In like manner, Samuel says, "The men of Judah were 500,000 men," while Chronicles records that "Judah was 470,000 that drew sword." The difference is explained by the army of observation on the frontiers of Philistia (삼하6:1, 2) which were not included by the author of Chronicles, though they were by the author of Samuel. In this case the first-named does not say "all they of Judah," as he had of Israel.
5. A Choice of Chastisement, vv. 10-25.
God graciously leads David to repentance (v. 10), but He can by no means clear the guilty (vv. 11, 12), yet mercy mingles with justice (vv. 13, 14).
Note the difference between David's spirit in verse 17, and that of Saul in corresponding circumstances (삼상15:15). And do not overlook Araunah's kingly generosity on the one hand (v. 23), or David's conscientiousness on the other (v. 24). Of course, "Ornan" in Chronicles is only another pronunciation of Araunah in Samuel.
Observe from 대상21:28-22:5, that the threshing floor subsequently became the site of Solomon's temple.
【삼하24:1 MHCC】For the people's sin David was left to act wrong, and in his chastisement they received punishment. This example throws light upon God's government of the world, and furnishes a useful lesson. The pride of David's heart, was his sin in numbering of the people. He thought thereby to appear the more formidable, trusting in an arm of flesh more than he should have done, and though he had written so much of trusting in God only. God judges not of sin as we do. What appears to us harmless, or, at least, but a small offence, may be a great sin in the eye of God, who discerns the thoughts and intents of the heart. Even ungodly men can discern evil tempers and wrong conduct in believers, of which they themselves often remain unconscious. But God seldom allows those whom he loves the pleasures they sinfully covet.
【삼하24:5 JFB】5. they passed over Jordan—This census was taken first in the eastern parts of the Hebrew kingdom; and it would seem that Joab was accompanied by a military force, either to aid in this troublesome work, or to overawe the people who might display reluctance or opposition.
the river of Gad—"Wady" would be a better term. It extends over a course estimated at about sixty miles, which, though in summer almost constantly dry, exhibits very evident traces of being swept over by an impetuous torrent in winter (see 신2:36).
【삼하24:6 JFB】6. the land of Tahtim-hodshi—that is, the land lately acquired; namely, that of the Hagarites conquered by Saul (대상5:10). The progress was northward. Thence they crossed the country, and, proceeding along the western coast to the southern extremities of the country, they at length arrived in Jerusalem, having completed the enumeration of the whole kingdom in the space of nine months and twenty days.
【삼하24:9 JFB】9. Joab gave up the sum of the number of the people unto the king—The amount here stated, compared with 대상21:5, gives a difference of three hundred thousand. The discrepancy is only apparent, and admits of an easy reconciliation; thus (see 대상27:1-15), there were twelve divisions of generals, who commanded monthly, and whose duty was to keep guard on the royal person, each having a body of troops consisting of twenty-four thousand men, which, together, formed an army of two hundred eighty-eight thousand; and as a separate detachment of twelve thousand was attendant on the twelve princes of the twelve tribes mentioned in the same chapter, so both are equal to three hundred thousand. These were not reckoned in this book, because they were in the actual service of the king as a regular militia. But 대상21:5 joins them to the rest, saying, "all those of Israel were one million, one hundred thousand"; whereas the author of Samuel, who reckons only the eight hundred thousand, does not say, "all those of Israel," but barely "and Israel were," &c. It must also be observed that, exclusive of the troops before mentioned, there was an army of observation on the frontiers of the Philistines' country, composed of thirty thousand men, as appears from 삼하6:1; which, it seems, were included in the number of five hundred thousand of the people of Judah by the author of Samuel. But the author of Chronicles, who mentions only four hundred seventy thousand, gives the number of that tribe exclusive of those thirty thousand men, because they were not all of the tribe of Judah, and therefore he does not say, "all those of Judah," as he had said, "all those of Israel," but only, "and those of Judah." Thus both accounts may be reconciled [Davidson].
【삼하24:10 JFB】삼하24:10-14. He, Having Three Plagues Propounded by GAD, Repents, and Chooses Three Days' Pestilence.
10-13. David's heart smote him after that he had numbered the people. And David said unto the Lord, I have sinned—The act of numbering the people was not in itself sinful; for Moses did it by the express authority of God. But David acted not only independently of such order or sanction, but from motives unworthy of the delegated king of Israel; from pride and vainglory; from self-confidence and distrust of God; and, above all, from ambitious designs of conquest, in furtherance of which he was determined to force the people into military service, and to ascertain whether he could muster an army sufficient for the magnitude of the enterprises he contemplated. It was a breach of the constitution, an infringement of the liberties of the people, and opposed to that divine policy which required that Israel should continue a separate people. His eyes were not opened to the heinousness of his sin till God had spoken unto him by His commissioned prophet.
【삼하24:10 MHCC】It is well, when a man has sinned, if he has a heart within to smite him for it. If we confess our sins, we may pray in faith that God would forgive them, and take away, by pardoning mercy, that sin which we cast away by sincere repentance. What we make the matter of our pride, it is just in God to take from us, or make bitter to us, and make it our punishment. This must be such a punishment as the people have a large share in, for though it was David's sin that opened the sluice, the sins of the people all contributed to the flood. In this difficulty, David chose a judgment which came immediately from God, whose mercies he knew to be very great, rather than from men, who would have triumphed in the miseries of Israel, and have been thereby hardened in their idolatry. He chose the pestilence; he and his family would be as much exposed to it as the poorest Israelite; and he would continue for a shorter time under the Divine rebuke, however severe it was. The rapid destruction by the pestilence shows how easily God can bring down the proudest sinners, and how much we owe daily to the Divine patience.
【삼하24:13 JFB】13. Shall seven years of famine come unto thee—that is, in addition to the three that had been already, with the current year included (see on 대상21:11).
【삼하24:14 JFB】14. David said, … Let us fall now into the hand of the Lord—His overwhelming sense of his sin led him to acquiesce in the punishment denounced, notwithstanding its apparent excess of severity. He proceeded on a good principle in choosing the pestilence. In pestilence he was equally exposed, as it was just and right he should be, to danger as his people, whereas, in war and famine, he possessed means of protection superior to them. Besides, he thereby showed his trust, founded on long experience, in the divine goodness.
【삼하24:15 JFB】삼하24:15-25. His Intercession to God; the Plague Ceases.
15. from the morning—rather that morning when Gad came [삼하24:18], till the end of the three days.
there died of the people … seventy thousand men—Thus was the pride of the vainglorious monarch, confiding in the number of his population, deeply humbled.
【삼하24:16 JFB】16. the Lord repented him of the evil—God is often described in Scripture as repenting when He ceased to pursue a course He had begun.
【삼하24:16 MHCC】Perhaps there was more wickedness, especially more pride, and that was the sin now chastised, in Jerusalem than elsewhere, therefore the hand of the destroyer is stretched out upon that city; but the Lord repented him of the evil, changed not his mind, but his way. In the very place where Abraham was stayed from slaying his son, this angel, by a like countermand, was stayed from destroying Jerusalem. It is for the sake of the great Sacrifice, that our forfeited lives are preserved from the destroying angel. And in David is the spirit of a true shepherd of the people, offering himself as a sacrifice to God, for the salvation of his subjects.
【삼하24:17 JFB】17. David … said—or, "had said,"
I have sinned … but these sheep, what have they done?—The guilt of numbering the people lay exclusively with David. But in the body politic as well as natural, when the head suffers, all the members suffer along with it; and, besides, although David's sin was the immediate cause, the great increase of national offenses at this time had (삼하24:1) kindled the anger of the Lord.
【삼하24:18 JFB】18. Araunah—or Ornan (대상21:18), the Jebusite, one of the ancient inhabitants, who, having become a convert to the true religion, retained his house and possessions. He resided on Mount Moriah, the spot on which the temple was afterwards built (대하3:1); but that mount was not then enclosed in the town.
【삼하24:18 MHCC】God's encouraging us to offer to him spiritual sacrifices, is an evidence of his reconciling us to himself. David purchased the ground to build the altar. God hates robbery for burnt-offering. Those know not what religion is, who chiefly care to make it cheap and easy to themselves, and who are best pleased with that which costs them least pains or money. For what have we our substance, but to honour God with it; and how can it be better bestowed? See the building of the altar, and the offering proper sacrifices upon it. Burnt-offerings to the glory of God's justice; peace-offerings to the glory of his mercy. Christ is our Altar, our Sacrifice; in him alone we may expect to escape his wrath, and to find favour with God. Death is destroying all around, in so many forms, and so suddenly, that it is madness not to expect and prepare for the close of life.
【삼하24:21 JFB】21. to build an altar unto the Lord, that the plague may be stayed—It is evident that the plague was not stayed till after the altar was built, and the sacrifice offered, so that what is related (삼하24:16) was by anticipation. Previous to the offering of this sacrifice, he had seen the destroying angel as well as offered the intercessory prayer (삼하24:17). This was a sacrifice of expiation; and the reason why he was allowed to offer it on Mount Moriah was partly in gracious consideration to his fear of repairing to Gibeon (대상21:29, 30), and partly in anticipation of the removal of the tabernacle and the erection of the temple there (대하3:1).
【삼하24:23 JFB】23. All these things did Araunah, as a king, give—Indicating, as the sense is, that this man had been anciently a heathen king or chief, but was now a proselyte who still retained great property and influence in Jerusalem, and whose piety was evinced by the liberality of his offers. The words, "as a king," are taken by some to signify simply, "he gave with royal munificence."
【삼하24:24 JFB】24. Nay; … I will … buy it of thee at a price—The sum mentioned here, namely, fifty shekels of silver, equal £6 sterling, was paid for the floor, oxen and wood instruments only, whereas the large sum (대상21:25) was paid afterwards for the whole hill, on which David made preparations for building the temple.
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웹 브라우저 주소창에 'https://foreverorkr.tistory.com/pages/' 다음에 '창1' 처럼 성경 약자와 장 번호를 입력하면 해당 장으로 바로 이동할 수 있다. 상단의 '한글듣기'와 '영어듣기' 우측의 플레이 아이콘을 누르면 읽는 성경을 들으며 읽을 수 있다.(읽는 성경의 출처는 https://mp3bible.ca , https://www.wordproject.org 이다) 성경 번역본은 개역 한글과 킴제임스 버전(KJV)이다. 주석은 세 가지로 CWC는 Christian Workers' Commentary, MHCC는 Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary, JFB는 Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible을 의미한다.